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بررسی اثر اندازه غده و تیمار GA3 بر رشد و تحریک گلدهی شیپوری گلدانی رقم پیکاسو (Zantedeschia pentlandii cv. Picasso)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه ژنتیک و به‌نژادی، پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، محلات، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی باغبانی گراش گل و گیاهان زینتی،گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
این تحقیق در سال‌های (97-96) در پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی در گلخانه نیمه به منظور بررسی اثر غلظت‌های مختلف GA3 و وزن ریزغده بر رشد و گل‌دهی در گل شیپوری گلدانی رقم پیکاسو (Zantedeschiapentlandii cv. Picasso) انجام شد. ریزغده‌ها با میانگین وزنی درشت (20/ 6 گرمS1=)، متوسط(20/3 گرمS2=) و ریز(20/1 گرمS3=) در محلول اسیدجیبرلیک با چهار غلظت صفر، 250، 500 و 750  پی‌پی‌ام به روش غوطه‌وری تیمار شدند. آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل با طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه کشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین طول برگ (100درصد بیش از (S3.GA0، طول ساقه گل‌دهنده، قطر و طول گل (اسپات) در غده‌های درشت تیمار‌شده با جیبرلین 500 پی‌پی‌ام (S1.GA500)و کمترین طول برگ مربوط به غده‌های ریز (S3.GA0) بدون جیبرلین بود که گلدهی نیز در آن‌ها مشاهده نشد. سریع‌ترین جوانه‌زنی مربوط به غده‌های درشت با تیمار 750 پی‌پی‌ام S1.GA750) 36 درصد زودتر از S3.GA0) و زودترین گلدهی پس از جوانه‌زنی در غده‌هایS2 با تیمار 500 پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین (S2.GA500) بود که 28 درصد سریع‌تر ازگلدهی در غده‌های ریز با تیمار هورمونی 250 پی‌پی‌ام (S1.GA250) اتفاق افتاد ولی غده‌های فاقد تیمارهورمونی در هر سه اندازه قادر به گلدهی نبودند. بیشترین وزن و قطر غده تولیدی مربوط به غده‌های S1 با تیمار هورمونی 500 پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین و کمترین وزن در غده‌های S3 بدون تیمار هورمونی مشاهده گردید. در مجموع بر اساس نتایج این بررسی، بهترین شاخص‌های رشد و گلدهی مربوط به غده‌های S1 با تیمار هورمونی 500 پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین بود. در بررسی اثرات ساده نیز غده‌های درشت (S1)  و تیمار GA500 تقریباً در تمام صفات نسبت به سایر تیمارها برتری داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که روش غوطه‌وری غده‌های شیپوری با هورمون GA3، می‌تواند در برنامه‌ریزی تولید، افزایش زودبازدهی و انتخاب جمعیت‌های برتر در برنامه‌های اصلاحی استفاده شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Tuber Size and GA3 on the Growth and Stimulation of Flowering of Zantedeschia pentlandii cv. Picasso

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Azimi 1
  • Behzad Edrisi 1
  • Mobina Hadi 2

1 Assistant Professor, Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, I.R. Iran

2 M.Sc. of Horticultural Engineering, Department of Flowers and Ornamental Plants,Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, I.R. Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Zantedeschia, native to southern Africa, herbaceous flowering plants in the family Araceae, with common names such as Arum lily, Trumpet lily, Pig lily, or Miniature Calla Lily. Calla lilies are among the most colorful flowers with a unique flower form. It is one of the most important pot, cut flower and outdoor plant in the world. GA3 is sometimes used to stimulate growth and flowering of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GA3 and different weights of rhizome on growth, development, as well as qualitative and quantitative properties, of Zantedeschia in the greenhouse.
 
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of GA3 on micro-tuber of Z. pentlandii cv. Picasso. Micro-tuber in three sizes and average weights included;
large (S1=6.20g), medium (S2=3.20g) and fine (S3=1.20g) soaked in GA3 solution with concentrations 0, 250, 500, 750 ppm for 30 minutes. Experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement with randomized complete block design with three replications. 10 micro-tuber cultured in bed with compounds of 60% coco peat and 40% perlite in greenhouse conditions. From the time of planting to harvesting, the ability of micro-tuber sprouting, leaf length, leaf width, stem length, number of flowering stems, plant height, flower diameter (spathe), number of buds, bud length, the diameter and weight of the micro-tuber after harvest were evaluated.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the maximum length of leaf (100% more than S3GA0) length of flowering stem, diameter and length of flower (spathe) were observed in S1 tubers treated with 500 ppm (S1GA500) and the least amount was obtained in control treatment (S3GA0). The fastest germination was in S1 tubers with 750 ppm (S1GA750 36% earlier than S3GA0) and the earliest flowering was in S2 tubers with 500 ppm treated (S2GA500) which have flowering 28% earlier than S3 tubers with 250 ppm (S1GA250) but non-GA treated tubers in all three sizes have none flower. The highest weight and diameter tuber belonged to S1 tubers with 500 ppm and the lowest weight in S3 tubers without treatment. S3 tubers did not enter the flowering stage. It was shown that the GA3 treatment on Zantedeschia ‘Picasso’ tubers caused earlier flowering and the formation of a greater number of flowers and leaves. GA3 decreased the time between germination and appearance of flower. In simple effects study, large tubers (S1) and GA500 treatment were superior to other treatments in almost all traits. Also, the method of soaking of tubers with GA3 can be used in production scheduling, early efficiency and selection of superior populations in breeding programs.
 
Conclusion
The best growth and flowering indices were S1 tubers with treatment of 500 ppm. S1 tubers with GA3 (500 ppm) treatment were superior in all traits to other treatments. The method of soaking of calla tubers with GA3 can be used in production, increasing efficiency and selecting superior populations in breeding programs.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flowering
  • Diameter of tuber
  • Spathe
  • Weight of tuber
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 447-458
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