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تجزیه پایداری عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته گندم بهاره تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح نباتات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
به‌منظور مطالعه تجزیه پایداری عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته گندم بهاره تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، 28 ژنوتیپ گندم به‌صورت دو آزمایش جداگانه تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی (با قطع آبیاری در مرحله ظهور 50 درصد سنبله‌های هر واحد آزمایشی) و طی دو سال زراعی 96-95 و 97-96 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌های حاصل از ارزیابی صفات نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر کلیه صفات در سطح احتمال یک درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × شرایط آبیاری از نظر صفات عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، ارتفاع بوته و شاخص برداشت در سطح احتمال پنج درصد و برای صفات وزن هزار دانه و بیوماس در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود و نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه در شرایط مختلف آبیاری واکنش‌های متفاوتی از نظر این صفات داشتند. نتایج حاصل از آماره‌های واریانس محیطی و ضریب تغییرات محیطی مشابه بود که نشان دهنده وجود یک جنبه مشترک بین آن‌هاست. بر اساس این آماره‌ها ژنوتیپ‌های کریم، قابوس، زاگرس، آفتاب، URBWYT-94-3، URBWYT-94-9، URBWYT-94-7 و URBWYT-94-2، بر مبنای آماره پایداری اکووالانس ریک ژنوتیپ‌های مروارید، گنبد، آرتا، روشن، ERWYT-94-8 و URBWYT-94-10، آماره میانگین رتبه ژنوتیپ‌های دریا، آفتاب، ERWYT-94-7، URBWYT-94-10، URBWYT-94-2 و URBWYT-94-4 و آماره انحراف معیار رتبه ژنوتیپ‌های مروارید، گنبد، سوپر هد، آرتا، روشن و URBWYT-94-10 به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار شناسایی شدند. ژنوتیپ‌های URBWYT-94-10، روشن، ERWYT-94-8 و ERWYT-94-7 نیز از نظر آماره غیر پارامتری کتاتا به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار و پر محصول شناسایی شدند. با در نظر گرفتن میانگین عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه در چهار محیط، در مجموع ژنوتیپ‌های کریم، آفتاب، روشن، URBWYT-94-7، URBWYT-94-9، URBWYT-94-10 و URBWYT-94-2 جزو ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار و پر محصول شناسایی شدند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield Stability Analysis of Advanced Spring Wheat Genotypes under Non-Stress and Drought Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davood daiyoulhagh 1
  • Varahram Rashidi 2
  • Saeed Aharizad 3
  • Farhad Farahvash 2
  • Bahram Mershekari 2

1 1- Ph.D. Student of Plant Breeding, Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Departement of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran

3 Professor, Departement of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the first most important cereal crop in the world. Drought, among abiotic stresses, is known as the most complicated, devastating factor against wheat production. Although drought impedes wheat yield at all growth stages, its negative impacts are more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases (terminal drought) and result in substantial yield losses. A prolonged and severe drought will result in a significant decrease in the production of crop and serious issues of food supply and food security. Given the growing population in developing countries such as Iran, and the economic and political importance of producing this cereal, a serious examination at its production and breeding is warranted.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to study yield stability analysis of advanced spring wheat genotypes under non-stress and drought stress conditions (stop irrigation in the stage of the emergence of 50% inflorescence of each experimental unit), 28 genotypes were evaluated in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 cropping years in two separate experiments with a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz.
 
Results and Discussion
Combined analysis of variance under two conditions in two crop years revealed a statistically significant difference between studied genotypes for all traits (P<0.01). Genotype × condition interaction was significant for seed yield, number of seeds in spike, plant height, harvest index in 5% probability level and 1000 seed weight and biomass in 1% probability level. The results of the present study showed that the studied genotypes had different reactions under different environmental conditions for these traits. Based on the results obtained from parametric method which includes environmental variance and environmental coefficient of variation genotypes Karim, Gabos, Zagros, Aftab, URBWYT-94-3, URBWYT-94-9, URBWYT-94-7 and URBWYT-94-2،; in Wricke's Ecovalence genotypes Morvarid, Arta, Gonbad, Roshan, ERWYT-94-8 and URBWYT-94-10; in average rating genotypes Darya, Aftab, ERWYT-94-7, URBWYT-94-10, URBWYT-94-2 and URBWYT-94-4; in standard deviation of rank genotypes Morvarid, Gonbad, Superhead, Arta, Roshan and URBWYT-94-10 known as stable genotypes. Based on non-parametric method of Ketata et al. genotypes Roshan, URBWYT-94-10، ERWYT-94-8 and ERWYT-94-7 known as the stable and high yields genotypes. Overall, the genotypes Karim, Aftab, Roshan, URBWYT-94-7، URBWYT-94-9، URBWYT-94-10 and URBWYT-94-2 introduced as the stable and high yields genotypes. The findings of the study revealed that the results of environmental variance statistics and coefficients of environmental variation are similar, indicating a common trait between them. In other words, the genotypes that were known as sustainable genotypes based on environmental variance stability statistics are exactly those genotypes that were identified as sustainable genotypes based on environmental stability coefficient statistics.
 
Conclusion
As regards the genotypes that were known as sustainable genotypes based on environmental variance stability statistics are exactly those genotypes that were identified as sustainable genotypes based on environmental stability coefficient statistics Therefore, it can be argued that environmental variance stability statistics and environmental stability coefficient statistics are the best indicators in the identification of the stable genotypes in terms of yield.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cut off irrigation stress
  • Interaction genotypes × conditions
  • Parametric and non-parametric methods of stability
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 489-502
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