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اثر تنش خشکی و گردو‌غبار بر پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی و واکنش ضداکسایشی دو رقم توت‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان‌، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و مرکز پژوهشی به‌نژادی و به‌زراعی توت‌فرنگی، دانشگاه کردستان‌، سنندج، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و مرکز پژوهشی به‌نژادی و به‌زراعی توت‌فرنگی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر پدیده گردوغبار یکی از چالش‌های مهم در غرب و جنوب غربی ایران بوده که سالیانه خسارات فراوانی بر محیط‌زیست و محصولات کشاورزی به جا می‌گذارد. بر همین اساس، آزمایشی برای بررسی اثر گردوغبار و تنش خشکی روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم توت‌فرنگی (پاروس و کوئین‌الیزا) در طی سال‌های 1392-1393 در شرایط گلخانه طراحی و اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار (شاهد، تنش خشکی (2/1- مگاپاسکال)، گردوغبار، گردوغبار + تنش خشکی) و 3 تکرار انجام شد. در این آزمایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (RWC)،‍ شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی (MSI)، پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل، پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی، پراکسید‌هیدروژن و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که RWC و MSI در واکنش به گردوغبار و تنش خشکی
در هر دو رقم کاهش یافتند. افزایش میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل، مالون ‌دی‌آلدئید، پراکسید‌هیدروژن و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در اثر تیمارهای گردوغبار و تنش خشکی مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین افزایش در پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل، مالون دی آلدئید، پراکسید‌هیدروژن و فعالیت آنزیم‌های ضد‌اکسایشی در تیمار تنش خشکی + گردوغبار به‌دست آمد. تیمارهای گردو‌غبار و تنش خشکی سبب کاهش تولید ماده خشک در هر دو سال گردیدند. بر اساس این نتایج گردوغبار اثر منفی بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم توت‌فرنگی داشته و در شرایطی که تیمار گردوغبار همراه با تنش خشکی اعمال گردید آثار منفی بیشتری بر توت‌فرنگی داشت. به همین دلیل می‌توان عنوان کرد که گردوغبار تأثیر منفی روی صفات ارزیابی‌شده داشته و تنش خشکی این اثرات را تشدید نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Reaction of Strawberry to Drought Stress and Dust

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Marivani 1
  • Nasser Ghaderi 2
  • Taimoor Javadi 3

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Research Center of Strawberry Breeding and Improvement, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Research Center of Strawberry Breeding and Improvement, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
In recent years, dust has been identified as a major source of adverse environmental and agricultural effects in west and southwest of Iran. Reducing light penetration, decreasing photosynthesis, changing stomatal performance, and reducing flowering are some of the adverse effects of air pollution on plants. Strawberries have a shallow root system, high leaf area, and are sensetive to drought stress. Kurdistan province is the major producer of strawberries in Iran. Since in Kurdistan dust occurs mostly in the spring and during the strawberry flowering and fruit production, we investigated the interaction effect of dust and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of two strawberry cultivars (cvs. Paros and Queen elisa) during 2013-2014.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four treatments (control, -1.2 MPa soil water potential as drought stress, dust and dust + drought stress) and three replications. In this experiment, leaf relative water content, membrane stability index, proline, soluble carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were evaluated.
 
Results
Results showed that relative water content and membrane stability index decreased in response to dust and drought in both cultivars. Also, the amount of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and activity of antioxidant enzymes increased by dust and drought treatments. Most increase was obsereved in the proline and total soluble carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was obtained by dust + drought stress. Drought stress + dust had the highest levels of POD and APX. There was a significant difference between the two cultivars, so that Paros cultivar had higher activity of POD and APX compared to queen elisa. Dust and drought treatments reduced shoot and root dry weigth in both years and both cultivars.
 
Discussion
Probably due to the stress caused by dust, the total leaf soluble sugars increased in the first year. In this condition, the plant can continue to absorb water from the soil by increasing the soluble carbohydrates through osmotic regulation. In the second year, the long-term reduction in photosynthesis led to a reduction in total soluble carbohydrates, due to prolonged exposure to dust or damage to light absorption pigments resulting from dust accumulation and its negative effects on stomatal function. Dust and drought stress decreased relative water content (RWC) through decreasing water absorption by the strawberry plants, and the decrease of water led to the increase of H2O2. With the increase of H2O2 in dust and drought stress, membrane lipid degradation increased and led to the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA). The increase of MDA indicates cell wall destruction, which is accompanied by the decrease of memberan stability index MSI). MDA increased in all treatments in Queen Eliza cultivar, which could indicate the higher sensitivity of this cultivar to dust and drought stress. In this study, Paros showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied with lower H2O2 content and consequently a lower MDA, thus, more resistance to drought and drought stress. In conclusion, dust had negative effects on evaluated characteristics, and drought stress exacerbated these effects. Adverse effects of dust and drought were observed on dry matter production in both years. Reducing the dry matter of the roots and the shoot might be due to increased free radicals, reduced leaf water content and, consequently, loss of photosynthesis of the leaf. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cell membrane stability index
  • Drought stress
  • MDA
  • Physiological characteristics
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 42، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 535-550
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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