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English Articles

Adventitious Root Development and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation by Auxin in Cichorium intybus L

Roghayeh Fathi; Mehdi Mohebodini; Esmaeil Chamani

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 467-476

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.29713.1772

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Adventitious root cultures of medicinal plants are a source of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance, and are considered as an alternative method ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Adventitious root cultures of medicinal plants are a source of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance, and are considered as an alternative method for clonal propagation and germplasm conservation in medicinal plants.Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal plant from Asteraceae and isused in traditional medicine to promote appetite and digestion. This plant contains many important metabolites including chicoric asid, inulin, scoline, coumarin and flavonoids. In the current research, an efficient protocol has been developed for adventitious root culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Materials and Methods:The seeds were surface-sterilized with 50 ml l−1 sodium hypochlorite for 20 min, subsequently with 700 ml l−1 ethanol for 90 s. The surface-sterilized seeds were inoculated against the MS medium and cultures were incubated at 25 ±2 ◦C under fluorescent light for a cycle of 16 h light and 8 h dark per day. The leaves explants of 28-day-old in vitro plantlets were used as explants. For root initiation, IAA (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg l-1) were used. After four weeks, the well-established roots were separated. To determine the best medium of composition for growth of roots, approximately 100 mg fresh weight of adventitious roots were cultured in MS liquid medium with different concentrations of IAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1). Results and Discussion:According to the results, among the different concentrations of IAA, the highest root induction (72.5 percent), root number (4.75), and root branch (10.08) were exhibited by 1.5 mg/L IAA. Among different NAA levels, the highest root induction (88.88 percent), and root number (8.04) were observed in 1.5 mg/L NAA and was not significantly different from 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L NAA. This hormone at concentration of 1.5 mg/L, induced the highest root branching (18.42 per explant). The highest fresh weight (0.74 g) and dry weight (0.062 g), growth index (6.51), and phenol (4.1 mg/g DW) were obtained in MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1-1 NAA in combination with 0.5 mg 1-1 IAA, and Flavonoid content in 270, 300 and 330 nm wavelengths was higher (60.26, 85.88 and 98.53 µg g-1 DW) in the roots obtained from 1 mg l−1 of NAA in combination with 1 mg l−1 of IAA. Increasing NAA concentrations induced callus mediated root formation and produced a lower number of adventitious roots. By using IAA, adventitious roots were initiated, but the frequency and average number of roots initiated were lower when compared with NAA. Conclusion: Adventitious roots obtained by different concentration of auxins are a suitable tool for the production of plant secondary metabolites due to their genetic stability, and generally, show a fast growth rate. This study describes the protocol for adventitious root induction which could further be useful for the production of secondary metabolites and biomass

English Articles

Effect of Iron-Amino Acid Chelates on Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value of Soybean

Mahboobeh Jalali

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 477-486

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30728.1810

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Supplying a sufficient amount of available iron (Fe) for plant growth in hydroponic nutrient solutions is a great challenge. There are various Fe fertilizers to ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Supplying a sufficient amount of available iron (Fe) for plant growth in hydroponic nutrient solutions is a great challenge. There are various Fe fertilizers to eliminate iron deficiency in crops. The chelators commonly used to supply Fe in nutrient solutions have several disadvantages and may negatively affect plant growth. The objective of the current paper was to evaluate the effects of some various Fe- chelates, (Fe-arginine, Fe-glycine, Fe-histidine, Fe-lysine, Fe-glutamine and Fe-EDTA) on the physiological properties and nutraceutical potential of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in nutrient solution. Materials and Methods:The experiments had a randomized complete block design with three replications and the treatments were arranged in factorial combination. The plants were grown in a greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture at Lorestan University in 2018. In this study, Fe- chelates were synthesized. Then, soybean seeds were sterilized and germinated in 11 μm filter paper. Seven-day seedlings were transplanted into perlite and watered regularly with distilled water for a week. Then, Two-pair leaflet seedlings were placed in continuously aerated solution under controlled conditions of the greenhouse. Six different iron treatments (at Fe level=50 µM) were applied including: Fe-EDTA, Fe-arginine, Fe-Glycine, Fe-histidine, Fe-glutamine, and Fe-lysine. The plant leaves were collected at 10-leaves stages. The seed collection was done in the maturity of harvest (R8). Afterwards, physiological parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity and seeds quantity and quality were measured. Results and Discussion:Fe-amino acid application significantly (P£0.05) enhanced root and shoot dry matter yield, total chlorophyll content, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, seed protein content, seed oil content, oleic acid, and number of seeds in each pod in comparison with Fe-EDTA treatment. The maximum chlorophyll content, seed protein and seed oil were observed in the Fe-glycine treatment (increased by 66.25%, 103.48% and 85.11%, respectively compared to that of control). Concentrations of ferritin, iron, zinc, and nitrogen in soybean seeds were also higher in Fe-amino acid chelate treatments compared to Fe-EDTA. The effect of Fe-amino acid chelates on the Fe content in seeds was in the order Fe-glycine> Fe-glutamine> Fe-lysine> Fe-histidine> Fe-arginine. Catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6)and ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) significantly (P£0.05) increased in all Fe-amino acid chelates treatments compared to Fe-EDTA treatment. Conclusion: According to the results, Fe-amino acid chelates could provide the required amount of iron to soybean and this resulted in seed quality enhancement. Therefore, Fe-amino acids can be used as more efficient fertilizers than Fe-EDTA in nutrient solution, and they can be used as an alternative to Fe-EDTA to supply Fe in nutrient solutions.

English Articles

Bioactivity of Methanolic Leaves and Stem Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. From Southeast of Marivan

Morteza Yazdani; Fereshteh Jookar Kashi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 487-496

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.29309.1757

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn is a medicinal plant belonging to Polypodiales order. Pare-siavashan is the name of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn in pharmaceutical ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn is a medicinal plant belonging to Polypodiales order. Pare-siavashan is the name of Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn in pharmaceutical textbooks of Iranian Traditional Medicine. A. capillus-veneris L. as a medicinal plant was utilized to treat various infectious diseases. In this study, the extract of A. capillus-veneris L. from Kurdistan province is investigated for the first time. Materials and Methods:The plant is collected from southeast of Marivan in October 2017. Theaim of the current study was to investigate cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and phytochemical screening of methanol extract and polar and nonpolar subfractions of the leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. separately. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the samples were determined using inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Gentamicin, rifampin and nystatin were used as positive controls in an antimicrobial method. Both 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the samples were identified using regression analysis. Results and Discussion:Theleaves and stem extractsindicated the highest antioxidative activities in DPPH test that IC50 values =56.23 ± 0.85 and 44.66 ± 1.22 μg/ml respectively, which was higher than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT: IC50= 19 ± 1.03 μg/ml). The total phenolic contents of leaves and stem extracts, as Gallic acid equivalents, were 83.62 ± 1.87 and 147.39 ± 2.35 mg/g, respectively. The amounts of total flavonoids compounds of leaves and stem extracts were also determined 58.50 ± 0.78 and 35.63 ± 0.39 mg, respectively. Alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins were also identified in all the extracts and glycosides were detected only in water and hexane fraction extract of the stem, also hexaneextraction fraction of stem was devoid of triterpenes and the stem and leaves which contain no tannins. The leaves water extract of A. capillus veneris L. showed maximum zone of inhibition against bactrial strains. The hexane extracts of leaves and stem of A. capillus-veneris L. showed the weakest antimicrobial activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was applied for the isolation of anitumour and cytotoxic agents. The leaves and stem extracts of A. capillus-veneris L. showed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 125.893 and 97.7237 (μg/ml), respectively. Vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.751 μg/ml) was used as the reference standard of brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Conclusion: This study suggested that the extracts of the A. capillus-veneris L. may be a promising source for novel anticancer agents. The extracts showed moderate to acceptable antibacterial activities.

English Articles

Effect of Elemental Sulphur on Calcium Uptake and Translocation in Maize Grown in a High pH soil of Malaysia

Mehdi Karimi; Rostam Yazdani-Biouki; Aminuddin Hussin; Mohd Khanif Yousof; Radziah Othman

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 497-506

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31110.1826

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Acidification of high pH soils by elemental sulphur application is introduced for increasing plant nutrient availability and improving plant performance. ... Read More

English Articles

Effect of Seed Treatment on Physiological Traits of Two Safflower Cultivars under Defoliation

Mina Pedram; Ali Hatami; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Zahra Tahmasebi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 507-516

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31631.1845

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:To evaluate the effects of priming and defoliation on some physiological traits of two safflower cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized ... Read More

English Articles

The Dose Response and Mutation Induction by Gamma Ray in Vicia Faba Cv. Saraziri

Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh; Bahare Tahmasebi; Daryoosh Nabati Ahmadi; Masoud Rahimi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 517-526

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31265.1831

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Sufficient genetic variation is an essential source for having a successful breeding program. Mutation is known to be a high throughput technique to induce genetic ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Sufficient genetic variation is an essential source for having a successful breeding program. Mutation is known to be a high throughput technique to induce genetic variation in plants. Irradiation is the most common method of inducing mutations in plants mutation breeding programs leading to the production of mutants with superior genotypes. Faba bean is a crop whose diversity needs to be improved for breeding programs in Iran. Unfortunately, few researches have been carried out on mutagenesis of faba bean. Materials and Methods:In the present study, the dose response and effects of gamma irradiation have been investigated by exposing the seeds of Vicia fabacv. Saraziri to doses of 25, 35, 45, 55, 100, and 120 Gray (Gy) in the Lab at the college of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2013 to 2015. The implementation of the research was under the guidance and in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. The experiments were assigned as a completed block design with four replications in both laboratory and the field. Results and Discussion:The results of the analysis of the variance indicated that there was no significant difference in germination trait of M0 generation in the seeds at various gamma irradiation doses whereas, germination rate, seedling length, and weight were significantly altered at varied doses (P≤0.05), and further responses of these traits decreased as the dosage increased. Moreover, increasing the irradiation doses caused a delay in flowering, pod setting, and pod ripening period in M2 generation. A linear regression between different characters and gamma doses was detected. Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) for fertility and seed setting, was detected as between 60-65 Gy based on reproductive traits. The principal component analysis revealed information that the first two components within the traits at the different doses were accounted for approximately 71% of the total variance. Using the biplot diagram of the first two components, 320 mutant plants appeared and the superior one within plants was identified as compared to control. Conclusion: This research is reported the optimum dose of gamma irradiation of 50 to 55 Gy to exert mutation induction in Vicia Faba based on the LD50 of vegetative and reproductive phases. The findings of the current work acquired several promising mutants that might be used as beneficial sources to develop new faba bean cultivars.

English Articles

Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate and Silicate Can Improve the Fruit Quality of Pomegranate cv. ‘Malase Yazdi’

Elham Fattahi; Azam Jafari; Esmaeil Fallahi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, Pages 527-534

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31693.1846

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Pomegranate is an ancient fruit plant, that nowadays there is an increasing worldwide demand for this fruit owing to its superior pharmacological and therapeutic ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Pomegranate is an ancient fruit plant, that nowadays there is an increasing worldwide demand for this fruit owing to its superior pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Foliar nutrient applications could potentially be used in commercial pomegranate production, to improve fruit quality. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of pomegranate fruits under foliar spraying of potassium nitrate and silicate. Materials and Methods:The twenty years old uniform pomegranate trees cv. ‘Malase Yazdi’ that have grown on a commercial orchard in Ardakan, Iran were selected during the 2017–2018 growing seasons. Five levels of potassium spraying treatments were used. The foliar spray treatments included: 250 and 500 mg/l potassium nitrate; 250 and 500 mg/l potassium silicate and distilled water (control). The foliar spray was carried out two times. The first stage was after the conversion of most of the flowers to the fruit and when fruits reached about walnut size, from June to July, and the second stage of the foliar application was at the end of the fruit growth, in mid-September. At the time of the harvest, healthy fruits were taken from the middle of the crown of each tree in different directions, and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the harvested fruits were analyzed. Physicochemical properties such as fruit and total aril weight, seed dry weight, peel fresh weight, fruit volume and juice, soluble solids concentration (SSC), maturity index, color, total phenol content, and vitamin C were investigated. Results and Discussion:Results showed that all of foliar treatments increased fruit volume and weight, total aril weight, fruit juice, and color and decreased seed dry weight, compared to control treatment (without nutrient treatment). KNO3 (250 mg/l) increased SSC and maturity index and 500 mg/l KNO3 increased both valuable characteristics: total phenol and vitamin C content. Also potassium silicate improved vitamin C content compared to the control treatment. Conclusion: The nitrogen in potassium nitrate increases the amount of the carbohydrate reserves that affects the fruit growth and development, thus reducing water stress and competition between fruits, which leads to the increased growth and development of fruits. The use of foliar application of potassium silicate has many advantages in enhancing the leaf area and improving the efficiency of photosynthesis and increasing the plant's ability to increase growth and yield and to increase strength, and reduce temperature stress. Therefore, according to these results, and due to the increasing global desire to use pomegranate fruit because of its high nutritional value, foliar application of potassium nitrate and silicate is recommended in pomegranate orchards.

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Volume & Issue: Volume 43, Issue 4, December 2021, Pages 467-534

Adventitious Root Development and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation by Auxin in Cichorium intybus L

Abstract

Effect of Iron-Amino Acid Chelates on Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value of Soybean

Abstract

Bioactivity of Methanolic Leaves and Stem Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. From Southeast of Marivan

Abstract

Effect of Elemental Sulphur on Calcium Uptake and Translocation in Maize Grown in a High pH soil of Malaysia

Abstract

Effect of Seed Treatment on Physiological Traits of Two Safflower Cultivars under Defoliation

Abstract

The Dose Response and Mutation Induction by Gamma Ray in Vicia Faba Cv. Saraziri

Abstract

Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate and Silicate Can Improve the Fruit Quality of Pomegranate cv. ‘Malase Yazdi’

Abstract