تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

بررسی اثر پاکلوبوترازول و یونیکونازول بر ویژگی‌های کمی و فیتوشیمیایی میوۀ لایم‌کوات رقم تاوارس (x Citrofortunella hybrid cv. Tavares Limequat) در شرایط تونل بلند

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - میوه کاری

نویسندگان
مریم ستوده
مهدی حدادی نژاد
حسین مرادی
مهناز کریمی
گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
10.22055/ppd.2025.48763.2246
چکیده
لایم‌کوات یک نوع دورگ بین دو جنس متفاوت از مرکبات شامل لیموترش مکزیکن Citrus spp. و کامکوات Fortunella spp. از خانوادۀ مرکبات (Rutaceae) است. تولید گلخانه‌ای این گیاه علاوه بر تأمین نیاز بازار داخلی، ظرفیت بالایی برای صادرات و ایجاد ارزش اقتصادی برای تولیدکنندگان دارد. در تولید گلخانه‌ای کنترل رشد رویشی درختان از چالش‌های اصلی محسوب می‌شود و نیازمند راهکارهای مدیریتی کارآمد است. یکی از این راهکارها، استفاده از کندکننده‌های رشد است که علاوه بر مهار رشد رویشی، می‌توانند بر ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی گیاه نیز تأثیرگذار باشند. در گلخانه‌­ای کنترل رشد رویشی درختان مشکل بوده و نیازمند راهکارهای مختلف می­‌باشد. یکی از راهکار­ها استفاده از کندکننده‌های رشد بوده که علاوه بر تأثیر رویشی می­‌تواند بر ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی گیاه نیز مؤثر باشد. به این ‌منظور، آزمایشی طی سال‌های ۱۴۰۰–۱۴۰۱ در یک تونل پلاستیکی بلند تجاری در روستای خرماکلا قائم‌شهر اجرا شد. در این پژوهش از درختان ۲۰ ماهۀ لایم‌کوات رقم Tavares روی پایۀ سیترنج استفاده شد. طرح آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار (هر تکرار یک درخت) اجرا شد. عامل‌های آزمایشی شامل دو کندکنندۀ رشد پاکلوبوترازول در چهار سطح (۰، ۳۰۰، ۶۰۰ و ۹۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و یونیکونازول در چهار سطح (۰، ۱۰، ۱۰۰ و ۱۰۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود. تیمارها پس از هرس زمستانه (اسفند) و هم‌زمان با شروع اولین جست در فروردین، در سه نوبت با فاصلۀ ۱۰ روز به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین طول (6/13 سانتی‌متر)، عرض (2/6 سانتی‌متر) و وزن خشک میوه (3/62 گرم) با کاربرد ۹۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر پاکلوبوترازول به دست آمد. همچنین بالاترین وزن‌تر میوه (47/68 گرم) و چگالی (0/106 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب) در تیمار هم‌زمان ۹۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر پاکلوبوترازول و ۱۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر یونیکونازول مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقادیر کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کاروتنوئید به‌ترتیب 95/1، 75/0 و 71/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن‌تر بودند که در تیمار ۹۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر پاکلوبوترازول به‌تنهایی حاصل شد. از سوی دیگر، یونیکونازول موجب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ، اسیدیته و مواد جامد محلول شد و بالاترین مقادیر این صفات در کاربرد هم‌زمان کندکننده‌ها مشاهده گردید. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان دادکاربرد کندکننده‌های رشد در کشت گلخانه‌ای لایم‌کوات نه‌تنها ابزاری مؤثر برای کنترل رشد رویشی است، بلکه با بهبود شاخص‌های فیتوشیمیایی و کیفی میوه (مانند رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، مواد جامد محلول و اسیدیته)، ارزش بازاری و پتانسیل صادراتی محصول را به‌طور قابل‌توجهی ارتقا می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شاخص طعم
محتوای کلروفیل
کندکننده رشد
وزن میوه
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on quantitative and phytochemical characteristics of limequat (x Citrofortunella hybrid cv. Tavares Limequat) fruit under high tunnel conditions

نویسندگان English

Maryam Sotoudeh
Mehdi Hadadinejad
Hossein Moradi
Mahnaz Karimi
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
The limequat a member of the Rutaceae, boasts numerous benefits and holds significant potential for agricultural production. Cultivating limequat in controlled greenhouse environments not only addresses the internal market demands but also opens avenues for exporting this fruit, thus generating economic advantages for local farmers. Despite its promising prospects, managing the vegetative growth of limequats in greenhouses presents challenges that necessitate innovative solutions. One effective approach is the use of growth retardants, which can not only regulate vegetative growth but also influence the phytochemical properties of the plants.
Materials and Methods
 This study investigates the effects of growth retardants on the phytochemical characteristics of limequat. The experiment was conducted in a commercial high tunnel located in the village of Khormakla, Qaemshahr, during 2022-2023. The limequat (cv. Tavares) chosen for this research were 20 months old and grafted onto citrange rootstocks. The greenhouse setup comprised three rows, each containing 20 limequat  trees. The experiment followed a factorial layout designed as a completely randomized design, involving two growth retardants: paclobutrazol and uniconazole. Paclobutrazol was applied at four different concentrations: 0, 300, 600, and 900 mg of the active ingredient per liter, derived from the commercial formulation known as Coltar (which contains 25% active ingredient). Uniconazole was also applied at four levels: 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg per liter. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replicate involving one tree per treatment. The application of these growth retardants occurred via foliar spraying in three stages, with ten-day intervals, initiated in mid-April, coinciding with the onset of the plant's first bud growth, following manual pruning conducted in early March. To conduct the necessary analyses, samples were collected and transferred to the horticultural laboratory at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in Sari.
Results and Discussion
Analysis of the reproductive traits revealed that the application of paclobutrazol, either alone or in combination with uniconazole, significantly improved fruit characteristics. The highest fruit length (13.6 cm), fruit width (6.2 cm), and fruit dry weight (62.3 g) were recorded with the application of 900 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol alone. In contrast, the combined application of 900 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol and 100 mg L⁻¹ uniconazole produced the highest fruit fresh weight (47.68 g) and fruit density (0.106 g cm⁻³). Similarly, the application of 900 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol alone resulted in the highest concentrations of chlorophyll a (1.95 mg g⁻¹ FW), chlorophyll b (0.75 mg g⁻¹ FW), and carotenoids (0.71 mg g⁻¹ FW). Uniconazole application enhanced relative water content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids, while the combined treatment of paclobutrazol and uniconazole produced the highest values for these quality-related traits. Overall, paclobutrazol applied individually was more effective in increasing photosynthetic pigment concentrations, whereas the combined application of paclobutrazol and uniconazole had a greater positive effect on fruit quality attributes, particularly the flavor index.
Conclusion
 In conclusion, the application of the growth retardants paclobutrazol and uniconazole significantly influenced the physiological, biochemical, and reproductive performance of limequat plants grown under high tunnel conditions. These treatments improved relative water content and enhanced the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, leading to reduced vegetative growth while promoting photosynthetic efficiency. Consequently, improvements were observed in fruit yield and quality, including enhanced reproductive traits and phytochemical characteristics. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the strategic use of paclobutrazol, either alone or in combination with uniconazole, represents an effective approach for improving the productivity and fruit quality of limequat cultivated in protected production systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Chlorophyll content
Fruit weight
Growth retardant
Taste index
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 49، شماره 2
تابستان 1405
صفحه 303-319