تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر عملکرد کاملینا (.Camelina sativa L) در شرایط قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
3 پژوهشگر، دانشکدۀ علوم زیستی، دانشگاه استرالیای غربی، پرت، استرالیا
چکیده
ایران دارای اقلیم خشک و نیمه‌خشک است که کشت و کار گیاهان متحمل و استفاده از روش‌های مقابله با تنش کم‌آبی در آن دارای اهمیت فراوانی است. کاملینا، گیاه دانه روغنی از خانوادۀ براسیکاسه و متحمل به شرایط نامناسب محیطی است که دانه‌های آن دارای کیفیت مطلوبی در تغذیۀ انسان و خوراک دام می­باشد. کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد، روشی سازگار با محیط‌زیست جهت بهبود اثرهای نامطلوب حاصل از تنش کم‌آبی در گیاهان می‌باشد. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی توانایی باکتری‌های محرک رشد در بهبود شرایط رشدی کاملینا تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعۀ پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان در سال زراعی 1401-1400 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به­عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ گل‌دهی و قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ خورجین‌دهی) در کرت‌های اصلی و شش سطح باکتری (عدم کاربرد باکتری، Pseudomonas aeruginosa،Pseudomonas fluorescens،  Bacillus subtilis:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens، مخلوط باکتری‌ها) در کرت‌های فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ داده­ها ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ برهم کنش باکتری و آبیاری ﺑﺮ صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد خورجین در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست توده، درصد و عملکرد روغن ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ عملکرد دانه و زیست توده ﻧﺸﺎن داد که با افزایش شدت تنش آبی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده کاهش یافت و در قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ  گل‌دهی، به ترتیب 40 و 36/7 درصد و در قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ خورجین‌دهی، به ترتیب 18/4 و 14/5 درصد نسبت به آبیاری کامل کاهش مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1285کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد زیست توده (5832 کیلوگرم در هکتار) ازکاربرد باکتری Bacillus subtilis در شرایط آبیاری کامل به دست آمد. در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ گل‌دهی، کاربرد مخلوط باکتری‌ها با عملکرد دانه 813 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد زیست توده3882 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به عدم کاربرد باکتری، برتری 27 درصدی داشت. همچنین در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ گل‌دهی، بیشترین عملکرد روغن (286 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کاربرد مخلوط باکتری‎ها حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد افزایش 34/2 درصدی داشت. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، کاربرد باکتری Bacillus subtilis در شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ‌ خورجین‌دهی مؤثرتر از سایر تیمارها عمل کرد و در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ‌ گل‌دهی، مخلوط باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه نسبت به کاربرد به تنهایی آن‌ها اثر بیشتری در تحمل به شرایط قطع آبیاری در زراعت کاملینا داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield of Camelina sativa L. under irrigation cut-off conditions

نویسندگان English

Laleh Parvin 1
Aydin Khodaei Joghan 1
Ahmad Kouchekzadeh 1
Mohammadreza Moradi Telavat 1
Mohammad Hamed Ghodoum Parizipour 2
Aria Dolatabadian 3
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Research Fellow, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
چکیده English

Introduction
 Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate, making the cultivation of stress-tolerant crops and the use of strategies to mitigate water stress particularly important. Camelina, an oilseed crop from the Brassicaceae family, is tolerant to unfavorable environmental conditions, and its seeds possess desirable nutritional qualities for both human consumption and animal feed. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria represents an environmentally friendly approach to alleviating the adverse effects of water stress in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve the growth and yield performance of camelina under drought stress conditions.
Materials and Methods
 The experiment was conducted as a split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during the 2021–2022 growing season. The experimental factors included different irrigation levels (A: normal irrigation as the control, B: irrigation cut off at the flowering stage, and C: irrigation cut off at the pod formation stage) in the main plots, and different bacterial applications (non-application, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and mixtures of Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains) in the subplots. 
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance showed that the interaction between irrigation and bacterial treatments was significant for plant height, number of siliques per plant, seed yield, biological yield, seed oil percentage, and oil yield. As water stress intensified, both seed and biological yields decreased. Irrigation cut off at the flowering stage reduced seed and biological yields by 40% and 36.7%, respectively, while irrigation cut off at the pod formation stage reduced them by 18.4% and 14.5% compared with normal irrigation. The highest seed yield (1285 kg ha⁻¹) and biological yield (5832 kg ha⁻¹) were obtained with Bacillus subtilis under normal irrigation. Under irrigation cut off at the flowering stage, application of the bacterial mixture increased seed yield to 813 kg ha⁻¹ and biological yield to 3882 kg ha⁻¹, representing a 27% improvement compared with the control. In the same treatment, the highest oil yield (286 kg ha⁻¹) was achieved with the bacterial mixture, corresponding to a 34.2% increase over the control. Overall, Bacillus subtilis was more effective under normal irrigation and mild stress at the pod formation stage, whereas the bacterial mixture proved more effective under severe stress (flowering stage), enhancing the tolerance of camelina to irrigation withholding more than individual bacterial strains.
Conclusion
The results suggest that under normal irrigation and irrigation cut off at the podding stage, inoculation with Bacillus subtilis significantly increased camelina seed and biological yields compared with other treatments. Under irrigation cut off at the flowering stage, the bacterial mixture produced the highest increases in seed and biological yields. Overall, the use of a mixture of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was more effective in enhancing tolerance to severe drought stress than the application of individual strains. These findings highlight the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for improving camelina productivity under water-limited conditions, offering valuable implications for arid and semi-arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Drought stress
Microbial biostimulants
Oil seed crops
Seed yield
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