Plant Productions - Articles in Press

Optimizing Micro Propagation of Red Flesh Apple Genotype

Nooshin Kazemi; Mohammad Esmaiil Amiri; Maryam Jaffarkhani Kermani; Zahra sadat Hosseini

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 337-348

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26409.1649

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Red flesh apple belongs to Malus niedzwetzkyana of Rosaceae family. It has high levels of important phytochemicals like antioxidants, flavonoids ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Red flesh apple belongs to Malus niedzwetzkyana of Rosaceae family. It has high levels of important phytochemicals like antioxidants, flavonoids and anthocyanins in its cortex, which, in addition to attractiveness, is a source of benefit compound. The aim of the present investigation was to optimize efficient protocols for micro propagation of red flesh apple in order to use the results in future breeding strategies. Materials and Methods During the early spring, stem cuttings of growing red flesh apple trees were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol and 50% sodium hypochlorite. Then, sterilized samples were placed in the test tubes containing MS medium supplemented with 2 µM BAP. At the proliferation stage, interactive effects of BAP (0, 2, 4, 6 mM) and GA3 (0, 3, 6 mM) on various aspects of proliferation (multiplication rate and vegetative growth characteristics such as number of produced shoots per explant, shoots length, leaf numbers, and the fresh and dry weight of explants) were investigated. At rooting stage, the effect of different concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 1, 2, 3,4 µM) on the percentage of rooting, number of roots per explant and length of roots were compared. At acclimatization stage, the plantlets were transferred into pots with a volume of 200 ml containing sterile compound at the greenhouse condition. Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of various concentrations of BAP and GA3 on micro propagation of red flesh apple. The best result in proliferation (7.9 of axillary shoots after 8 months) was obtained from explants that were cultured in the medium containing 4 mM BAP and 3 mM GA3. At rooting stage, the maximum rooting percentage (85.2%) was obtained in the medium containing 3 mM IBA. In addition, rooted explants from IBA treatments were successfully acclimatized (100%) in the greenhouse, but rooted explants in NAA treatments were weak in acclimatized stage (40%). Discussion Measuring the growth rate is the major economic parameter for successful plant production at in vitro conditions, which is usually characterized by the number of axillary shoots, number of regenerated leaves and increase in the length of shoots and fresh and dry weight. We obtained the highest growth rate of red flesh apple in the culture medium containing 4 μM of BAP. The efficiency of BAP as an important cytokinin in apple proliferation has been reported in other studies as well. The results of the present investigation showed that highest rooting percentage was obtained from culture medium containing 3 μM of IBA. In addition, morphology of roots varied in callus formation and longitudinal growth and the samples rooted in IBA treatments had stronger roots than the rooted samples in NAA treatments. It seems that exposure to NAA instead of IBA stimulates indirect organogenesis and produced undesirable side effects on roots, such as callus formation, which can cause plantlets weakness during the period of acclimatization.

Micro Propagation of Penta Rootstock (Prunus domestica) in the Two Culture Media (MS and B5)

Ziba Balapoor; Hossein Hosseini Moghaddam; Mehdi zarei; mehdi Mollashahi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 441-454

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.24937.1570

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Culture medium and growth regulators type can influence the growth traits and for determining the most effective medium and hormone compositions ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Culture medium and growth regulators type can influence the growth traits and for determining the most effective medium and hormone compositions an extensive studies are needed; otherwise the culture medium may have a negative effect on the growth traits. In this research the effects of two culture media (B5 and MS) supplemented with two growth regulators (IBA and BAP) with different concentrations (0.5, 0.9, and 1.5 for IBA and 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/l for BAP) alone or in combination was evaluated. Studied traits were number of leaf per shoot, shoot length, number of regenerated shoots based on completely random plan with 5 replications. Materials and Methods Explants provided in the beginning of spring from mother plants growing in open environment. Shoot tips and axillary buds (0.3-0.4 cm long) used as the explants. After washing with tap water, explants were immersed in ethylic alcohol for few seconds (3-4 seconds) then immersed in mercuric chloride (0.005 W/V) for 5 minutes which supplemented with few drops of tween 20 and finally washed three times with sterile distilled water. Disinfected explants cultured on medium under air laminar flow bench. Growth chamber was adjusted to 16 hours light and 25 to 27ᵒC. Results The results of variance analysis demonstrated significant differences between media, hormone level and interaction between hormone concentrations for traits studied. The results showed the longest shoot (6.39 cm) and the highest shoot number (13.65) obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.8 and 0.4 mg/l BAP respectively. In this experiment the highest root number (8.41) and root length (14.75 cm) was observed in B5 and MS medium containing 0.9 and 1.5 mg/l, IBA. Discussion Overall the most shoot proliferation of this rootstock occurred in MS medium. New shoots in MS medium showed normal and better growth comparing to shoots obtained in B5 medium, that can be one of the results of higher amount of nitrogen (ammonium nitrite) in MS medium. In B5 medium with all hormone treatments weak growth observed for this plant. In fact this medium was made for herbaceous plants and this is one of the main reasons why penta rootstock did not showed good growth symptoms on this medium.

Expression Analysis of the Key Genes Involved in Biosynthesis Pathway of Major Component of Ziziphora persica Bunge Essential Oil under Drought Stress

Mozhdeh Jalilifar; Khosro Mehdikhanlou; Lila Nejadsadeghi; Qing-Yan Shu

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 463-474

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.39743.2007

Abstract

Introduction Iranian Kakoti (Ziziphora persica Bunge) which belongs to the mint genus is widely distributed in Iran. In some parts of Iran, it is used as a spice and condiment in food. ... Read More Introduction Iranian Kakoti (Ziziphora persica Bunge) which belongs to the mint genus is widely distributed in Iran. In some parts of Iran, it is used as a spice and condiment in food. Iranian Kakoti is also a medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Iranian Kakoti is used in traditional medicine as a stomach disinfectant and cold remedy. Since the effect of stresses on the increase of secondary metabolites of plants has been proven, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drought stress on the secondary metabolites of Iranian Kakoti in comparison with normal conditions by assessment of the expression of genes which are related to the most important secondary metabolites of the studied plant. In previous studies, it was found that pulegone has the largest share among the metabolites produced in this plant. Materials and Methods Using the KEGG database, the metabolic pathway and genes involved in the production of the pulegone include the four key genes Isopiperitenol dehydrogenase, Limonene synthase, limonene hydroxylase and Isopiperitenone reductase were identified. Due to the lack of genomic information of Iranian Kakoti, the sequence of the four studied genes was predicted by the sequences of these genes in families close to this plant. The predicted sequences were used for primer design. The plants were cultivated under drought stress and normal conditions. The stress condition was achieved by reaching 30% Field Capacity. After observing phenotypic changes due to stress, the amount of proline and also Leaf relative water content (RWC) measured for the plants in both control and stress condition to confirm the accruing of the stress. Then leaf samples were collected. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The quantity and quality of the obtained RNA were evaluated by Nanodrop and gel electrophoresis. The qualified RNA samples were used for cDNA synthesis according to the manufacturer's protocols. Then the comparing the genes expression under drought stress with the control sample was performed. Results and Discussion In response to drought stress, leaf RWC was decreased to 31% in the plants under stress condition and proline levels increased by 1.9-fold compared to control value. Analysis of real-time PCR data showed that. The expressions of limonene synthase, limonene hydroxylase, Isopiperitenon dehydrogenase, Isopiperitenon reductase were increased 115, 400, 50 and 120 folds compared to control respectively. Conclusion The measurement of leaf RWC and proline were found to be beneficial methods to detection of incidence of drought stress in plant. The expression of genes involved in pulegone synthesis compared to the control plants changes with drought stress. The implement of drought stress is a useful method to increase essential oil in Iranian Kakoti.

Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Response to Different Irrigation Regimes and Spraying of Zn and Mn Nano-Fertilizers

Majid Ghanbari; Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli; Kamran Mansour Ghanaei-Pashaki; Parniyan Talebi-Siah Saran

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 475-488

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.33041.1886

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual plant belonging to the genus Helianthus and Astraceae (Kazi et al., 2002). Among abiotic stresses, drought stress is ... Read More AbstractIntroductionSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual plant belonging to the genus Helianthus and Astraceae (Kazi et al., 2002). Among abiotic stresses, drought stress is considered to be the most influential type of stress in the production of oil seeds in the world and can greatly reduce production on many arable lands. One of the primary effects of drought is the reduction of water content of plant tissues (Ghanbari et al., 2016). Nutrient spraying is one of the common methods of supplying nutrients to higher plants, whose efficiency is greater than soil fertilizer use when soil conditions are poor (Hay and Porter, 2006). Mn, as an activating factor in many enzymes, especially the enzymes involved in photosynthetic processes in plants. Manganese deficiency reduces growth, causing necrosis, and early fall of leaves (Tewari et al., 2005). Zn acts as part of the enzyme structure or as a cofactor. It is used to make RNA, DNA metabolism of carbohydrates, oils and proteins (Shahrokhi et al., 2012). To investigate the effect of Zn Nano-fertilizer in combination with Mn Nano-fertilizer on improving sunflower resistance under water deficit conditions by measuring changes in yield, yield components and biochemical properties of sunflower were studied here to see the reults Materials and MethodsThis research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lahijan Agricultural Jihad Research Farm in 2019. Factorial combinations of four treatments of water deficit stress (15% (un-stressed control), 30% (mild stress), 45% (moderate stress) and 60% (severe stress) of FC depletion) and four spraying (Control (distilled water), Zn, Mn and Zn+Mn Nano-fertilizer) with 4 mg.l-1 concentration were examined. Drip irrigation (T-tape) applied the row length in each experimental plot was 6 m, 50 cm apart. The distance between the plots and between the repetitions was 1 and 3.5 m, respectively. Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that the interaction between irrigation regime and spraying was significant in harvest index, peroxidase, seed protein, seed oil and oil yield; in other traits the main effects were significant. Co-application of Zn and Mn Nano-chelates in panicle and stem diameter, grain yield, photosynthesis rate and protein yield increased by 26.69, 29.77, 34.37, 61.30 and 57.17%, respectively. Spraying of zinc and manganese nano-chelates also improved grain yield and protein yield by 17.86 and 36.68%, respectively, under severe stress conditions. ConclusionIn general, it can be concluded that the application of Zn and Mn Nano-fertilizers is effective in increasing grain yield, protein and oil yield and photosynthesis under stress conditions and it is very effective in resistance to sunflower plant by reducing the activity of stress enzymes and reducing severe yield loss. Finally, co-application of zinc and manganese Nano-fertilizers depending on the stress areas is recommended for optimal performance under drought stress condition.

Effect of Iron-Amino Acid Chelates on Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value of Soybean

Mahboobeh Jalali

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 477-486

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30728.1810

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Supplying a sufficient amount of available iron (Fe) for plant growth in hydroponic nutrient solutions is a great challenge. There are various Fe fertilizers to ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Supplying a sufficient amount of available iron (Fe) for plant growth in hydroponic nutrient solutions is a great challenge. There are various Fe fertilizers to eliminate iron deficiency in crops. The chelators commonly used to supply Fe in nutrient solutions have several disadvantages and may negatively affect plant growth. The objective of the current paper was to evaluate the effects of some various Fe- chelates, (Fe-arginine, Fe-glycine, Fe-histidine, Fe-lysine, Fe-glutamine and Fe-EDTA) on the physiological properties and nutraceutical potential of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in nutrient solution. Materials and Methods:The experiments had a randomized complete block design with three replications and the treatments were arranged in factorial combination. The plants were grown in a greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture at Lorestan University in 2018. In this study, Fe- chelates were synthesized. Then, soybean seeds were sterilized and germinated in 11 μm filter paper. Seven-day seedlings were transplanted into perlite and watered regularly with distilled water for a week. Then, Two-pair leaflet seedlings were placed in continuously aerated solution under controlled conditions of the greenhouse. Six different iron treatments (at Fe level=50 µM) were applied including: Fe-EDTA, Fe-arginine, Fe-Glycine, Fe-histidine, Fe-glutamine, and Fe-lysine. The plant leaves were collected at 10-leaves stages. The seed collection was done in the maturity of harvest (R8). Afterwards, physiological parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity and seeds quantity and quality were measured. Results and Discussion:Fe-amino acid application significantly (P£0.05) enhanced root and shoot dry matter yield, total chlorophyll content, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, seed protein content, seed oil content, oleic acid, and number of seeds in each pod in comparison with Fe-EDTA treatment. The maximum chlorophyll content, seed protein and seed oil were observed in the Fe-glycine treatment (increased by 66.25%, 103.48% and 85.11%, respectively compared to that of control). Concentrations of ferritin, iron, zinc, and nitrogen in soybean seeds were also higher in Fe-amino acid chelate treatments compared to Fe-EDTA. The effect of Fe-amino acid chelates on the Fe content in seeds was in the order Fe-glycine> Fe-glutamine> Fe-lysine> Fe-histidine> Fe-arginine. Catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6)and ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) significantly (P£0.05) increased in all Fe-amino acid chelates treatments compared to Fe-EDTA treatment. Conclusion: According to the results, Fe-amino acid chelates could provide the required amount of iron to soybean and this resulted in seed quality enhancement. Therefore, Fe-amino acids can be used as more efficient fertilizers than Fe-EDTA in nutrient solution, and they can be used as an alternative to Fe-EDTA to supply Fe in nutrient solutions.

The Effect of Heat Treatment and UV-C Radiation on Biochemical Compounds, Enzymatic Activity and Decay Rate of Thomson Novell orange fruit

Shohreh Zivdar; Naser Alemzadeh Ansari; Hossein Fereydoni; Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab; Mohammad Hossein Razzaghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 September 2022

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.39210.2002

Abstract

IntroductionCitrus is one of the most important horticultural products that is mainly produced in the subtropical regions of the world. Citrus fruits are susceptible to a number of ... Read More IntroductionCitrus is one of the most important horticultural products that is mainly produced in the subtropical regions of the world. Citrus fruits are susceptible to a number of fungal diseases that cause significant losses in the citrus industry in the post harvest stage. Worldwide, diseases have been primarily controlled for many years by the application of conventional fungicides. However, human health risks and environmental contamination associated with chemical residues and the proliferation of resistant strains of the pathogens are major problems associated with the continuous and widespread use of conventional post harvest fungicides. Heat and UV radiation treatments are the most common physical means used to control post harvest diseases of fresh fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV-C radiation and Hot Air Flow (HAF) treatment on decay control and some biochemical properties in Thomson navel oranges at cold storage. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, the effects of heat treatments (37 °C for 24 hours), UV radiation (7.92 kJ / m2) and combination treatment (HAF*UV) on the storage life of Thomson oranges were investigated. The statistical model of factorial experiment was in the form of a completely randomized design in which two factors of storage time and treatments were considered. After treatment, the fruits were stored at 5 ° C for 90 days during the storage period, the percentage of decay, fruit weight loss, and some biochemical properties and enzymatic activity were investigated. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SAS software and the mean data were compared using Duncan's multiple range test at a five percent probability level using MSTATC software.Results and discussion:In this study, the effect of UV-C radiation and hot air flow on the rate of decay, weight loss, biochemical characteristics and activity of a number of enzymes involved in the oxidation of Thomson Novel orange fruit was investigated.Treatments included control (no application of any treatment) radiation (UV-C radiation with an intensity of 7. 98 KJ m2), hot air (hot air 37 °C for 24 hours) and combination (UV-C + hot air) which in The four storage times of zero, 30, 60 and 90 days were examined in factorial format based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that radiation and heat treatment effectively reduced fruit rot . the lowest and highest percentage of cumulative rot was observed in the combined treatment with an average of 3.8% and the control treatment with an average of 12.7%, respectively.The control treatment and the combined treatment with the average of 5.68 and 2.94, respectively, had the highest and lowest fruit weight loss. During fruit storage, TSS, TA, TSS/TA and pH increased and TA decreased The amount of ascorbic acid in fruits treated with hot air flow with an average of 35.54 mg per 100 g of fresh material was higher than the control treatment with an average of 30.67 mg per 100 g of fresh material. Antioxidant activity increased at the beginning of the period, however, the treatments did not have a significant effect on inhibiting DPPH radical activity in fruit flesh The amount of total phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity in fruit flesh under the influence of heat treatment, initially increased with the period, which the enzyme activity decreased with increasing storage time. According to the evaluated traits, heat and combination treatment succeeded in reducing the rate of rot and increasing the biochemical properties of the fruit during storage, so it can be considered as a suitable practical option.

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Estimated Extinction Coefficient, Radiation Use Efficiency and Dry Matter Distribution Coefficients Cultivar Hyola 401 of Canola in Ahvaz

hossein kamaei; Gh. Fathi; A.R. Abdali Mashhadi; J. Porreza; M.H. Gharine

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 21-34

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11952

Abstract

Background and Objectives Canola crops has a special place due to specific features among crop plants and it has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. During the period ... Read More Background and Objectives Canola crops has a special place due to specific features among crop plants and it has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. During the period before flowering, it is observed that 72 to 83% of the total dry matter in leaves and 17 to 28% accumulates in the stem. In the period post flowering, most dry matter is (50% to 56%) in the stems that most this the material of the leaves will be obtained that they have to 8 to 11 % the total dry matter in the course. At the maturity stage, stems and pods are included 46 to 51% and 49 to 59% of the dry matter respectively. Canola reaches in time of flowering to LAI maximum and then gradually reduced LAI so that at harvest time reaches almost to zero. K value for the products with mainly vertical leaves, or with leaves coincided together that have found host state, is variable between 0.3 to 0.45. The RUE is for winter canola 1.2 and for spring canola 1.5 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. This amount at time of filling grain arrives to about 0.4 to 0.75 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. This experiment is to investigate share different organs canola cultivar Hyola 401 from allocation dry matter and obtain baseline K and RUE occurred in Ahvaz conditions. Materials and methods This experiment done to form factorial whit two factors planting date in three levels (November 29, December 19 and January 8) and the density at four levels (50, 70, 90 and 110 plants per square meter) in randomized complete block design with 4 replications in the 2011-2012 crop year. To measure the relation incoming radiation used from the vertical imaging. Due to having relation incoming radiation for determine the K used from the equation FI= l - exp(-k×LAl). RUE obtained from line slope of dry matter accumulation againts the cumulative radiation received. In order to describe the trend changes LAI againts the days after planting used from the equation LAl= ((a×exp((-a)×(dap-b)×c))/(l-exp((-a)×(dap-b)))2. In order to describe the distribution rate of dry matter in different plant organs from stem elongation to flowering, flowering to pod filling and pod filling to maturity stages used from the equation y=bx. Results The results showed that with increasing density, LAI rising. In addition, with delay in planting LAI showed a decreasing trend. K values obtained between the different planting dates and plant density did not show significant differences and the value it for the photosynthetically active radiation canola cultivar Hyola 401was 0.39. In addition, RUE values Obtained about 0.92 g/MJ. Effect of plant density on dry matter distribution was more than planting date. Discussion Increase in LAI by increased density can be considered due to increasing the number of plants and Increase the number of leaves. Reduce the LAI by delayed planting can be considered due to Shorten the growth period and increase in day length and temperature. Lower effect planting date than plant density on dry matter distribution canola cultivar Hyola 401 and as well as non-significance K and RUE in dates and different densities can perhaps be because climatic similarities of view day length and photoperiod and also low time interval between different planting dates.

Effect of zeolite on root dry matter and yield parameters of wheat in polluted soil by chemical weapons

A. Azogh; S.K.i Marashi; T. Babaeinejad

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 21-30

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13444

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and population growth, the use of lands affected by military weapons in order to produce foods for human is a critical necessity. One of the most effective factors on wheat yield management is the application of zeolite as a source of manure and monitoring heavy metal concentrations affected by this mineral. The best option is to use zeolites as inorganic fertilizers and also for monitoring polluted by the mineral elements. So, studying the effect of zeolite on yield characteristics of wheat in polluted soil with chemical weapons seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications where the treatments were polluted and non-polluted soil samples and four amounts of zeolite (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 % w/w). Results The results showed that the effect of zeolite on root dry matter was significant in polluted and non-polluted soils. The most amount of applied zeolite led to increasing dry matter to 11.11 g/pot in polluted soil and 6.93 g/pot in non-polluted soil. Also, the effect of zeolite on 1000-grain weight in polluted and non-polluted soils was significant. The maximum 1000-grain weight was observed in 2.5 % zeolite in polluted soil and the minimum was observed in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil. Effect of zeolite treatment on number of grains per spikelet and number of spikelet per spike was not significant in non-polluted soil. Results of this experiment showed that the effect of zoelite on grain yield in polluted and non-polluted soil was significant. The maximum grain yield was observed in 2.5% zeolite treatment with 63.2 g/pot and the minimum was obtained in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil with 8.8 g/pot. Discussion In general, the zeolite has a significant effect on agronomic traits and yield of wheat. That was due to favorable physical and chemical properties, such as porosity, air permeability, cation exchange capacity, enhancing the long-term availability of nutrients and trapping heavy metals of bombs and weapons and reducing the negative impact of these elements in the soil, which lead to plant health.

The effect of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)

H. Neamati; M. Azizi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 23-34

Abstract

This experiment investigated the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera ... Read More

Evaluation of yield and fruit quality of hydroponically cultured greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L., Cv. Synda ) under partial root zone drying (PRD) conditions

M. Mousavi rahimi; M. Delshad; A. Liaghat

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 23-36

Abstract

Limitation of high quality water made it necessary to find suitable methods of irrigating management. Reduce of water waste, increase of yield and even controlled water stresses are ... Read More

Evaluating the effects of water quality and ammonium sulfateon glyphosate herbicide efficiency in weed control of a barberry (Berberis vulgaris) garden

P. Yadegar Khosravieh; S.V. Eslami; M. Jami ALahmadi; E. Zand

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 23-34

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of water quality and adjuvant (ammonium sulfate) in glyphosate herbicide efficiency, a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was conducted ... Read More

Evaluation of Reaction Soybean Cultivars to Differences of Planting Dates in North of Khouzestan Conditions

S.A K; J D; S S

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 23-41

Abstract

In order to study the effects of planting date on yield of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Safiabad. The design was a strip plot based ... Read More

The effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) and green pruning on yield and quality of Thompson seedless grape

A. Taherkhani; A. Golchin

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 25-38

Abstract

Partial root zone drying (PRD) is a new irrigation technique which improves water use efficiency without significant yield reduction. To study the effects of partial root zone drying ... Read More

The effect of gibberllic acid and bed substrate on seed germination and Seedling characteristics of Persian Cyclamen (C.persicum)

O. Mohammadi; S.N. Mortazavi; J. Mohammadi; H.R. Angourani

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 25-33

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of Gibberellic acid and bed substrate on germination and different traites of Persian cyclamen (C.persicum), an experiment was conducted in 2008 at Zanjan ... Read More

The effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid, thiamine and benzyl adenine on growth, flowering and some biochemical characteristics of marigold (tagetes erecta L.)

H. Hosseini; H. Farahmand; V. Saffari

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11251

Abstract

It is important to determine ways to increase flower quality, flowering period and some other characters related to bedding plants performance. Thus, a CRD-based factorial experiment ... Read More

Study of Drought and Salinity Stress Effect on Some Physiological Characters of Two Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Varieties in Ahvaz

F. Yousefi; P. Hassibi; H. Roshanfekr; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 25-34

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11830

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the sole and combined effects of drought and salinity stresses on some physiological characters of two canola varieties in Ahvaz as outdoor ... Read More

Evaluation of Stability of Yield in Chickpea Using AMMI Model in Kermanshah

A Y; E F; M GH

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 25-37

Abstract

Presence of genotype × environment (GE) interaction necessitates evaluations in a wide range of environments to find desirable genotypes. This study was carried out to determine ... Read More

The Effects of Ethylene and 1-MCP on Storability of Pomegranate Fruit cv. ‘Malase Yosef Khani’

O. Khademi; S.M. Hosseini Molla; D. Talei; E. Sepahvand

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.13114

Abstract

Background and Objectives Pomegranate is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, so it is considered as insensitive to ethylene. However, in some other non-climacteric fruit it has been ... Read More Background and Objectives Pomegranate is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, so it is considered as insensitive to ethylene. However, in some other non-climacteric fruit it has been shown that ethylene accelerates senescence or increase chilling injury symptoms during postharvest life. In this study, to determine the sensitiveness of pomegranate fruit to ethylene, the effects of ethylene and 1-MCP (as an ethylene inhibitor material) treatments were investigated on the pomegranate storability. Material and Methods Pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase Yousef Khani’ was harvested at the ripening stage (full aril coloring) from an orchard near Saveh city, and treated following treatments; 2 μL/L ethylene for 48 hours, 1 μL/L 1-MCP for 24 hours, and 2 μL/L 1-MCP for 24 hours as well as a combination of 2 μL/L 1-MCP and μL/L ethylene treatments. Fruit without any treatment was put as control. The treatments were applied inside the polyethylene container. Then the treated fruits were stored at 4°C and 90% RH for up to 3 month. The fruits were removed from storage in 1, 2 and 3 months of storage and after 3 days keeping at room temperature as shelf life was analyzed. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Shahed University in 2016. Results Results showed that ethylene treated fruits, as compared to 1-MCP treated fruit (even in presence of ethylene in combination treatment) had less fruit and aril marketability, as well as less firmness, ion leakage, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity, whilst this fruit had more weight loss than 1-MCP treated fruits. Ethylene treated fruit had also less fruit and aril marketability, and less antioxidant capacity than control fruit. The control fruit had less fruit and aril marketability, ion leakage, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity than 1-MCP fruits. Discussions According to these results, pomegranate fruit was sensitive to ethylene and its postharvest loss, such as chilling injury symptoms, electro leakage, and antioxidants reduction was accelerated by presence of ethylene around the fruit. On the other hand, since in the most measured characteristics, control fruit had a lower quality than 1-MCP treated fruit, it seems that pomegranate is very sensitive to ethylene and even low level of internal ethylene is enough to accelerate the postharvest loss of this fruit. Therefore, removal of ethylene from the pomegranate storage, or using the anti ethylene materials such as 1-MCP can be effective in increasing posthrevst life of pomegranate fruit.

Efficacy of some calcium salts foliar spray on growth and biochemical parameters of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

M. Ghesmati; F. Moradinezhad; M. Khayat

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.21173.1447

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. Normally about one week after harvesting, a considerable loss occurs in picked fruits. Plant nutrition, during growth and developmental stages influence the quality of many fruits. Calcium is one of the most important elements that can affect quantity, quality, storability and market of many horticultural crops. Although South Khorasan province is located in arid areas, it has lime soils with enough calcium for plant growth and development. However, due to low mobility of calcium from soil to plant, calcium deficiency is common in horticultural plants. Thus, pre-harvest spray with minerals like calcium salts can be useful for reducing postharvest losses during handling and storage. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different calcium salts spray on physicochemical properties and quality of fresh jujube fruit. Materials and Methods Twenty jujube trees, eight years old, were sprayed with calcium salts twice, mid of June and early in July 2016 in a commercial orchard in Birjand, South Khorasan province. Experimental treatments were distilled water (control), calcium chloride (0.5 and 1%) and calcium nitrate (0.5 and 1%). Sprays were done at two stages of fruit growth and development, cell division (3 mm fruit diameter), and 20 days later in full cell enlargement stage. Fresh fruit was harvested at a crisp mature (white-red) stage early in August. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised block design with four replications, and each replicate included 500 g of fresh fruit. Data were analysed using SAS program (ver. 8) and comparison of means was made with LSD test at 1 and 5% probability. Results Physiochemical properties of harvested fruit including fresh fruit weight, dry matter, fruit length and diameter, firmness, total soluble solids, pH, carotenoids, total phenol, and calcium content were evaluated. The results showed that calcium nitrate application at 0.5% significantly increased fruit fresh weight, dry matter and fruit length and diameter compared to control. Also, fruits that were sprayed with calcium chloride at 0.5% concentration had higher firmness, carotenoids and total phenol. The highest total soluble solids and calcium content values were obtained in treated fruit with calcium chloride (1%). Although different calcium salts spray had no significant effect on juice pH. Discussion In general, it can be concluded that physical fruit parameters were affected by calcium nitrate, while calcium chloride spray had a greater impact on chemical and nutritional quality aspects of fruit. Although calcium chloride at 0.5% was more effective on chemical factors, however, it was not significantly different with calcium chloride 1% treatment. Among different treatments, calcium nitrate at 0.5% had the highest effect on physical properties of jujube fruit. Therefore, it can be concluded that spraying of jujube fruit trees during fruit growth and developmental stages with both calcium salts at 0.5% concentration have beneficial effects as they improve the most important physical and chemical parameters of fresh jujube fruit.

Optimization of in vitro Callus Induction and Somatic Embryogenesis of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Supplemented with 2,4-D and IAA

Sara Ahmadi; Kambiz Mashayekhi; Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh

Volume 43, Issue 1 , June 2020, , Pages 25-38

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26639.1635

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Horseradish has a male sterility that produces a small amount of seed with a low germination. It then propagates with root cuttings, which ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Horseradish has a male sterility that produces a small amount of seed with a low germination. It then propagates with root cuttings, which is also subject to a limited number of mother rootstocks. Therefore, the mass proliferation of this plant is important through tissue culture, especially somatic embryogenesis protocols. Somatic embryogenesis is a method to develop embryo via plant somatic cells during in vitro culture. The purpose of the present experiment is to find the best method for callus and somatic embryogenesis inducing horseradish, which is carried out in two B5 and NL media in both solid and liquid phases. Materials and Methods This research was carry out in the tissue culture lab of the department of horticultural sciences at gorgan university agricultural sciences and natural resources from 2016 to 2019. Calli are developed on callus induction media (B5 + 1 µM 2,4-D + 2 µM kin, NL + 1 µM IAA + 2 µM kin), and then transferred to somatic embryo induction phase (B5 + 3 µM 2,4-D + 4 µM kin, NL + 3 µM IAA + 4 µM kin) for 8 weeks. Elimination of IAA, 2,4-D and kin from induced calli done onto realization phase, and globular, heart and torpedo embryos observed 4 weeks later. Results Based on the results, the best surface sterilization was achieved by 70% ethanol for 30 seconds and 70% aqueous sodium hypochlorite (v/v) for 60 minutes. The callus and somatic embryo were observed in both solid and liquid B5 and NL media. In the study of callus induction, according to the measurement of appearance quality and the process of callus formation, the growth and increase of callus in solid phase are higher than that of liquid phase. The highest callus induction record is seen in solid B5 medium containing 2 µM Kin and 1 µM 2,4-D. Generally, calli on embryo induction phase are bright green to yellowish and compact consisting of separate clusters of somatic embryonic cells. The results of somatic embryogenesis revealed that globular, heart, torpedo and total embryos in B5 containing 1 µM 2,4-D are more than NL containing 1 µM IAA. Discussion Optimizing the growth of somatic embryos is important for mass propagation of plants that face problems in seed germination or have a long growth period. Due to the success of the production of horseradish somatic embryos, the results of this experiment can provide the possibility of production and propagation of horseradish plants in a short time. Further studies are required to determine the somaclonal variation of horseradish mature somatic embryos and plantlets.

Effect of Kind and Plant Growth Regulator Composition on Micropropagation of Three Begonia Species

Fateme Hosseini; Nasrin Moshtaghi; Ahmad Sharifi; Abdolreza Bagheri; Hasan Marashi; Fateme Keykha Akhar

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.27321.1660

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntroduction: Begonia is one of the most important ornamental plants around the world. Begonia species are grown for their attractive leaves and flowers ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntroduction: Begonia is one of the most important ornamental plants around the world. Begonia species are grown for their attractive leaves and flowers in indoor and outdoor conditions. The tissue culture technique is an alternative method for the propagation of begonia species. It can overcome the difficulties of vegetative propagation and lead to high-quality and uniform planting material under disease-free conditions irrespective of the season and weather. In begonia tissue culture, different species showed diverse responses to the medium composition, especially plant growth regulators. Also, lack of information on large scale micropropagation of begonia in Iran highlights research on optimization of begonia species propagation on in vitro culture condition. Thus, in this study the effect of plant growth regulators on shoot regeneration and proliferation of three begonia species (B. elatior‌‌, B. soli-mutata, and B. tiger), the impact of Auxin and sucrose on rooting of B. elatior‌‌and diferent pot substrate on acclimation were survived. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, petioles of three begonia species (B. soli-mutata, B. elatior, and B. tiger) were used as explant sources. So explants were washed under tab water for 30 mins and sterilized with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 mins. After sterilization, thin Cell Layers (TCL) with 2 mm thickness were prepared from petiols and cultured in MS medium with different concentrations (0.2, 1, 2 mg/L) of kinetin (kin) or thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with NAA (0, 0.2 mg/L). Next, the effect of auxin type (1 mg/L of IAA, IBA, and NAA) and sucrose concentration (30 and 40 g/l) on rooting of B. elatior plantlets were determined on in vitro condition. For plantlet acclimation, sand, CocoPeat perlite mixture (1:1 ratio), and Peat moss as pot substrate were evaluated. Results The results showed the shoot regeneration response of begonia species to the plant growth regulators of the medium, and there was a significant difference between them in all of the species adding the Auxin to the medium increased shoot regeneration. In B. elatior and B. tiger lacking of NAA to the medium caused no shoot regeneration. Maximum shoot regeneration (100%) was achieved in B. soli-mutata species in medium containing 1 or 2 mg/L of kin and 0.2 mg/l NAA, in B. elatior at 1 or 2 mg/L of TDZ in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA and in B. tiger at 2 mg/L of both plant growth regulator (TDZ and Kin) and 0.2 mg/l NAA. DiscussionFor rooting B. elatior, MS medium containing 1 mg/L IAA plus 30 g/L sucrose was the best and favorite acclimation was acheived in cocopeat perlite mixture and peat moss pot substrate.

The effect of dust on leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and fruitset date palm trees (CV. Mozafati)

Mohammad Osman Omara; Mahmoud Ramroudi; Alireza Rashki; Mohammad Galavi; Mitra Jabari

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 25-37

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.36683.1968

Abstract

IntroductionDust nowadays has harmful effects on palm trees in different areas. This phenomenon has had a negative effects on the quantity and quality of the date crops. So effect of ... Read More IntroductionDust nowadays has harmful effects on palm trees in different areas. This phenomenon has had a negative effects on the quantity and quality of the date crops. So effect of dust on leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and fruit product percentage in date trees has been investigated. Materials and MethodsThe study regions were selected by using meteorological data with different dust concentrations. Routak (high dust intensity), Jalqh (medium dust intensity) and Saravan (low dust intensity) were selected. In each of the three regions, five groves and within each grove, 5 palm trees with similar conditions were selected. Leaf chlorophyll traits were measured in two modes without washing and after washing, As well as stomatal conductance of five chosen leaves. Results and DiscussionThe results showed a significant difference in leaf chlorophyll and stomatal conductance after washing. Saravan region with the least dust had the highest leaf chlorophyll and Routak with high dust concentration had the lowest chlorophyll. Also, the amount of chlorophyll in all three regions in leaf washing conditions was higher than the state of not washing the leaves. Chlorophyll in the region with high concentration of dust is much less than the area with less dust. The mean comparison results show a decrease in stomatal conductivity in areas with high dust concentrations (Routak area). The highest percentage of fruitset (92.98%) was obtained in Saravan region with less dust concentration. The most inferior fruitset (60%) was obtained in the Routak region with high dust concentration. The highest percentage of inoculation (98.85) and the lowest percentage of precipitation (1.14) were obtained in Saravan. The lowest rate of inoculation (89.28) and the highest percentage of shedding (10.17) were obtained in Routak region. ConclusionDust settles on the leaves, closing the stomata, reducing the stomatal conductance and chlorophyll. Severe dust reduces fruitset, fruit formation percentage and increases fruit drop percentage. In general, the obtained results showed the adverse effects of high dust concentration on the studied traits.

The effect of chilling stress on anti-oxidative enzymes activity in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Z. Hasannejad; S.M. Seyyednejad; Abdol Ali Gilani; P. Hassibi

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 27-37

Abstract

In order to investigate the chilling effect and consequently oxidative stress on anti-oxidant system of two rice cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Research Center of Agriculture ... Read More

Effect of salicylic acid and storage time on quality of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.)

A.M. Dastjerdi; N. Moradi; E. Rezazadeh; M. Heidari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 27-36

Abstract

The effects of different levels of salicylic acid (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg. l -1) and three time periods (7, 14 and 21 days) were studied on quality of mango fruits (total soluble ... Read More

Effect of seed deterioration stress on germination and seedling growth indices in three cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

H.R. Balouchi; R. Kayednezami; F. Bagheri

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 27-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11116

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of seed deterioration (accelerated aging test) on germination and seedling growth indices, an experiment was conducted. The accelerated aging test ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

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