Plant Productions - Articles in Press

Investigation of the Growth and Physiological Reactions of Kochia Plant to Simultaneous Stress of Salinity and Cadmium

Mohadeseh Shamsaddin Saied; Nasibeh Pourghasemian

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 459-474

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.36646.1967

Abstract

IntroductionNowadayes, due to the increasing use of phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural lands, the salinity of the soil ,along with contamination with heavy elements such as cadmium, ... Read More IntroductionNowadayes, due to the increasing use of phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural lands, the salinity of the soil ,along with contamination with heavy elements such as cadmium, has increased sharply. Plants' response to a particular stress is different from when they experience multiple stresses simultaneously. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the simultaneous effect of salinity and cadmium stresses on morphological and physiological characteristics of Kochia. Materials and MethodsFor this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in the educational-research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Valiasr University of Rafsanjan in 1397/2019. Experimental factors included four different levels of salinity stress (0, 6, 12 and 18 dS/m) and cadmium concentration in soil (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg soil). The studied traits included dry weight of branches, stems and leaves, RWC, concentration of chlorophyll a, b and a + b, enzymes activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, the concentration of cadmium, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium and magnesium. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that due to increasing salinity to 18 dS/m the dry weight of branches, leaf and stem dry weight and leaf area, RWC, concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased by 56.8, 48.01, 50, 46.09, 21, 53.76, 56.91, 53.75 and 51.21 percent, respectively. By increasing the cadmium concentration to 10 mg/L, the dry weight of lateral branches, leaves, stems and leaf area decreased by 24.32, 31.89, 28.45 and 41.24%, respectively, but the concentration of leaf cadmium compared to the control treatment 1.7 times increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes in treatment of 18 dS/m salinity alongside with 10 mg/L cadmium were 1.83, 1.4 and 4.7 times higher than the control treatment, respectively. Leaf iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased by 73.07%, 51.51, 51.8%, 0.17 and 0.26% with increasing salinity stress to 18 dS/m, respectively, and with increasing cadmium concentration to 10 mg/L increased iron concentration by 37.32% and zinc and magnesium concentrations decreased by 28.70 and 0.12%, respectively. The highest dry matter of Koshia in salinity and cadmium stress treatments belonged to the control treatment and the lowest dry matter were obtained from 18 dS / m salinity and 10 mg / kg cadmium in soil. ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed that in Kochia in the presence of cadmium stress, the concentration of cadmium in the leaves and shoots increased and this indicates the potential of this plant for phytoremediation (removal of heavy metals by the plant) from saline soils contaminated with cadmium. Kochia's proper performance in high cadmium accumulation appears to be due to the detoxification of cadmium in cells. The presence of salinity along with cadmium increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which is probably one of the plant's solutions to stress. Decreased nutrients due to increased cadmium and salinity stress can be a reason for reduced yield and lead researchers to the direction that in the face of these stresses, nutrients can be used as fertilizer so that the plant does not suffer from nutrient deficiencies.

Adventitious Root Development and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation by Auxin in Cichorium intybus L

Roghayeh Fathi; Mehdi Mohebodini; Esmaeil Chamani

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 467-476

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.29713.1772

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Adventitious root cultures of medicinal plants are a source of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance, and are considered as an alternative method ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Adventitious root cultures of medicinal plants are a source of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance, and are considered as an alternative method for clonal propagation and germplasm conservation in medicinal plants.Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal plant from Asteraceae and isused in traditional medicine to promote appetite and digestion. This plant contains many important metabolites including chicoric asid, inulin, scoline, coumarin and flavonoids. In the current research, an efficient protocol has been developed for adventitious root culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Materials and Methods:The seeds were surface-sterilized with 50 ml l−1 sodium hypochlorite for 20 min, subsequently with 700 ml l−1 ethanol for 90 s. The surface-sterilized seeds were inoculated against the MS medium and cultures were incubated at 25 ±2 ◦C under fluorescent light for a cycle of 16 h light and 8 h dark per day. The leaves explants of 28-day-old in vitro plantlets were used as explants. For root initiation, IAA (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg l-1) were used. After four weeks, the well-established roots were separated. To determine the best medium of composition for growth of roots, approximately 100 mg fresh weight of adventitious roots were cultured in MS liquid medium with different concentrations of IAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1). Results and Discussion:According to the results, among the different concentrations of IAA, the highest root induction (72.5 percent), root number (4.75), and root branch (10.08) were exhibited by 1.5 mg/L IAA. Among different NAA levels, the highest root induction (88.88 percent), and root number (8.04) were observed in 1.5 mg/L NAA and was not significantly different from 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L NAA. This hormone at concentration of 1.5 mg/L, induced the highest root branching (18.42 per explant). The highest fresh weight (0.74 g) and dry weight (0.062 g), growth index (6.51), and phenol (4.1 mg/g DW) were obtained in MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1-1 NAA in combination with 0.5 mg 1-1 IAA, and Flavonoid content in 270, 300 and 330 nm wavelengths was higher (60.26, 85.88 and 98.53 µg g-1 DW) in the roots obtained from 1 mg l−1 of NAA in combination with 1 mg l−1 of IAA. Increasing NAA concentrations induced callus mediated root formation and produced a lower number of adventitious roots. By using IAA, adventitious roots were initiated, but the frequency and average number of roots initiated were lower when compared with NAA. Conclusion: Adventitious roots obtained by different concentration of auxins are a suitable tool for the production of plant secondary metabolites due to their genetic stability, and generally, show a fast growth rate. This study describes the protocol for adventitious root induction which could further be useful for the production of secondary metabolites and biomass

Impact of intensive, sustainable and organic agriculture systems of grain yield and energy use efficiency in sesame, mung bean and corn crops

aram gorooei; amir aynehband; afraseyab rahnama

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 November 2020

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32356.1871

Abstract

Background and objective: Duo to limited natural resources and undesirable effect of misuse of different energy source on both human and environment healthy, it seems their study the ... Read More Background and objective: Duo to limited natural resources and undesirable effect of misuse of different energy source on both human and environment healthy, it seems their study the patterns of energy consumption on agriculture will necessary. In addition, study of energy trend in environmental impact of agriculture activity (Baran and Gokdogan, 2017; Ozkan et al, 2004). Materials and methods: This study was conducted at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the summer of 2018. Statistic design was split-plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main factor was agriculture production systems including: 1- intensive (all inputs including fertilizer, herbicide, and pesticide were chemical). 2- Sustainable (management of this system farming was the combination of both the organic and intensive systems) 3- organic (In this system farming, all inputs were organic and biological, and haven't used chemical fertilizers and poisons, control of weeds were mechanical). the sup-plot was three crops including corn (cereal), mung bean (legume) and sesame (oil seed). In this research, all input and output energy equivalent was measured, also, energy efficiency indices were calculated. Results: Results showed that grain yield of all three crops including corn, mung bean and sesame was the highest in conventional and the lowest in organic system. lowest (1.18) and highest (3.69) energy efficiency was belonged to intensive sesame and organic corn, respectively. We have found that Highest (34396.34 MJha-1) and lowest (8247 MJ ha-1) input belonged to intensive corn and organic mung bean, respectively. Energy intensive corn had the Highest (59649) net energy index but this index in sesame was the highest level (7032) at organic production systems. On the other hand, organic corn yield was reduced almost 30 percent in compared with intensive corn yield. But in return, input energy organic corn than intensive corn was reduced almost 50 percent. In other words, in the production of organic corn, reducing input energy (denominator) was much more effective in determining energy efficiency than reducing output energy (numerator). This subject has made the production of organic corn has the most energy efficiency. Therefore, in organic corn reducing inputs has been more effective that output in determining energy efficiency index. The comparison of means was performed using SAS software with Duncan’s method. Conclusion: For agricultural evaluation of both different crop production systems and crops we should be consideration set of agro ecological indices according to both production history (energy use efficiency, net energy, energy productivity and special energy) and agronomic culture (human productivity, agrochemical energy and co2 emissions) in each agriculture region. Also, we must consider the combine of optimum level of both crop yield and energy status.

View Article

Isolation of Azospirillum and evaluation of the effect of four superior isolates on the germination of Canola seeds

N. Ghaderi; M. Olamaee; M.H. Arzanesh; Y. Mohammadnezhad; A.R. Rabiezadeh

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 9-21

Abstract

Azospirillum is one of the plant growth-promoting bacteria which is in the rhizosphere and the intercellular of the cereals and other plant roots. One of the characteristics of this ... Read More

Effect of pre harvest ethephon spray on color and some quality attributes of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bidane- Ghermez)

. Ebrahimi; R. Jalili Marandi; H. Dolati Baneh; M. Esmaiili; R. Hagitagilo

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 11-25

Abstract

Grape is non-climacteric fruit and as a result, the quality of fruit does not change after harvest. Application of ethephon in recent years is known as an effective way to increase ... Read More

The Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Quantitative and Qualitative Yields of Two Savory Species (Satureja khuzestanica and S. rechingeri)

A Nooshkam; N Majnoun hoseini2; J. Hadian3; M.R. Jahansooz; K Khavazi5; A. Salehnia; S. Hedayatpour

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 11-20

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12039

Abstract

Background and Objectives Satureja khuzestanica and satureja rechingeri are two valuable and endemic medicinal species that grow widely in southwest parts of Iran. These species are ... Read More Background and Objectives Satureja khuzestanica and satureja rechingeri are two valuable and endemic medicinal species that grow widely in southwest parts of Iran. These species are rich in phenolic compound caracole; therefore, they have considerable biological activities. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative yields of two savory species (Satureja khuzestanica and S. rechingeri) in different irrigation intervals, an experiment was carried out in the west of Lorestan (Kashkan) during the growing season of 2012-2013. Materials and methods The Experiment was conducted on the basis of split-plot design in completely randomized block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments (15 and 30 days interval and rainfed) as the main-plot and species in two levels (Satureja khuzestanica and satureja rechingeri)as the sub-plot were carried out. The characteristics measured were leaf and flower yield, essential oil content, essential oil yield, essential oil compositions, leaf area index and plant height. Results Results showed that the effect of irrigation treatments on all traits except for essential oil compositions was significant. The effect of species on essential oil content and essential oil yield was significant. Mean comparison of traits showed that by increasing in irrigation intervals, leaf and flower yield, essential oil content, essential oil yield, leaf area index and plant height of both summer savory species were decreased amount of by 73, 23, 78, 80 and 33%, respectively compared to control (Irrigation interval of 15 days). Between species, essential oil content (3/7%) and essential oil yield (100/2 kg.ha-1) of rechingeri species were more than essential oil content (2/03%) and essential oil yield (62/2 kg.ha-1) of khuzestanica species. Discussion The leaf and flower yield, essential oil content, essential oil yield, leaf area index of both summer savory species were decreased by increasing irrigation intervals and rainfed cultivation. Trend of changes in essential oil yield was similar to leaf and flower yield, In other words, the essential oil yield was further affected by the herb yield (leaf and flower yield).

Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis

Khadijeh Mokhtarifar; Roohollah Abdoshahi; SH P

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 11-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12052

Abstract

Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield ... Read More Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield in drought-prone environments may be considered to be affected by three factors including yield potential, appropriate phenology and drought tolerance. Despite the positive correlation between grain yield in drought stress and normal conditions indirect selection based on yield potential, mean yield under non-stress conditions may not give the best results for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Grain yield is strongly affected with genotype by environmental interaction. On the other hand, this interaction is relatively small for secondary traits. Hence, evaluation of genetic control of yield and yield related traits was the main objective of the present study. Materials and methods In order to estimate genetic parameters of yield and its related traits in bread wheat, a half diallel mating design was generated using nine (9) cultivars including Mahdavi, Azar2, Roushan, Ghods, Kavir, Excalibur, Shiraz, Kalhaydari, Shiraz and Shahpasand, and their F2 progenies. For this purpose, genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design under normal and drought stress conditions. Plant height (cm), awn length (cm), biomass (t/ha), grain number per spike, fertile tiller number, days to flowering (days), grain filling period and grain yield (t/ha) were evaluated in this research. Hayman and Jinksdeiallel method was used to estimate genetic parameters including additive and dominant variance. In addition, variances of general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffingmethod. Results Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variation for all traits. Diallel analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive effects were valuable for genetic control of most characters. Awn length and days to flowering had the highest narrow sense heritability. Narrow sense heritability of grain yield under normal conditions was significantly higher than drought stress conditions. Plant height and awn length in both conditions and grain number per spike under drought stress condition were identified as the most appropriate traits in wheat breeding programs. These traits had high narrow sense heritability and low non-additive effects. Discussion Genetic analysis of evaluated traits showed that non-additive effects played a significant role in genetic control of the most characters. Based on these results, bulk and single seed descent are recommended methods for breeding in this population even though, awn length and days to flowering showed high narrow sense heritability.

The Influence of Ultrasound and Growth Regulators on in vitro Micropropagation of Lilium Ledebourii Boiss

Z. Azimzadeh; M. Mohebodini; E. CHamani; M. Erfani

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 11-20

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13439

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium ledebourii is one of the wild species of Lilium genus, growing in northern Iran. This species has high potential for export. Plant tissue culture ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium ledebourii is one of the wild species of Lilium genus, growing in northern Iran. This species has high potential for export. Plant tissue culture techniques are widely used in plant propagation, and using these methods can effectively provide micro-propagation of this plant in the large scale. High percentage of regeneration is necessary for plant protection, used in the breeding programs. Materials and Methods The experiment was factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications and was carried out in tissue culture Lab of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2015. For this purpose, segments of explant that were treated with ultrasound were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA alone and/or in combination with each other. This experiment conducted Concentrations of NAA at four level Zero, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1 and Concentrations of BAP at four levels Zero, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1 and Ultrasound at four levels zero, 5, 10, 20 and 30 seconds. In order to remove possible contamination from the mediums, all media were autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 °C. At the end of the experiment, the number of bulblet produced, root length, fresh weight of bulblet and etc were recorded. The cultures were kept at 20°C or 25°C under 16 h photoperiod or in darkness. Results The results showed the highest number of bulblets produced in 0, 0.01, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5secend ultrasound, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 0, 5, 20 and 30 second ultrasound compared with control. The highest frequency of bulblet regeneration was produced in MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.01, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5 second ultrasound. On the other hand, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5 second ultrasound increased number and weight of bulblets. Different concentrations of NAA had also significant effects. Discussion On the other hand, ultrasound increased the number and weight of bulblets. Mechanical stress and micro streaming by acoustic cavitation might be considered as the most possible cause of the various physiological effects of ultrasound on cells. Low-energy ultrasound can modify cellular metabolisms or facilitate the uptake of nutrient, and make them easily through the cellular walls and membranes. Finally, it seems that ultrasound in combination with growth regulators have the potential to produce the highest average number of bulblets in the scale explant, using plant growth regulators in combination with an abiotic stress in in vitro.

The effect of two hydroponic systems on physical, chemical and fruit yield of two greenhouse tomato cultivars

Mohammad Reza Fayezizadeh; Naser Alemzadeh Ansari; Esmail Khaleghi; Mohamad Albaji

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 11-23

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.35144.1943

Abstract

IntroductionTomato is an economical high value product which is used fresh or processed. Having compound such as fibers, vitamin A, vitamin B, lycopene, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and ... Read More IntroductionTomato is an economical high value product which is used fresh or processed. Having compound such as fibers, vitamin A, vitamin B, lycopene, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and polyphenols in this product leads to prevent the cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Even though biosynthesis and accumulation of this biochemical matter in tomato fruit when growing is affected by the production conditions such as methods of production environmental factors and plant genetics. Tomatoes produced in a closed hydroponic system have better flavor and marketability. This research is done to show the affects to the physical and chemical characteristics and productivity of two greenhouse tomato cultivars in two open and closed systems. Materials and MethodsIn this research the effects of two open (drip) and closed (modified nutrient film technique) hydroponic systems on physical and chemical characteristics and productivity of two greenhouse tomato cultivars (V4-22 cultivar breaded in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and Amira cultivar from Rijkzwaan company of Netherland) was studied as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The information gathered and correlation between characteristics were analyzed statically by MSTAT-C 1.2 software. To compare the means, Duncan's multi domain test in 5% level was used. Some of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics include productivity, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit volume, fruit firmness, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solid, fruit dry matter, lycopene, fruit carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, polyphenols content, concentration of fruit elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed. Results and DiscussionThe results of the experiment showed that the most fruit length, fruit firmness, and calcium concentration were recorded in the plants cultivated in open system and the highest total soluble solid, lycopene, carotenoids and fruit sodium concentration were seen in the closed system. The most antioxidant capacity, polyphenols content, concentration of calcium and sodium were observed in Amira cultivar and the most titratable acidity was recognized in V4-22 cultivar. The maximum yield belonged to V4-22 cultivar (3847/29 g per plant) and minimum yield belonged to Amira cultivar (3648/70 g per plant). The interaction effect of hydroponic system and cultivar on concentration of magnesium and potassium in 1% level and dry matter in 5% level were significantly different. The correlation between Antioxidant capacity, fruit total soluble solids content, vitamin C, lycopene and polyphenols content with potassium concentration was positive and significant. ConclusionThe results showed that V4-22 cultivar had higher yield than Amira cultivar and this is due to the adaptation of this cultivar to the environmental conditions of Ahvaz greenhouse. In this study, crop yield in both open and closed systems was not significantly different and the closed system increased the quality characteristics of fruit including total soluble solids, lycopene and carotenoids compared to the open system. This can be due to the most availability of nutrient solution in the closed system compared to the open system. The lowest capacity of antioxidant and total polyphenols were obtained in V4-22 cultivar. The decrease in production of these secondary metabolites indicates that this cultivar is more compatible with production conditions.

Effect of Nitrogen, Boron and Zinc Sprays on Fruit Set, Yield and Quality of Date Fruit (cv Sayer)

h d; E R; A M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 12-22

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on yield and quality of date fruit (cv Sayer), an experiment was carried out in randomized ... Read More

The evaluation of water deficit effect on grain yield and physiological characteristics of three canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

S.M. Hoseini; P. Hassibi; B. Andarzian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 13-24

Abstract

To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total ... Read More To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total dry matter, grain yield, total soluble sugars and starch, proline and osmotic potential this study was carried out in the green house of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2008-2009 growing season. The experiment was factorial based on complete randomized design arrangement in three replications. The first factor comprised cultivars (including Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was water deficit stress including water deficit in the early stem elongation to early-flowering stage (D1), early-flowering stage to early sac appearance (D2), early stem elongation to early sac appearance (D3) and normal irrigation conditions (D4). The results showed that the lowest and the highest reduction in shoot dry matter and grain yield was measured in Hyola 401 and Hyola308, respectively. The lowest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 308 (from the early stem elongation to early sac emergence stages) (22 grams per plant) and the highest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 401 (74 grams per plant) in normal conditions. In the stress conditions, shoot dry matter in all cultivars decreased. The amount of reduction during the flowering stage was more than early stem elongation stage showing more sensitivity of flowering stage to the stem elongation stage in water deficit stress. The interaction of water stress and variety showed significant differences in total soluble sugar, starch, proline, osmotic potential (P≤ 0.01), shoots dry matter and grain yield (P≤ 0.05). Furthermore, in the stress conditions participation in osmotic regulation process and reduction of negative effects of water deficit stress increased the amount of the total soluble sugars and proline of leaves. The lowest leaf osmotic potential (-2.23 Mpa) and the highest osmotic potential (-1.65 Mpa) were determined in Hyola 401, and Hyola 308 for D3 and D4 respectively. Decrease (become more negative) of osmotic potential because of more tolerance of Hyola 401 to water deficit stress was also assessed. According to the results of this study, Hyola 401, RGS003 and Hyola 308 were assessed for tolerance, semi tolerance and susceptibility to water deficit stress respectively.

Analysis of canola stability in rain-fed conditions and comparison of stable genotypes selection methods using stability indices

J. Ahmadi; B. Vaezi; H. Naraki

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 13-22

Abstract

The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction ... Read More

Prediction of sunflower equilibrium moisture characteristics using empirical models and artificial neural networks

R. Amiri Chayjan; J. Amiri Parian

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 13-24

Abstract

In this research, empirical models and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used for estimation of equilibrium moisture content of seed and kernel of sunflower. Four empirical models ... Read More

Allelopathic effects of walnut decomposed leaf extract on some physiological traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

E. Ghojavand1; A. Danesh-Shahraki2; A. Tadayon

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 13-21

Abstract

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf extract on some physiological traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) an experiment was conducted in Shahrekord University ... Read More

Effects of drought stress and soil compaction on some agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays L.)

A. Afarinesh; G. Fathi; R. Chugan; S.A. Syadat; Kh. Alamisaid; S.R. Ashrafizadeh

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11250

Abstract

In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were ... Read More In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 704 single cross hybrid corn. Drought stress was considered as the main plot at 4 levels (irrigation after 75, 95, 115 and 135 mm evaporation from A pan), and soil compaction was as the subplot at 4 levels (no traffic congestion, mild with four times, the average density with 8 times and the intensity density with 12 times of tractor traffic). Based on the results, the drought and soil compaction stresses affected many of the traits. The effects of drought and soil compaction were statistically significant on stem diameter, root deep, number of brace roots per plant, root and shoot dry weight, harvest index, number of ear bearing plants at harvest and grain yield characteristics. The effect of soil compaction stress was significant on root dry weight and reduced it. Only the effect of drought stress was significant on chlorophyll and protein characteristics. Brace roots growth in soil compaction stress conditions was stimulated and was higher than drought conditions. But grain yield was not affected by increasing the number of brace roots. Increase in soil compaction prevented root growth to depth. Conversely, the drought stress cause increased root growth to depth. Stresses weakened maize stem diameter with constant process. The constant processes were observed in reduction of shoot and grain yield dry weight by application of stresses. The drought stress more than soil compaction can affect chlorophyll and protein content of grain. This indicates the important role of water in the field. Drought stress was able to reduce the harvest index, but soil compaction in the most severe condition can reduce it. Both stresses reduced the number of ear bearing plants.

Effect of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit and oil under Ahvaz environmental conditions

Sh. Zivdar; K. Arzani; M.K. Souri; N. Moallemi; S.M. Seyyednejad

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 13-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11442

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, two ... Read More In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, two split plot field experiments, arranged in complete block designs with three replications, were carried out through 2012–2013 in an orchard located in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran. Three olive cultivars (Mission, Coronaiki and Dezfuli) and three foliar applications of potassium sulfate (0, 1 and 2 g.L-1) were randomized in main plots and sub-plots respectively. The interaction effect between year and cultivar was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry weight of fruit pulp, stone weight , pulp: stone ratio, oil content (P≤0.01) and fresh weight of pulp (P≤0.05). Also, the interaction effect between year and foliar potassium application was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp (P≤0.01) and stone weight (P≤0.05). The interaction between cultivar and foliar application of potassium sulfate for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp was significant at 1% probability level. In addition, interaction effect between year, cultivar and foliar application of potassium sulfate was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp, oil content of the fruit pulp (% D.W.) at 1% probability level, and other traits at 5% probability level. Thus, it can be concluded that annual variability in the growth environment had an important effect on the parameters studied in this experiment. Dezfuli cultivar had more oil content than other cultivars that could be due to genetic diversity among cultivars for using sources in enhancement oil content and also more compatibility with the environmental conditions in this area. Foliar application of potassium sulfate increased unsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in Dezfuli and Coronaiki cultivars. The highest content of oleic acid and oleic acid: linoleic acid ratio (60.54 % and 8.38) was found in Coronaiki cultivar with foliar potassium application (2 g.L-1) and the lowest amount in Dezfuli cultivar with control treatment (48.90 % and 1.67). Therefore, year conditions as well as foliar application of potassium sulfate can have a positive impact on ftuit weight, percentage of olive oil and fatty acid composition.

Effects of Planting Date and Nutrition Solution Concentration on Yield and Quality Properties of Strawberry Fruit CV Camarosa Grown in Ahvaz Condition

S. Pourmombeini; S.M.H. Mortazavi; N. Moallemi; A. Mozaffari; A.A. Moezzi

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11829

Abstract

This research was done to evaluate the effects of planting date and concentration of Hoagland nutrition solution on the yield and quality of strawberry fruit cv. Camarosa grown in Shahid ... Read More

Evaluation of Karyotype and Ploidy Levels in Some Endemic and Exotic Daffodils (Narcissus sp.) Genotypes

M CH; R N; A SH; M H; A Z

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 13-27

Abstract

Evaluation ofkaryotype, ploidy levels and chromosome numbers of daffodil (Narcissus sp.) plants was carried out on collected endemic genotypes from Southern Khorasan, Khouzestan, Kohgiloye ... Read More

The Effect of Salinity on Yield and Some Agronomical and Physiological Traits of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars in Kerman

M SH; H F

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 13-25

Abstract

A factorial experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Bahonar University of Kerman to study the effects of salinity on the growth and yield of two maize cultivars ... Read More

Effect of Yield, Yield Components and Seed Quality of Intercropping Soybean Cultivars in Gaem Shahr Weather Conditions

M N; M.A B; GH A

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 13-25

Abstract

In order to evaluate soybean cultivars competition, an experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with four replications at GaemShahr Agricultural Research Centre ... Read More

Screening Salt Tolerance in Pistachio Seedlings by Evaluating Growth, Oxidative Damages and Mineral Composition

Z. Mirfattahi; M.R. Roozban; S. Karimi; V. Tavallali; S. Aliniaeifard

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 13-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.18881.1371

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Salinization of the central lands of Iran has had limited pistachio cultivation and production during the recent decade. Materials and Methods In ... Read More

Investigating Phosphorous and Zinc Levels on Quantity and Quality Characters of Two Cultivars Chickpea

M. Dashadi; P. Pezeshkpoor

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.18556.1359

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Chickpea(Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important Pulses in arid and semi arid regions. This plant needs a lot of nutrition such as phosphorous ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Chickpea(Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important Pulses in arid and semi arid regions. This plant needs a lot of nutrition such as phosphorous and Zinc elements. Most of the soil of arid and semi arid regions does not have phosphorous and Zinc nutrition sufficiently.These elements are effective for growth and yield of two chickpea cultivars. On the other hand, increasing one of them decreases the other one in plant; therefore, it is necessity to determine the amount of phosphorous and Zinc fertilizers. Materials and Methods The trail was conducted based on factorial split plot in randomization block design with three replications. We considered the two chickpea cultivars(Arman and ILC482) as the main plot and sub plot including phosphorous (P2O5) from super phosphate triple source in three levels (P1=32, P2=46 and P3=60 Kg.ha-1) and different amounts Zn from Zinc solphate source in three levels (Zn1=0, Zn2=2.5 and Zn3= 5Kg.ha-1) in Borujerd Agriculture research station where there are cold winters and humid summers.This experiment was performed in 2004. Results The result indicated a significant difference between Arman cultivar with seed yield and biological yield 2606 and 4341 Kg.ha-1 respectively and ILC482 cultivar with seed yield and biological yield 1662 and 2779 Kg.ha-1 respectively. Effect of phosphorous fertilizer on seed yield ,biological yield, number of seed per pod and number of main branch was significant and the most difference was obtained with 60 Kg.ha-1 P2O5. Effect of Zinc fertilizer on seed yield, biological yield, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, and number of main branch was significant and the most was obtained with 5 Kg.ha-1 Zn. The most amount of protein in seed was obtained with 60 Kg.ha-1 P2O5 and 5 Kg.ha-1Zn (P3Zn3 treatments). There are a negative correlation between amount of phosphorous consumption and Zn concentration in seed and amount of Zn consumption and P concentration in seed. Discussion Phosphorous and Zinc fertilizers are effective in root extention and decrease of pH in arid regions soils respectively. Therefore these fertilizers increase water absorption and nutrition elements including Phosphorous and Zinc in soil. In this experiment, Chickpea have positive response to application of phosphorous and Zinc fertilizers and consumption of these fertilizers, increase quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Chickpea. Therefore using 60 Kg.ha-1 P2O5 and 5 Kg.ha-1 Zn for Chickpea crop in similar regions this in expriment is recommended.

The Effect of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Hairy Roots Production in Nicotiana tobaccum as a Model Plant

Mitra Khademi; Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi; Ahmad ismaili

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26865.1641

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHairy root culture obtained via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation is considered an essential strategy for in planta enhancement ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHairy root culture obtained via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation is considered an essential strategy for in planta enhancement of secondary metabolites/or recombinant protein production. High growth rates and genetic stability characterize hair roots compared to ordinary plant root systems. Low root biomass is one of the significant challenges in any hairy root establishment. To this end, the hairy root culture medium was supplemented with various nitrogen and phosphorus sources and combinations to increase the total biomass production. Materials and MethodsSterile leaf explants were excised from 10-day old tobacco plants and inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes to induce hairy roots formation. Inoculated leaf explants were kept in dark conditions for two days at 25±2 ˚C. Leaf explants were washed and transferred to the MS culture medium supplemented with cefotaxime at sterile conditions. The inoculated explants were kept in the tissue culture room at 25±2 ˚C until hairy roots appeared. Different ratios of nitrate to ammonium (5.1/5.1, 19/20, and 30/5.1 mM) and three potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) as a source of phosphorus (3, 6, and 12 mM) in two types of solid and liquid culture media were used to optimize hairy roots formation and compared in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications, each containing ten explants. The fresh and dry weight of hairy root was recorded 30 days after hairy root formation. ResultsTransgenic hairy roots were confirmed by PCR analysis using the rolC gene-specific primers. No bacteria contamination was found following PCR analysis of transgenic hairy roots. Analysis of the variance of hairy roots dry and fresh weight data showed that nitrogen, phosphorus, and culture media had a significant (P<0.05) effect on hairy roots biomass production. The highest biomass accumulation (11.66 gr/FW and 0.47 gr/DW) was recorded in the media containing 30/5.1mM ratio of NO3/NH4 ratio and 12 mM of KH2PO4, respectively. The lowest dry and fresh weight were obtained when 5.1/5.1 mM of NO3/NH4 and 3 mM KH2PO4 were used. DiscussionThis study suggested that a higher NO3/NH4 ratio and KH2PO4 can lead to the highest hairy roots biomass production. Therefore, it is recommended to use a higher proportion of NO3/NH4 to produce more in planta biomass needed for pharmaceutical and industrial products. Furthermore, it can be concluded that it is possible to optimize the hairy root production if hairy roots are used to scale up the amount of metabolite/recombinant proteins production in tobacco.

Investigating the Expression of Pinene Synthase and Linalool Genes in Response to Gibberellic Acid in Yarrow (Achillea millelium L.) Plant

Omid Poorraskari; Daryoosh Nabati Ahmadi; Khosro Mehdikhanlou; Leila Nejhadsadeghi

Volume 43, Issue 1 , June 2020, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.27042.1652

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Currently, there is an immense attention towared medicinal plant and secondary motabiltes. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is a medicinal plant which ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Currently, there is an immense attention towared medicinal plant and secondary motabiltes. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is a medicinal plant which consists of two important compounds; including penene and linalool. Since these two compounds have the importance values, the researchers significantly focused on them. The rate of transcript expression of penene synthesis and Linalol synthesis induced at the end of 2-c-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway that caused to produce Penene and Linalol. In order to evaluate the synthesis of Penene and Linalol, a research study was carried to exame the exogenous treatment (zero, 25 and 50 mg/l) of gibberellic acid (GA3) at different times (24, 48 and 74 hr.) on Yarrow at the greenhouse on 1395-1397. The results of R-PCR indicated that significant rate of the transcript expression was related to the Penene synthesis at 25 mg concentration of GA3 at the 48 hr after treatment. In the most samples as the rate of the Penene synthesis increased the rate of Linalol synthesis decreased. The evidences suggested that the exogenous treatment of GA3 induced a transduction signal in the plant. In which at the end, the plant molecular process respond to it and showed in overall that evaluation of GA3 implemented different encoding gene expression for theses compounds, and illustrated that when the Penene synthesis inceased in the treated plant the Linalol synthesis dcreased simontenously. Materials and Methods A greenhouse pot trial was conducted at the Experimental Research Station of College of Agriculture at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The plants used in this study were provided from the National Center for Genetic and Biological Resources of Iran, with access code P1000093. Two months after seed germination, the desired amounts of gibberellic acid were prepared with distilled water (25 mg/l and 50 mg/l), and then each potted plant was sprayed uniformly with 10cc of prepared solution. Sampling was carried out by collecting the leaves of treated plants at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the treatment. The phenol-chloroform method (Wang and Ghabrial, 2002) was conducted with some modifications to extract RNA of collected leaves at the two biological replications. Quantity and quality of extracted RNAs were measured using Nanodrop and electrophoresis of %1 agarose gel. Synthesis of cDNA was performed using the Takara cDNA synthetase kit according to its manufacturer's instructions. Partial sequences of pinene synthase and linalool synthase genes were obtained in an early experiment in our laboratory (data is not published). The coding sequence of the target genes in other plants within the same family aligned with our obtained sequences to identify conserved segments for each gene using CLUSTAL W program. The standard housekeeping actin for yarrow with accession number JX679606.1, which is available in the public GenBank database, used to normalize the expression of the genes of interest. The primers of all genes (pinene synthase, linalool synthase and actin) were designed from the conserved sequences by PrimerQuest Tool, and then verified with oligoanalyzer v.3.1. Relative expressions of target genes were determined using real-time PCR with SYBR green fluorescence detection. Relative differences in target gene expression were calculated using REST software. Results The acquired result of real-time PCR revealed that in pinene synthase gene, the highest amount of transcription occurred at 48 hours after the treatment with the concentration of 25 mg of gibberellic acid and, interestingly, the lowest expression of the transcript for linalool synthase gene observed at the same level of concentration and time. In most of the samples, with the increase in pinene synthase transcriptase, the amount of linalool synthase transcript decreased. Discussion Taking into account the fact that both pinene and linalool are synthesized from the common substrate geranyl diphosphate. Therefore, an increase in the expression one leads to reduction in the transcript expression of the other one in the same pathway. Our results also confirmed that the transcription level of pinene synthase gene has been increasingly altered in response to the applied concentrations of exogenous gibberellic acid, resulting in a reduction in the expression of linalool synthase gene. Evidence suggests that the application of gibberellic acid triggers a cascade of molecular events which ultimately constitutes the plant response to the elicitor.

Effects of putrescine, calcium chloride and salicylic acid on quality and storage life of plum fruit cv. "Shablon"

S. Shokrollahfam; J. Hajilou; F. Zaare Nahandy; S.J. Tabatabaie; R. Naghshiband hasani

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 15-26

Abstract

The effect of putrescine, calcium chloride and salicylic acid was investigated on quality attributes and post harvest life of plum fruit cv. "Shablon" as a factorial experiment with ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract