Plant Productions

Performance of Sugar Beet Hybrids in Different Levels of Rhizomania Disease Severity

R. Mohammadian; S.B Mahmoudi; H Shahbazi; S Darabi; A. Pedram

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 27-42

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12053

Abstract

  Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection ...  Read More Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection of appropriate varieties which could have high yields in different infected conditions is important. Material and method To compare promised resistant hybrids to rhizomania in different conditions of infection to the disease levels, an experiment was conducted in four regions including disease free and infected areas with different infection levels. In the this study, 19 monogerm diploid hybrids resistant to rhizomania were compared with foreign and domestic resistant varieties in randomized complete block design with four replications. In the disease free location, the percentage of seedlings emergence in domestic genotypes relative to the average of foreign resistance varieties, leaf number, leaf arrangement, green intensity and uniformity of crops were determined in the early growing season. At the harvest time in infected areas, the disease severity index was determined. In all areas, number, yield and quality of roots in each treatment were measured. Results Results confirmed that disease intensity of experimental regions was different. There was a significant variation among promising hybrids in the investigated properties. Discussion Generally, with increasing disease severity, root number, root yield, sugar yield, sugar content and nitrogen of roots were significantly reduced. In contrast, the gross amount of sodium and potassium increased in roots. Hybrid SB26 because of high root numbers, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield and low sodium content of root as well as low disease severity was chosen as a superior hybrid. The results of this study confirmed that also in condition of disease free, a resistant variety has better quantitative and qualitative characteristics in comparison to a susceptible variety.    

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Effect of Potassium Supply on the Activity of Some Antioxidant Enzymes of Two Durum Wheat Cultivars under Salt Stress

S.M. Alavi matin; A. Rahnama; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 1-12

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11828

Abstract

  Abstract Potassium plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to a biotic stresses such as salt stress. In order to evaluate the effect of potassium on alleviating the adverse ...  Read More Abstract Potassium plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to a biotic stresses such as salt stress. In order to evaluate the effect of potassium on alleviating the adverse effects of salt stress by monitoring the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, the grain yield and chlorophyll content of two durum wheat cultivars (Behrang and Yavarous), a pot experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications with treatment levels including: control (no salt), 150 mm NaCl (Sodium Chloride), salt 150 mm NaCl with two levels of 300 and 450 mg K kg-1 soil as potassium sulfate and two levels of 30 and 45 mg K kg-1 soil as nano chelate potassium 27%. The grain yield of both cultivars was decreased under salt stress, but the combination of potassium and NaCl alleviated symptoms of the individual salt stress by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared with individual salt stress. Both cultivars showed similar responses to salinity in combination with forms and rates of potassium under stress conditions for some traits, a though the activity of acerbate peroxides and glutathione reeducates was higher in Behrang cultivar. Totally, these findings showed that salinity in combination with forms and rates of potassium was more effective in Yavarous than in Behrang cultivar

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The effect of potassium on cadmium distribution and accumulation in differen t organs of durum wheat

S. Larki; A. Rahnama; A. Aynehband

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 79-92

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11455

Abstract

  Understanding of the mechanisms affecting root uptake, transport and grain deposition of cadmium can successfully improve the success of breeding programs aiming to produce low cadmium ...  Read More Understanding of the mechanisms affecting root uptake, transport and grain deposition of cadmium can successfully improve the success of breeding programs aiming to produce low cadmium accumulating genotypes. To determine the role of potassium in cadmium uptake by roots, transport to shoot and accumulation in the grain of two durum wheat (Behrang and Yavarous), a pot experiment was carried out, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in different treatments: control, 20 mg Cd kg-1 soil (CdCl2), 20 mg Cd kg-1 soil with two levels of 300 and 450 mg K kg-1 soil as potassium sulphate, and two levels 30 and 45 mg K kg-1 soil as nano chelate potassium 27%. Cadmium decreased differentially the concentration of potassium in roots, leaves and grains in both cultivars, but cadmium concentrations were increased. The highest and lowest cadmium concentration was found in roots and grains, respectively. Potassium application in combination with cadmium through competition led to the decrease of cadmium concentrations compared to cadmium treatments in roots, leaves and grains of both cultivars, but increased potassium concentrations. According to the findings in this study, potassium plays an important role in grain quality improvement by increasing potassium concentrations and decreasing cadmium concentrations.  

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Allelopathic effects of walnut decomposed leaf extract on some physiological traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

E. Ghojavand1; A. Danesh-Shahraki2; A. Tadayon

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 13-21

Abstract

  In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf extract on some physiological traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) an experiment was conducted in Shahrekord University ...  Read More In order to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf extract on some physiological traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) an experiment was conducted in Shahrekord University in 2010. This experiment was arranged as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications in the glasshouse. Factor A included, five treatments of 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % of walnut decomposed leaf extraction and Factor B included three methods of soil applicant at the in time of planting and soil applicant and spray extraction at the two-leaf stage. In this study, some traits such as leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, crop temperature stability and Leaf protein were measured. The results showed that use of 50 and 100% of extract reduced leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content significantly while the leaf protein content increased. Moreover, soil application of extract, especially in two-leaf stage, reduced leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content significantly. In conclusion, walnuts potentially have the ability to be used in weed management. Furthermore, in compliance with principles of sustainable agriculture, putting this method to use has the least environmental impact.

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Influence of three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus SPP.) on physiological characters of wheat under the salinity conditions

S. Habibi; M. Meskarbashee; M. Farzaneh

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 37-52

Abstract

    Read More

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Effect of different levels of potassium on soluble carbohydrate remobilization in two bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

A. Alizadeh; M. Nabipoor; A. Rahnama

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 69-82

Abstract

  Side transportation of storage carbohydrates is one of the most important physiological indices in yield formation. In order to study potassium variation levels (200, 300 and 400 mg ...  Read More Side transportation of storage carbohydrates is one of the most important physiological indices in yield formation. In order to study potassium variation levels (200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1) on side transportation and soluble carbohydrate contents in two wheat cultivars with different maturity period (Veerynak and Chamran as early and medium maturity types, respectively), a pot experiment was carried out in the glasshouse using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The stem soluble carbohydrate in both cultivars was higher at 300 mg kg-1 from flowering to maturity stages at this potassium level. Total soluble carbohydrate was higher at 300 mg kg-1 than two other potassium levels. Leaf soluble carbohydrate in both cultivars was higher at 200 mg kg-1, although the potassium level was lower. Potassium was also caused to increase grain starch during the grain filling period. In general, due to lower leaf area duration in both cultivars, remobilization was lower at 200 mg kg-1 than other levels

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Response to direct and indirect selection of grain yield, oil and yield components in canola varieties under normal and soil moisture stress

M. Jafarzadeh ghahdrijani; M.M. Majidi; A.F. Mirlohi; M. Ebrahimiyan

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 129-141

Abstract

  Breeding based on selection indices is an effective method for improving complex traits such as yield. To assess the efficiency of different selection indices 28 cultivars of canola ...  Read More Breeding based on selection indices is an effective method for improving complex traits such as yield. To assess the efficiency of different selection indices 28 cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated under two soil moisture conditions including full irrigation (normal environment) and deficit irrigation (stress environment). The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009. Selection indices were computed based on Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker methods by seven traits including days to flowering, number of pod per plant, grain number in pod, 1000-grain weight, oil percentage, oil yield and grain yield under both conditions in two forms (with and without yield). Results of genetic correlation coefficients indicated that there was a significant and positive correlation between grain yield and oil yield. Also, the number of pod per plant positively correlated with grain yield and oil yield under both soil moisture conditions indicating that this trait can be useful to indirect improvement of grain and oil yield. In conclusion, results indicated that Smith-Hazel index (with oil yield or grain yield) had the most selection efficiency and can be used to increase oil yield and grain yield in canola breeding programs.

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Study of soybean genotypes reaction to the application of bacteria and different nitrogen levels in North Khouzestan conditions

S.A. Kalantar Ahmadi; J. Daneshian; S.A. Siadat

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 1-13

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and bacteria application on the yield of soybean genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural Research ...  Read More In order to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and bacteria application on the yield of soybean genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in 2007. The experiment was implemented as a split split plot completely randomized block with 3 replications. Main plots consisted of 2 levels of bacteria (use and non-use of bacteria), while sub plots included 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kgN/ha) and sub-sub plots were 3 genotypes (504, L14 and DPX). Results showed that application of bacteria did not have a significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, plant height and number of nodesper plant. These results showed the lack of nitrogen fixation bacterial activity in climatic North Khouzestan cinditions.The application of nitrogen led to increasing the number of pods per plant and grain yield. This result indicated that the highest (3822.22 kg/ha) and the lowest (1950.08 kg/ha) grain yield belong to 0 and 120 kgN/ha, respectively. Nitrogen × genotypes interaction effect showed the highest grain yield (4308.33 kg/ha) belonged to DPX genotype with the application of 120 kgN/ha and the lowest grain yield (1890 kg/ha) belonged to L14 without the application of nitrogen. Considering the different genotypes’responses to different levels of nitrogen and the sensitivity of indeterminate genotype (504) to lodging, it is suitable to use 80 kgN/ha for 504 and L14 genotypes, but for determinate growth genotypes (DPX) the use of 120 kgN/ha can also be appropriate. 

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The effect of chilling stress on anti-oxidative enzymes activity in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Z. Hasannejad; S.M. Seyyednejad; Abdol Ali Gilani; P. Hassibi

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 27-37

Abstract

  In order to investigate the chilling effect and consequently oxidative stress on anti-oxidant system of two rice cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Research Center of Agriculture ...  Read More In order to investigate the chilling effect and consequently oxidative stress on anti-oxidant system of two rice cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resource of Khouzestan in February and March 2011. The experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three sowing dates, including19th and 28th of February and 10th of March and two rice cultivars (Champa and Dollar) were randomized in sub-plots. Results showed that low temperature decreased the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes including Peroxidase (POX), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) of leaf and root of both cultivars significantly. The lowest activity was in Dollar variety. Amount of Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly during chilling stress. The largest amount of MDA was in the leaves and root of Dollar cultivars (59.8 and 20.95 mM. grFW) in second sowing date. Protein content of leaf and root of two cultivars was decreased. Therefore, Champa cultivar due to effective anti-oxidant system and decreased of MDA content was more tolerant chilling and oxidative stress in comparison to Dollar cultivar. 

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The evaluation of some growth and physiological indicators and enzymatic activities in Conocarpus erectus L. under oil sewage and calcium oxide treatments

E. Rezazadeh Katehsari; R. Fotouhi Ghazvini; V. Jafarian; l. abdoli

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 63-73

Abstract

  The identification of plants that are able to grow in the presence of oil pollutants or be effective in reducing pollution is very important. The experiment was acnducted in order to ...  Read More The identification of plants that are able to grow in the presence of oil pollutants or be effective in reducing pollution is very important. The experiment was acnducted in order to evaluate the phytoremediation rate and resistance of Conocarpus erectus L. under different oil sewage concentrations and calcium oxide levels in the Research Department of Horticulture, University of Hormozgan in 2009. Accordingly, four eaves seedlings were treated by oil sewage under five levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/kg soil), and calcium oxide under five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent). Despite the relative tolerance of seedlings to the oil sewage besed on the plant appearance, the results showed that the increasing of oil effluent concentration to 20 ml significantly decreased the vegetative traits such as shoot dry weight and root dry weight to 67% and 66%, respectively. In addition, 20 ml of waste oil reduced 50.6% peroxidase ascorbate enzyme activity and 62.1%of total solution protein. In comparison to control, waste oil at 20 ml level increased the ion leakage and lipids peroxidation to 51.8% and 42.8%, respectively. On the other hand, calcium oxide reduced damages of waste oil and improved vegetative traits such as shoot dry weight and root dry weight. Calcium oxide treatments also improved ion leakage, lipid peroxidation, and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme, and total solution protein. The use of Conocarpus erectus L for further phytoremediation studies can be useful. According to its relative resistance against oil sewage as well as the desired effects of calcium oxide on the plant, Conocarpus erectus L. could be introduced for phytoremediation in the oil -polluted soils. 

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Effect of plant-derived smoke extrat on some under- ground and above-ground traits of winter wheat

S.S. Moosavi; M.R. Abdollahi; H. Mazahery laghb; B. Mehrshad

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 81-92

Abstract

  The present study was conducted to determine the effect of plant-derived smoke extract on some under-ground and above-ground traits of two winter cultivars of wheat (Pishgam and Navid) ...  Read More The present study was conducted to determine the effect of plant-derived smoke extract on some under-ground and above-ground traits of two winter cultivars of wheat (Pishgam and Navid) as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In this research, the effect of three concentrations of smoke extract (0, 1:10 and 1:100) on some growth traits of wheat including, number of tillage, shoot length, spike length, awn lenght, flag length, spiklet number per spike, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root number, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root dry weight/ root fresh weight, shoot dry weight/ shoot fresh weight, root/shoot fresh weight, root/shoot dry weight was studied. The results showed significant differences among various concentrations of smoke extract for the majority of traits. Concentration of 1: 100 was the best treatment compared to control. Futhermore, there was a significant diference between the two wheat cultivars, and the Pishgam cultivar was more than Navid in terms of majority of traits. The interaction of cultivar with smoke water concentration was significant for shoot length, shoot dry weight, shoot dry weight/ shoot fresh weigth, root fresh weight/shoot fresh weight, and in this case, the slicing method was used for data analysis. Finally, the consentration of 1:100 was the best smoke solution for all traits and the Pishgam cultivar showed a better response to smoke water. 

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Evaluation of yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.) under plant residues treatments, nitrogen and micro elements in Ahvaz

S.N. Ghaemmaghami; M. Meskarbashee; A.A. Moezzi

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 119-130

Abstract

  In order to investigate the yield and components of safflower under plant residue treatments, nitrogen and micro element in Ahvaz, this experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 cropping ...  Read More In order to investigate the yield and components of safflower under plant residue treatments, nitrogen and micro element in Ahvaz, this experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 cropping season in Agriculture College of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz by using split plot based on Randomized Complete blocks design with three replications. Different values of plant residues at four levels (complete residues (5 ton/ha straw), incomplete plant residues (3 ton/ha straw), burning of plant residues and elimination of the plant residues) and sub-factor different values of nitrogen fertilizer at 3 levels (consumption of 150, 100 and 50 kg N/ha) and sub-sub-factor micro elements of spray at 2 levels (micro elements unsparing and spraying recommendeddose of fertilizer) was considered. AlphaBased on the results, a significant difference in grain yield, captiual per plant, grain per captiual, 1000 grain weight, and oil percentage was showed. Maximum grain yield resulted from treatment of incomplete plant residues, 100 kg N/ha and spray of micro elements (with mean 6278.87 kg/h). Minimum grain yield resulted from burning of plant residues, 50 kg/h and micro elements (with mean 1771.48 kg/h). The highest percentage of oil was equal to 33.5% (in complete plant residues with 150 kg N/ha and spraying micro elements) but that was not significant from 31% that was obtained in incomplete plant residues with 100 kg N/ha with spraying micro elements. 

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Isolation of Azospirillum and evaluation of the effect of four superior isolates on the germination of Canola seeds

N. Ghaderi; M. Olamaee; M.H. Arzanesh; Y. Mohammadnezhad; A.R. Rabiezadeh

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 9-21

Abstract

  Azospirillum is one of the plant growth-promoting bacteria which is in the rhizosphere and the intercellular of the cereals and other plant roots. One of the characteristics of this ...  Read More Azospirillum is one of the plant growth-promoting bacteria which is in the rhizosphere and the intercellular of the cereals and other plant roots. One of the characteristics of this bacterium, considered in this study, was its effect on the germination ability of inoculated seeds. In this research, 58 Azospirillum isolates were isolated from 38 samples of soils and canola roots from the different regions of Golestan province, Iran and then they were compared to select superior growth promoting isolates. The effect of inoculation with 4 superior isolates along with control (noninoculated) was evaluated on some germination parameters of canola seeds (Hayola 401) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 8 replications. Results showed that germination percentage, average of germination time andgermination rate were significantly different (p<0.01) among various isolates. The inoculationof canola seeds germination percentage and germination rate decreased and germination time increased as compared to the control. AC34-III isolate produced the minimum amount of auxin, so the lowest germination percentage and germination rate were attributed to it compared with other isolates. Moreover the higher auxin-producing isolate )Ac43-III( showed the maximum germination percentage that was introduced as the best bacterial treatment. 

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Effect of gamma ray treatment on seed germination traits and seedling growth of Agropyron elongatum and Bromus tomentellus

A. Alizadeh; G.A. Dianati Tilaki; B. Naserian Khiabani

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 69-77

Abstract

  In this study seeds of two important rangeland species were treated with 3, 6, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma ray and its effect on germination traits was investigatedin range ...  Read More In this study seeds of two important rangeland species were treated with 3, 6, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma ray and its effect on germination traits was investigatedin range management laboratory of Natural Resources Faculty of Tarbiat Modares University. This investigation was performed in Bahman (January, 2011), and irradiated seeds were sown in Petri in a completely randomized experimental design for each species with 3 replications of 50seeds dishes, and then germination traits were evaluated. The results showed that gamma ray had no significant effect on germination traits of B.tomentellus. About the seeds of A.elongatum, the dose of 6 Gy had the most positive effect on the parameter of germination speed that had significant difference with non-irradiated seeds (p<0.05), and this parameter increased from 5.77 to 7.89 (seeds/day). Also, the vigority index of this grass was higher in 30Gy treatment and increased from 89.83 in non-irradiated seeds to 118.11 in treated seeds. Likewise, the wet weight of seedling’s root and shoot was higher in these treat too; however, the highest number of seedling’s root dry weight was related to 20 gray treat, and there was no significant difference in seedling’s shoot wet weight. In general, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma ray had negative effect on germination traits.This results show that the effect of gamma ray varies on seeds of the two investigated species

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Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

M.S. Emadi; P. Hassibi; A.R. Azimi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

  To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing ...  Read More To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing season at research field of Shahid Chamran University as split plots based on randomized compelet block design. Results showed that putresine, Boron and Molybdenum foliar application during tillering+booting growth stages significantly increased grain yield in Chamran and Star. Using putresine significantly increased Leaf Area Duration (LAD) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Foliar application of nutrients resulted in more CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance as against control condition (without foliar application of nutrients), so leaf temperature significantly decreased. The highest respiration rate was observed in control and the lowest was measured in putresine treatment during tillering+booting. Foliar application increased both effective grain filling period and speed of grain filling. The speed of grain filling in control condition of Chamran cultivar was 91.27 mg.d-1 while application of putresine during tillering and booting stages increased that to 145.09 mg.d-1.Because of early spring hight temperatures in Ahvaz as one of the limiting factors in yield of wheat crop, it seems that foliar application of nutrients could be effective in increasing of net assimilation, LAD, LAI, stomatal conductance, grain filling period and grain yield.

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Responses of bread wheat genotypes to heat stress during grain filling period under Ahvaz conditions

M. Mojtabaie Zamani; M. Nabipour; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 119-130

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of heat stress during grain filling period on yield, yield components, grain filling rate and duration, a field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 ...  Read More In order to study the effect of heat stress during grain filling period on yield, yield components, grain filling rate and duration, a field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 growing season in Ahvaz conditions, as factorial based on randomized block with three replicates. The experimental factors consisted of 10 mid maturity bread wheat genotypes (Chamran, Atrak, Aflak, Dez, Falat, Darab2, Kavir, Pishtaz, S-78-11, S-83-3) and two sowing dates, including the optimum (12 Nov.) and late sowing date (21 Dec.). The results showed that in late sowing date, yield and yield components were reduced significantly in all genotypes. Atrak and Pishtaz had the minimum (8.2 %) and maximum (26.3%) reduction of grain yield, respectively. In late sowing date, Kavir and Chamran had the highest (584.3 and 579.8 g.m-2, respectively) and Pishtaz had the lowest (446.3 g.m-2) grain yield. Based on the heat susceptibility index among all genotypes, Atrak was heat- tolerant, Chamran, Kavir, Dez, Falat and Aflak were moderately tolerant and S-78-11, S-83-3, Darab2 and Pishtaz were heat- susceptible. The shortening of effective grain filling period in late sowing date resulted in reduction of thousand-grain weight and increase in grain filling rate could not compensate for  grain filling period reduction. Overall, it seems that only the higher grain growth rate under heat stress during grain filling period cannot contribute to the higher grain yield and other factors such as grain filling period and number of grains per spike seem to be more important

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Effect of integrated nutrient management and weed competition on efficiency and potential of accumulation and remobilization of dry matter in wheat main stem internodes

S. Ghalambaz; A. Aynehband; A. Moezzi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 131-144

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of integrated chemical and biological fertilizer in competition with weeds on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, a field study was conducted ...  Read More In order to study the effect of integrated chemical and biological fertilizer in competition with weeds on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, a field study was conducted at 2010-2011 in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete block with 3 replications. The main plot included 5 integrated nutrient managements and the sub-plot also included 3 competitions intensity. Lengths and dry weight of main stem internodes and dry matter remobilization efficiency were calculated. Our results showed dry matter accumulation and translocation efficiency was changed by changing the chemical fertilizer ratio in integrated treatments. The treatment of 50% chemical fertilizer with biological fertilizer had the highest translocation efficiency (43/30), percent of dry matter translocation (51/10), and also, dry matter translocation (2/09). Different integrated nutrient management treatments had higher effect on dry matters translocation efficiency than weed competition treatments. In addition, weight changed more than length in all 3 types of stem internodes. Finally, our results showed that integrated VS. biological methods had more consisted sitvation for wheat in ternods characters.

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Evaluation of water deficit stress tolerance induced by seed priming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

A. Eivazi; A. Najafi Par; S.H. Mousavi Anzabi; H. Ranji

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

  To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural ...  Read More To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in West Azerbaijan province at 2008-9 seasons. A factorial experiment was formed, with the first factor including four cultivars Zarrin and Shahriar (irrigated cultivars), Sardary and Azar (rainfed cultivars) and the second factor, hydro-priming, osmotic solutions (10% polyethylene glycol (8000), 2.5% KCL, 5% NaCl, 10% Urea, 4/0% Micro nutrient), plant growth regulators (1000 ppm Cycocel and 20 ppm Auxin) and non priming as a control. Treatments were arranged at laboratory in Completely Randomized Design and two separate experiments with Randomized Blocks Design under normal and water stress at field conditions with five replications. Irrigation was held at booting stage in water stress experiment. Results of analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences for traits of plumule and radical lenghts and their dry weights, grain yield and its components, total dry matter and relative water content of lage feaf (P≤0.05). Pretreatment of Cycocel was allocated maximum plumule (17.8cm) and radical (17.2cm) lenghts and their dry weights (8.0 and 11.5mg, respectively). All priming treatments at four cultivars had more grain yield than control and at plant growth regulators were dominant and the highest variation percentage. Total dry matter (-10.7%), grain yield (-4.0%) and relative water content (-9.3%) at seed priming with potassium cholride had the lowest variation percentage under water stress than normal conditions. This pretreatment increased spike per squar meter in Shariar, Zarrin and Azar. Within cultivars, Azar with 0.89 susceptibility index was the most tolerance to drought stress. Traits of total dry matter, grain per spike and spike per squar meter observed positive significant correlations with grain yield at seed priming treatments, 0.91**, 0.92** and 0.79*, respectively. It seems that these traits could be used as an indirect criterion for selection of cultivars with high grain yield.  

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Analysis of canola stability in rain-fed conditions and comparison of stable genotypes selection methods using stability indices

J. Ahmadi; B. Vaezi; H. Naraki

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 13-22

Abstract

  The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction ...  Read More The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction is very important for releasing stable varieties in different regions. In this research, the stability and adaptability of 19 advanced lines of canola for grain yield were compared in Gachsaran (semi-warm and dry area) experimental station during 2005 to 2007 cropping seasons. The experimental design in all three years was randomized completely block design with three replications. Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of variety and year × variety interaction were significant. The different stability methods were used to identify stable genotypes in this research. These methods were parametric including, type I parameters (Environmental variance (S2i), Coefficient of variation (C.V.)), type II parameters (Shukla stability of variance and Wrick equivalence indices, regression (bi)), type III parameters (Deviation of regression (S2di), and Non-parametric method of rank (based on R and SDR parameters). Finally, genotypes Option 500، PP-308-8، PP-401-15E ، PP-401-16 and Shiralee with high stability and grain and oil yields were selected and introduced as the most stable cultivars with high oil yield.

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Evaluating the use of urban treated sewage and nitrogen on yield and forage production of sweet corn

M.J. Fereidooni; H. Farajee; H.R. Owliaie; A. Salehi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 35-47

Abstract

  This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction of urban treated sewage and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and forage production of sweet corn in research farm of Yasouj, during ...  Read More This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction of urban treated sewage and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and forage production of sweet corn in research farm of Yasouj, during agronomic year of 2008-2009. Experimental factors consisted of 5 irrigation levels including common irrigation water from emergence (SG=10) to milk stage (SG=82) (I1), from SG=10 to tassling (SG=50) with sewage effluent and from SG=50 to SG=82 with common irrigation water (I2), from SG=10 to SG=50 with common irrigation water and from SG=50 to SG=82 with sewage effluent (I3), alternate irrigation with common irrigation water and sewage effluent till stage (SG=82) (I4), sewage effluent till stage (SG=82) (I5), and 3 nitrogen rates (N0=0, N80= 80 and N160=160 kg N ha-1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated that interaction of irrigation and nitrogen was significant on fresh ear yield and canned grain yield. The highest fresh ear and canned grain yield were in treatment I5N80, as 2548 and 1246 gr m-2 and the minimum fresh ear yield and canned grain yield were found in treatment I1N0, as 1090 and 360 gr m-2 respectively. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen was significant on biological yield and fresh forage yield. The highest biological yield and wet forage yield were obtained in treatment I4N80, 5442 and 2897 gr m-2, respectively. The minimum biological yield and wet forage was in treatment I1N0, as 2953, 1863 and 447 gr m-2 respectively. At I5 Irrigation level, nitrogen consumption was decreased 50%. In summary, application of sewage effluent reduced used nitrogen fertilizer rate.

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Comparison of wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz

Ali Moshattati; S.A. Siadat; Kh. Alami-Saeid; A.M. Bakhshandeh; M.R. Jalal-Kamali

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 61-73

Abstract

  Many indices have been introduced to compare of tolerance and susceptibility of field crops to environmental stresses. In order to compare spring bread wheat cultivars using indices ...  Read More Many indices have been introduced to compare of tolerance and susceptibility of field crops to environmental stresses. In order to compare spring bread wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress, a field experiment was conducted in Ramin University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Ahvaz in 2007-2009. The experimental design was stripe block in randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors were four sowing dates (6 Nov., 6 Dec., 5 Jan. and 4 Feb.) in horizontal plots and 20 spring wheat cultivars in vertical plots. The results showed that cultivars had a significant effect on the stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TI), productivity mean (MP), harmonic mean (HM), yield stability index (YSI), ranking index (Rank), geometric productivity mean (GPM), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability (YI), modified stress tolerance index for favorable conditions (MSTI1), modified stress tolerance index for unfavorable conditions (MSTI2) and yield reduction percent index (YRPI). Generally, the stress tolerance index (STI) was the best estimate of tolerance and susceptibility of spring bread wheat cultivars to terminal heat stress showing Virinak and Roshan as tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively.

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The evaluation of some physiological and biochemical variations of salt water irrigation tolerance in three canola genotypes

F Tahmasebi; P. Hassibi; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 75-86

Abstract

  The study of biochemical and physiological variations under salinity stress conditions may provide a means to understand effective factors in salinity stress conditions. In order to ...  Read More The study of biochemical and physiological variations under salinity stress conditions may provide a means to understand effective factors in salinity stress conditions. In order to evaluate the factors that affect salinity, this experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2008-2009 growing season. This experiment carried out using a factorial test based on completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor (genotype) included Hayola 401, RGS0003, and Shiraly, and the second factor (salinity levels) had three levels of salinity (50, 100 and 150 mM) as well as distilled water as control conditions. Sources of salinity were NaCl and CaCl2 with equal ratio applied until the end of the flowering stage. Salt stress caused decrease of shoot dry weight, osmotic potential, and RWC in all three genotypes. The results showed that total soluble sugars and SPAD value increased in 100 mM but decreased at 150 mM. Under salinity stress, proline content increased along with increasing of salt stress. Shiraly genotype had effective mechanisms to induce tolerance to salinity stress compared to the other studied genotypes. The results of correlation traits indicated that in all three salinity levels, decreasing of total dry weight increased SSI. In 100 mM, RWC showed negative correlation with SSI. There was a negative correlation between proline and osmotic potential in 50 and 100 mM. High accumulation of proline, more total dry matter, and RWC of leaves might be useful criteria for the selection of canola genotypes under salinity stress conditions.

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Effects of various periods of water logging surface stress in the different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Khuzestan environment

M. Khalafi; M.H. Gharineh; A. Bakhshandeh; E. Lakzadeh; G. Fathi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 87-97

Abstract

  In order to study the effects of different levels of water logging at different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley WB-79-10, a field experiment was carried out using ...  Read More In order to study the effects of different levels of water logging at different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley WB-79-10, a field experiment was carried out using split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications in Ramin Research Field Station in a growing season (2009-2010) in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz. Tillering, stem elongation and booting stage were assigned to main plots, and water logging periods, including 0, 7 and 14 days in terms of water logging were randomized in sub–plots. The results showed that between the beginning stages of water logging and various water logging periods for yield and yield components, significant differences exist. The water logging at tillering stage had more damage than stem elongation and booting stages on grain yield and its components. In the tillering stage, grain yield at 7 and 14 days, compared to control water logging 42 and 78.28 percent respectively, to the spikelet, respectively 20.84 and 37.5 percent and to the grain number per ear 22.31 and 41.04 percent respectively, decreased. Overall, the results showed that water logging at each stage of plant growth, even in a short period, led to irrecoverable damage on yield and its components on the leaves.

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The effect of irrigation timing and different fertilizer systems (NPK application) and manure on remobilization and current photosynthesis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

M. Namarvari; Ghodratallah fathi; A. Bakhshandeh; M.H. Gharineh; S. Jafari

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 99-109

Abstract

  This field experiment was conducted for evaluation of irrigation timing on different fertilizer systems on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran v.) in 2009-2010. The experiment ...  Read More This field experiment was conducted for evaluation of irrigation timing on different fertilizer systems on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran v.) in 2009-2010. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replications (split plot design) at Ramin of Agriculture and Natural Resources University. To evaluate the effect of irrigation time the following treatments were applied: cut irrigation I1) from spike formation to harvesting, I2) from anthesis stage to harvesting, and I3) control with complete irrigation. For fertilizer systems, treatments included NPK Chemical NPK chemical sources manure, biological fertilizer and biological and manure. The effect of irrigation timing and fertilizer systems had a significant effect at 1% on remobilization, percent of organic matter remobilization efficiency, seed fraction of remobilization and current photosynthesis. The I3 had minimum remobilization content and maximum current photosynthesis, but I1 treatment had opposite trend. The biological fertilizer together with manure had maximum remobilization and current photosynthesis. Therefore, biological fertilizer together with manure can provide a good condition for high yield production in wheat, even under drought stress at the end of the ripening period.

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Quantity and quality improving of soybean yield by zinc and iron foliar application under drought stress

M. Jalili Sheshbahre; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; S.M. Hashemi jazi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 111-122

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as ...  Read More In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as a split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The main factor included four drought stress levels as irrigation after 60, 80, 100, 120 mm evaporation and the sub factor constituted four levels of foliar application as a water, zinc, iron and combined zinc and iron. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between drought stress and foliar application for seed per pod, pod in lateral branches, biological yield and seed yield. The maximum pod per main node stem and seed weight was obtained from the irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and foliar application of combined zinc and iron. Foliar application of zinc and combined zinc and iron had the highest effect on the seed, biological, protein, oil yield and harvest index. Also, foliar application had a significant effect on zinc and iron concentration in seeds and leaves.

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