Plant Productions

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

M.S. Emadi; P. Hassibi; A.R. Azimi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

  To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing ...  Read More To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing season at research field of Shahid Chamran University as split plots based on randomized compelet block design. Results showed that putresine, Boron and Molybdenum foliar application during tillering+booting growth stages significantly increased grain yield in Chamran and Star. Using putresine significantly increased Leaf Area Duration (LAD) and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Foliar application of nutrients resulted in more CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance as against control condition (without foliar application of nutrients), so leaf temperature significantly decreased. The highest respiration rate was observed in control and the lowest was measured in putresine treatment during tillering+booting. Foliar application increased both effective grain filling period and speed of grain filling. The speed of grain filling in control condition of Chamran cultivar was 91.27 mg.d-1 while application of putresine during tillering and booting stages increased that to 145.09 mg.d-1.Because of early spring hight temperatures in Ahvaz as one of the limiting factors in yield of wheat crop, it seems that foliar application of nutrients could be effective in increasing of net assimilation, LAD, LAI, stomatal conductance, grain filling period and grain yield.

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Responses of bread wheat genotypes to heat stress during grain filling period under Ahvaz conditions

M. Mojtabaie Zamani; M. Nabipour; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 119-130

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of heat stress during grain filling period on yield, yield components, grain filling rate and duration, a field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 ...  Read More In order to study the effect of heat stress during grain filling period on yield, yield components, grain filling rate and duration, a field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 growing season in Ahvaz conditions, as factorial based on randomized block with three replicates. The experimental factors consisted of 10 mid maturity bread wheat genotypes (Chamran, Atrak, Aflak, Dez, Falat, Darab2, Kavir, Pishtaz, S-78-11, S-83-3) and two sowing dates, including the optimum (12 Nov.) and late sowing date (21 Dec.). The results showed that in late sowing date, yield and yield components were reduced significantly in all genotypes. Atrak and Pishtaz had the minimum (8.2 %) and maximum (26.3%) reduction of grain yield, respectively. In late sowing date, Kavir and Chamran had the highest (584.3 and 579.8 g.m-2, respectively) and Pishtaz had the lowest (446.3 g.m-2) grain yield. Based on the heat susceptibility index among all genotypes, Atrak was heat- tolerant, Chamran, Kavir, Dez, Falat and Aflak were moderately tolerant and S-78-11, S-83-3, Darab2 and Pishtaz were heat- susceptible. The shortening of effective grain filling period in late sowing date resulted in reduction of thousand-grain weight and increase in grain filling rate could not compensate for  grain filling period reduction. Overall, it seems that only the higher grain growth rate under heat stress during grain filling period cannot contribute to the higher grain yield and other factors such as grain filling period and number of grains per spike seem to be more important

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Effect of integrated nutrient management and weed competition on efficiency and potential of accumulation and remobilization of dry matter in wheat main stem internodes

S. Ghalambaz; A. Aynehband; A. Moezzi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 131-144

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of integrated chemical and biological fertilizer in competition with weeds on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, a field study was conducted ...  Read More In order to study the effect of integrated chemical and biological fertilizer in competition with weeds on accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, a field study was conducted at 2010-2011 in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete block with 3 replications. The main plot included 5 integrated nutrient managements and the sub-plot also included 3 competitions intensity. Lengths and dry weight of main stem internodes and dry matter remobilization efficiency were calculated. Our results showed dry matter accumulation and translocation efficiency was changed by changing the chemical fertilizer ratio in integrated treatments. The treatment of 50% chemical fertilizer with biological fertilizer had the highest translocation efficiency (43/30), percent of dry matter translocation (51/10), and also, dry matter translocation (2/09). Different integrated nutrient management treatments had higher effect on dry matters translocation efficiency than weed competition treatments. In addition, weight changed more than length in all 3 types of stem internodes. Finally, our results showed that integrated VS. biological methods had more consisted sitvation for wheat in ternods characters.

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Evaluation of water deficit stress tolerance induced by seed priming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

A. Eivazi; A. Najafi Par; S.H. Mousavi Anzabi; H. Ranji

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

  To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural ...  Read More To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in West Azerbaijan province at 2008-9 seasons. A factorial experiment was formed, with the first factor including four cultivars Zarrin and Shahriar (irrigated cultivars), Sardary and Azar (rainfed cultivars) and the second factor, hydro-priming, osmotic solutions (10% polyethylene glycol (8000), 2.5% KCL, 5% NaCl, 10% Urea, 4/0% Micro nutrient), plant growth regulators (1000 ppm Cycocel and 20 ppm Auxin) and non priming as a control. Treatments were arranged at laboratory in Completely Randomized Design and two separate experiments with Randomized Blocks Design under normal and water stress at field conditions with five replications. Irrigation was held at booting stage in water stress experiment. Results of analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences for traits of plumule and radical lenghts and their dry weights, grain yield and its components, total dry matter and relative water content of lage feaf (P≤0.05). Pretreatment of Cycocel was allocated maximum plumule (17.8cm) and radical (17.2cm) lenghts and their dry weights (8.0 and 11.5mg, respectively). All priming treatments at four cultivars had more grain yield than control and at plant growth regulators were dominant and the highest variation percentage. Total dry matter (-10.7%), grain yield (-4.0%) and relative water content (-9.3%) at seed priming with potassium cholride had the lowest variation percentage under water stress than normal conditions. This pretreatment increased spike per squar meter in Shariar, Zarrin and Azar. Within cultivars, Azar with 0.89 susceptibility index was the most tolerance to drought stress. Traits of total dry matter, grain per spike and spike per squar meter observed positive significant correlations with grain yield at seed priming treatments, 0.91**, 0.92** and 0.79*, respectively. It seems that these traits could be used as an indirect criterion for selection of cultivars with high grain yield.  

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Analysis of canola stability in rain-fed conditions and comparison of stable genotypes selection methods using stability indices

J. Ahmadi; B. Vaezi; H. Naraki

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 13-22

Abstract

  The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction ...  Read More The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction is very important for releasing stable varieties in different regions. In this research, the stability and adaptability of 19 advanced lines of canola for grain yield were compared in Gachsaran (semi-warm and dry area) experimental station during 2005 to 2007 cropping seasons. The experimental design in all three years was randomized completely block design with three replications. Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of variety and year × variety interaction were significant. The different stability methods were used to identify stable genotypes in this research. These methods were parametric including, type I parameters (Environmental variance (S2i), Coefficient of variation (C.V.)), type II parameters (Shukla stability of variance and Wrick equivalence indices, regression (bi)), type III parameters (Deviation of regression (S2di), and Non-parametric method of rank (based on R and SDR parameters). Finally, genotypes Option 500، PP-308-8، PP-401-15E ، PP-401-16 and Shiralee with high stability and grain and oil yields were selected and introduced as the most stable cultivars with high oil yield.

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Evaluating the use of urban treated sewage and nitrogen on yield and forage production of sweet corn

M.J. Fereidooni; H. Farajee; H.R. Owliaie; A. Salehi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 35-47

Abstract

  This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction of urban treated sewage and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and forage production of sweet corn in research farm of Yasouj, during ...  Read More This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction of urban treated sewage and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and forage production of sweet corn in research farm of Yasouj, during agronomic year of 2008-2009. Experimental factors consisted of 5 irrigation levels including common irrigation water from emergence (SG=10) to milk stage (SG=82) (I1), from SG=10 to tassling (SG=50) with sewage effluent and from SG=50 to SG=82 with common irrigation water (I2), from SG=10 to SG=50 with common irrigation water and from SG=50 to SG=82 with sewage effluent (I3), alternate irrigation with common irrigation water and sewage effluent till stage (SG=82) (I4), sewage effluent till stage (SG=82) (I5), and 3 nitrogen rates (N0=0, N80= 80 and N160=160 kg N ha-1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated that interaction of irrigation and nitrogen was significant on fresh ear yield and canned grain yield. The highest fresh ear and canned grain yield were in treatment I5N80, as 2548 and 1246 gr m-2 and the minimum fresh ear yield and canned grain yield were found in treatment I1N0, as 1090 and 360 gr m-2 respectively. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen was significant on biological yield and fresh forage yield. The highest biological yield and wet forage yield were obtained in treatment I4N80, 5442 and 2897 gr m-2, respectively. The minimum biological yield and wet forage was in treatment I1N0, as 2953, 1863 and 447 gr m-2 respectively. At I5 Irrigation level, nitrogen consumption was decreased 50%. In summary, application of sewage effluent reduced used nitrogen fertilizer rate.

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The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

H. Nadian; M. Heidari; M.H. Gharineh; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 49-59

Abstract

  The effect of different levels of salinity arising from sodium chloride on plant growth parameters, phosphorus, potassium and sodium uptake by saffron plant with and without mycorrhiza ...  Read More The effect of different levels of salinity arising from sodium chloride on plant growth parameters, phosphorus, potassium and sodium uptake by saffron plant with and without mycorrhiza was studied in a pot experiment. A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was performed. The results showed that increasing salinity from 1.5 to 7.5 dS m-1 significantly decreased plant dry weight. The decreased plant dry weight was attributed to the toxicity resulting from high Na+ concentration and low K+ concentration in plant tissues. Mycorrhizal colonization led to a significant reduction in the concentration of Na+ and improved K+: Na+ ratio,and this in turn, resulted in a considerable increase in plant growth. Percentage of root colonization was not affected by salinity. Despite the reduction of mycorrhizal plant dry weight with increasing salinity, mycorrhizal growth response increased as salinity was increased. Shoot phosphorus concentration and shoot phosphorus content of mycorrhizal plant were significantly higher than those in the shoot of non-mycorrhizal plant. Although shoot phosphorus content decreased with increasing salinity, shoot phosphorus content per unit root length colonized increased as salinity was increased, and this may explain the increased mycorrhizal growth response with increasing salinity. In conclusion, the result of this study, for the first time, showed that saffron has high mycorrhizal dependency, and mycorrhizal colonization alleviated the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth, uptake of phosphorous and potassium and K+:Na+ ratio.

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Comparison of wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz

Ali Moshattati; S.A. Siadat; Kh. Alami-Saeid; A.M. Bakhshandeh; M.R. Jalal-Kamali

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 61-73

Abstract

  Many indices have been introduced to compare of tolerance and susceptibility of field crops to environmental stresses. In order to compare spring bread wheat cultivars using indices ...  Read More Many indices have been introduced to compare of tolerance and susceptibility of field crops to environmental stresses. In order to compare spring bread wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress, a field experiment was conducted in Ramin University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Ahvaz in 2007-2009. The experimental design was stripe block in randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors were four sowing dates (6 Nov., 6 Dec., 5 Jan. and 4 Feb.) in horizontal plots and 20 spring wheat cultivars in vertical plots. The results showed that cultivars had a significant effect on the stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TI), productivity mean (MP), harmonic mean (HM), yield stability index (YSI), ranking index (Rank), geometric productivity mean (GPM), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability (YI), modified stress tolerance index for favorable conditions (MSTI1), modified stress tolerance index for unfavorable conditions (MSTI2) and yield reduction percent index (YRPI). Generally, the stress tolerance index (STI) was the best estimate of tolerance and susceptibility of spring bread wheat cultivars to terminal heat stress showing Virinak and Roshan as tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively.

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The evaluation of some physiological and biochemical variations of salt water irrigation tolerance in three canola genotypes

F Tahmasebi; P. Hassibi; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 75-86

Abstract

  The study of biochemical and physiological variations under salinity stress conditions may provide a means to understand effective factors in salinity stress conditions. In order to ...  Read More The study of biochemical and physiological variations under salinity stress conditions may provide a means to understand effective factors in salinity stress conditions. In order to evaluate the factors that affect salinity, this experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2008-2009 growing season. This experiment carried out using a factorial test based on completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor (genotype) included Hayola 401, RGS0003, and Shiraly, and the second factor (salinity levels) had three levels of salinity (50, 100 and 150 mM) as well as distilled water as control conditions. Sources of salinity were NaCl and CaCl2 with equal ratio applied until the end of the flowering stage. Salt stress caused decrease of shoot dry weight, osmotic potential, and RWC in all three genotypes. The results showed that total soluble sugars and SPAD value increased in 100 mM but decreased at 150 mM. Under salinity stress, proline content increased along with increasing of salt stress. Shiraly genotype had effective mechanisms to induce tolerance to salinity stress compared to the other studied genotypes. The results of correlation traits indicated that in all three salinity levels, decreasing of total dry weight increased SSI. In 100 mM, RWC showed negative correlation with SSI. There was a negative correlation between proline and osmotic potential in 50 and 100 mM. High accumulation of proline, more total dry matter, and RWC of leaves might be useful criteria for the selection of canola genotypes under salinity stress conditions.

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Effects of various periods of water logging surface stress in the different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Khuzestan environment

M. Khalafi; M.H. Gharineh; A. Bakhshandeh; E. Lakzadeh; G. Fathi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 87-97

Abstract

  In order to study the effects of different levels of water logging at different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley WB-79-10, a field experiment was carried out using ...  Read More In order to study the effects of different levels of water logging at different growth stages on yield and yield components of barley WB-79-10, a field experiment was carried out using split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications in Ramin Research Field Station in a growing season (2009-2010) in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz. Tillering, stem elongation and booting stage were assigned to main plots, and water logging periods, including 0, 7 and 14 days in terms of water logging were randomized in sub–plots. The results showed that between the beginning stages of water logging and various water logging periods for yield and yield components, significant differences exist. The water logging at tillering stage had more damage than stem elongation and booting stages on grain yield and its components. In the tillering stage, grain yield at 7 and 14 days, compared to control water logging 42 and 78.28 percent respectively, to the spikelet, respectively 20.84 and 37.5 percent and to the grain number per ear 22.31 and 41.04 percent respectively, decreased. Overall, the results showed that water logging at each stage of plant growth, even in a short period, led to irrecoverable damage on yield and its components on the leaves.

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The effect of irrigation timing and different fertilizer systems (NPK application) and manure on remobilization and current photosynthesis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

M. Namarvari; Ghodratallah fathi; A. Bakhshandeh; M.H. Gharineh; S. Jafari

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 99-109

Abstract

  This field experiment was conducted for evaluation of irrigation timing on different fertilizer systems on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran v.) in 2009-2010. The experiment ...  Read More This field experiment was conducted for evaluation of irrigation timing on different fertilizer systems on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran v.) in 2009-2010. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replications (split plot design) at Ramin of Agriculture and Natural Resources University. To evaluate the effect of irrigation time the following treatments were applied: cut irrigation I1) from spike formation to harvesting, I2) from anthesis stage to harvesting, and I3) control with complete irrigation. For fertilizer systems, treatments included NPK Chemical NPK chemical sources manure, biological fertilizer and biological and manure. The effect of irrigation timing and fertilizer systems had a significant effect at 1% on remobilization, percent of organic matter remobilization efficiency, seed fraction of remobilization and current photosynthesis. The I3 had minimum remobilization content and maximum current photosynthesis, but I1 treatment had opposite trend. The biological fertilizer together with manure had maximum remobilization and current photosynthesis. Therefore, biological fertilizer together with manure can provide a good condition for high yield production in wheat, even under drought stress at the end of the ripening period.

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Quantity and quality improving of soybean yield by zinc and iron foliar application under drought stress

M. Jalili Sheshbahre; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; S.M. Hashemi jazi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 111-122

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as ...  Read More In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as a split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The main factor included four drought stress levels as irrigation after 60, 80, 100, 120 mm evaporation and the sub factor constituted four levels of foliar application as a water, zinc, iron and combined zinc and iron. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between drought stress and foliar application for seed per pod, pod in lateral branches, biological yield and seed yield. The maximum pod per main node stem and seed weight was obtained from the irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and foliar application of combined zinc and iron. Foliar application of zinc and combined zinc and iron had the highest effect on the seed, biological, protein, oil yield and harvest index. Also, foliar application had a significant effect on zinc and iron concentration in seeds and leaves.

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The evaluation of water deficit effect on grain yield and physiological characteristics of three canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

S.M. Hoseini; P. Hassibi; B. Andarzian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 13-24

Abstract

   To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total ...  Read More  To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total dry matter, grain yield, total soluble sugars and starch, proline and osmotic potential this study was carried out in the green house of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2008-2009 growing season. The experiment was factorial based on complete randomized design arrangement in three replications. The first factor comprised cultivars (including Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was water deficit stress including water deficit in the early stem elongation to early-flowering stage (D1), early-flowering stage to early sac appearance (D2), early stem elongation to early sac appearance (D3) and normal irrigation conditions (D4). The results showed that the lowest and the highest reduction in shoot dry matter and grain yield was measured in Hyola 401 and Hyola308, respectively. The lowest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 308 (from the early stem elongation to early sac emergence stages) (22 grams per plant) and the highest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 401 (74 grams per plant) in normal conditions. In the stress conditions, shoot dry matter in all cultivars decreased. The amount of reduction during the flowering stage was more than early stem elongation stage showing more sensitivity of flowering stage to the stem elongation stage in water deficit stress. The interaction of water stress and variety showed significant differences in total soluble sugar, starch, proline, osmotic potential (P≤ 0.01), shoots dry matter and grain yield (P≤ 0.05). Furthermore, in the stress conditions participation in osmotic regulation process and reduction of negative effects of water deficit stress increased the amount of the total soluble sugars and proline of leaves. The lowest leaf osmotic potential (-2.23 Mpa) and the highest osmotic potential (-1.65 Mpa) were determined in Hyola 401, and Hyola 308 for D3 and D4 respectively. Decrease (become more negative) of osmotic potential because of more tolerance of Hyola 401 to water deficit stress was also assessed. According to the results of this study, Hyola 401, RGS003 and Hyola 308 were assessed for tolerance, semi tolerance and susceptibility to water deficit stress respectively.

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Determination of critical period of weed control in corn (Zea mays L.) in Ahvaz region

A. Gerami; S.A. Siadat; A.M. Bakhshandeh; Ghodratallah Fathi; K. Alami Saeid

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 39-49

Abstract

  In order to determine the critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays L.), a field study was conducted at the Ramin University ofAhvaz Research Field in 2009. The experiment ...  Read More In order to determine the critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays L.), a field study was conducted at the Ramin University ofAhvaz Research Field in 2009. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of two different periods of weed interference, a weed-free period and a weed removal period, imposed at V2, V5, V8, V11, Tassel, and harvest (based on phonological stages of corn development). The relationships between grain yield and different weedy or weed-free periods were determined via regression analyses. Cyperus sp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Convolvulus arvensis and malva sp. were naturally infested on experimental plots. Results suggested that a weed-free period between 2-11 leaf stages of maize (GDD= 500-1125) was enough to provide acceptable grain yield. Based on weed infested treatments, a weed free period until theV8 stage was enough to reduce weeds number and dry weight to 64 and 84/6% respectly. Weed interference until late in the season reduces grain yield, biologic yield and harvest index of corn to 36, 28/6 and 19/6% respectly. Thus, it is possible to optimize the timing of weed control, which can serve to reduce the costs and side effects of intensive weed control.

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Trend of physiological growth indices of three grain sorghum cultivars affected by sowing date

M. Aghaalikhani; M. Safari

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 63-78

Abstract

  Given the important role of crop growth indices for explanation of cultivars yield differences in diverse environmental and agronomical circumstances, this experiment was conducted ...  Read More Given the important role of crop growth indices for explanation of cultivars yield differences in diverse environmental and agronomical circumstances, this experiment was conducted at research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2007 growing season. Experimental treatments were arranged in split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. In this research, sowing dates (8th June, 28th June and 18th July) were considered as the main plots and grain sorghum cultivars (Payam, Sepideh and Kimia) were arranged in sub plots. By means of measurement of dry weight and leaf area during several sampling in growing season of sorghum, some important physiological growth indices including total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were estimated and calculated using functional approach based on growing degree days. Results showed that delayed sowing date reduced sorghum dry weight accumulation. The CGR trend was directly related to dry weight accumulation, so that Sepideh cultivar in first sowing date obtained the highest amount of growth rate and dry matter. Dry matter increment in this cultivar in first sowing date was accompanied by dry weight panicle (165.93 g/m2). The relative growth rate of all cultivars in second sowing date had the highest amount. Results in case of the interaction between LAI and NAR showed, despite Payam cultivar having earning lower leaf area index, that NAR in this cultivar was superior. Finally, payam cultivar took an average amount of CGR. Sepideh cultivar, taking the average amount of NAR (0.763 g/m2/gdd) and LAI (2.65), showed higher amount of CGR (2.06 g/m2/gdd). Therefore, obtaining the highest amounts of CGR and RGR in second sowing date (28th June) could be introduced as the mechanism of superior grain yield (6777.2 kg/ha) and harvest index (48.75 %) in Sepideh cultivar.

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Effects of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers on growth analysis of maize S.C. 704 with different irrigation regimes

A.A. Koliaei; G. Akbari; A. Rahnama; O. Armandpisheh; M.R. Labbafi Hossianabadi

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 79-88

Abstract

  In order to study the influence of  various irrigation regimes (drought stress), biological fertilizers (a combination of two Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms) and different ...  Read More In order to study the influence of  various irrigation regimes (drought stress), biological fertilizers (a combination of two Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms) and different amounts of phosphorus fertilizers on some physiological indices of maize SC 704, a factorial split plot design in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications at the research field of Aboureihan Campus- Tehran University, Iran. The main plots were three irrigation regimes including 75, 100 and 125 mm (accumulative daily evaporation from the cap class A). The subplots were considered to be a mixture of the biological fertilizers in two levels (applied and non-applied) with triple superphosphate fertilizer in four levels including 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha on factorial basis. The trends in the leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate were studied. By deviation from the optimal moisture and nutritional condition, a decrease in leaf area was caused to reduce crop growth rate and total dry matter in sever stress conditions (12 mm evaporation from the cap) and non-application of biological and chemical fertilizers. The maximum leaf area index (LAI) was observed in normal conditions at anthesis phase (LAI= 5.7), while it was lower at sever stress conditions (LAI= 3.14). In 12 fully expanded leaf stage, a similar increasing trend was observed with respect to leaf area index by appling 150 and 225 kg/ha chemical fertilizer, and it was significantly different from non-application of fertilizer. When biological fertilizer was appllied alone, there were no significant differences in leaf area index.

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Influence of soil incorporating wheat residues on agronomic and physiological traits of red common bean

F. Salehi; M.J. Bahrani; S.A.R. S.A.R. Kazemeini; H. Pakniyat; N.A. Karimian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 89-101

Abstract

  Crop residues are useful substances that can have important changes in soil biologic, chemical and physical properties and also can increase or stabilize crops yield. In order to save ...  Read More Crop residues are useful substances that can have important changes in soil biologic, chemical and physical properties and also can increase or stabilize crops yield. In order to save crop residues, incorporate them into the soil and their effects on agronomic, physiologic, yield and yield components of two red bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications during summer in 2008 and 2009 in the Research Station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran (Bajgah). Main factor was red bean cultivars (Sayyad and D81083) and sub factor was wheat residues rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Results showed that both cultivars had some differences in plant height, the distance of the lowest node from the soil, 100-seed weight and number of seed per pod and seed yield. Crop residue caused to change in biomass duration (a physiological index). Application of crop residues decreased a significant difference in biomass duration and seed yield, which can be attributed to the inhibitory effects of heavy residues. The highest seed yield (2370.4 kg ha-1) was obtained from 25% crop residue incorporation, with no significant difference with 50% crop residues (2313.9 kg ha-1) and without crop residues incorporation (2234 kg ha-1). Therefore, planting Sayyad cultivar and maintenance of at least 25% wheat crop residues are required to improve seed yield of red common bean.

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Effect of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers systems on yield and yield components of wheat genotypes (T. aestivum and T. durum) in Ahvaz conditions

A. Lotfi Jala Abadi; S.A. Siadat; A. Bakhsandeh; Ghodratallah Fathi; K. Alemi Saied

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 103-116

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of fertilizer systems and cultivars on wheat production, an experiment was conducted in Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin, North of ...  Read More In order to study the effect of fertilizer systems and cultivars on wheat production, an experiment was conducted in Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin, North of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2008- 2009 growing season. Treatments were arranged as a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fertilizer treatments in four (low input chemical system, high input chemical system, chicken manure and chicken manure + biofetilizers) and six cultivars (Veenak, Chamran, Star, D-79-15, Karkheh and SP-50) were in main plots and sub plots respectively. The results indicated that in integrated system, grain yield (7042/5 kg/ha) significantly increased and this system showed no significance difference from high input chemical system (6530.9 kg/h). Also, the biological yield, harvest index, spiks/m2, 1000-grain weight and chlorophyll content increased with the application of organic manure and biofertilizers. However, the greatest of kernels per spike and grain protein content (12/63 %) were observed by the application of high input chemical system. The highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index kernel number per spike and chlorophyll content were found at all fertility systems, in late maturing bread (star) and durum (SP50) wheat cultivars. Generally, by application of animal manure and biofertilizers wheat yield and its components increased, as well as from application of inorganic nutrients. In addition, less use of chemical methods led to environmental conservation. Thus, integrated use of animal manure and biofertilizers has been suggested to exploit the suitable yield of wheat besides improving environment.

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Effect of Integrated Weed Management Systems on Yield Quality and Quantity of Sugarcane in Khouzestan

A H; A A; H H

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 55-68

Abstract

  In order to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management on the yield quality and quantity of Sugarcane, variety CP69, a field experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 at the ...  Read More In order to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management on the yield quality and quantity of Sugarcane, variety CP69, a field experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 at the Argo-Industrial farm of Deabel-e-Khozaie located on the Southeast of Ahvaz. The  research was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications, including 9 diferent control mathods in three groups (i.e. Chemical, Agronomical and Integrated) with three replications. The control methods were 1: the combination of Atrazin and Ametrin+2.4D by the ratio of 5kg and 2.5kg + 2litre; 2: The combination of E.P.T.C +Metribuzin by the ratio of 8litre +2kg. 3: The combination of Tebuteyouran + Atrazin and Ametrin + metribuzin by the ratio of 2liter + 2kg and 3kg + 2kg in the hectar, respectively (Chemical Control). 4: only Sugarcane leaves; 5: only cultivation; 6: The combination of Bagas and mud (Agronomical). 7: The integration of Atrazin and Sugarcane leaves. 8: The combination of E.P.T.C and cultivation; 9 The combination of Tebuteyouran + Atrazin by the ratio of 2liter + 2kg and mud + bagas, respectively (integrated methods). The yield quality and quantity and yield components of Sugarcane and the weed's status were calculated. Results showed that the highest Cane's diameter, weight of main stem, cane yield and sugar yield were obtained in integrated method, treatment No. 8 (including herbicide & cultivation). Also, the best sugar quality including sugar purity and polarity was obtained in this treatment (i.e. method No. 8). Inaddition, based on these results we found that integrated approches had a higher quality and quentity for sugarcane yield compared to other methods (i.e. chemical & agronomical methods). Therefore, for ideal weed management and reduction of herbicide use, the integrated herbicide with interrow cultivation was the best weed management method in sugarcane.  

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