Plant Productions

Research Paper

Molecular characterization of recomMolecular Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Rice With Retrotransposon (Ipbs) MarkerRetrotransposon iPBS

S. Bakhtiari; D. Nabati Ahmadi; K. Sorkheh; M. Hosseni Chaleshtari

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.16723.1304

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In genetic studies in addition to utilization of molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion or jumping genes as a ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In genetic studies in addition to utilization of molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion or jumping genes as a marker to identify genetic characterization and diversity in the plant species. Since the retrotransposesons have transferable motive they tend to move along the genome. The movement is a key figure to induce alteration at the genomic structure. Thus, this reinforces the genome to boost the expression of some genes and/or silence the other genes. Furthermore, retrotranspostions are able to affect the activity of genes transcription at the organelles and biotic and abiotic stresses. Materials and Methods In the present study, retrotranspostion iPBS marker was used to assess genetic characterization of 130 inbred lines of rice which were derived from hybridization of Neda and Hashmi rice cultivars. In this study, 4 primers were used which were able to produce 2990 bands and among them1449 were polymorphic. Results According to amplification of polymorphic primers analysis, R2020 primer showed totally 443 polymorphic bands and had 56.79% bands with the highest polymorphism among all the primers. None of primers showed any single polymorphic band. Discussion Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines along with 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group with close distance to the parental lines. In terms of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines. The information which was revealed by the findings of the presented study indicated that iPBA markers can be assigned to trace the genetic mapping in order to assess the molecular genetics of the characteristics of the line within a plant population in the breeding program. Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines plus 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group which they had closed distance to the parental lines. In term of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines In genetic studies in addition to utilize molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion marker or jumping genes to identify genetic characterization and diversity in the plant species. In the present study retrotranspostion iPBS marker was used to assess genetic characterization of 130 inbred lines of rice which derived from hybridization of Neda and Hashmi rice cultivars. In this study 4 primers have used which were able to produce 2990 bands and among them1449 were polymorphisms. According to amplification of polymorphic primers analysis, R2020 primer showed totally 443 polymorphism bands and with having of 56.79% bands had the highest polymorphism bands among all the primers. None of primers have shown single polymorphic band. Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines plus 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group which they had closed distance to the parental lines. In term of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines.

Research Paper

The Influence of Ultrasound and Growth Regulators on in vitro Micropropagation of Lilium Ledebourii Boiss

Z. Azimzadeh; M. Mohebodini; E. CHamani; M. Erfani

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 11-20

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13439

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium ledebourii is one of the wild species of Lilium genus, growing in northern Iran. This species has high potential for export. Plant tissue culture ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium ledebourii is one of the wild species of Lilium genus, growing in northern Iran. This species has high potential for export. Plant tissue culture techniques are widely used in plant propagation, and using these methods can effectively provide micro-propagation of this plant in the large scale. High percentage of regeneration is necessary for plant protection, used in the breeding programs. Materials and Methods The experiment was factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications and was carried out in tissue culture Lab of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2015. For this purpose, segments of explant that were treated with ultrasound were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA alone and/or in combination with each other. This experiment conducted Concentrations of NAA at four level Zero, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1 and Concentrations of BAP at four levels Zero, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mgl-1 and Ultrasound at four levels zero, 5, 10, 20 and 30 seconds. In order to remove possible contamination from the mediums, all media were autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 °C. At the end of the experiment, the number of bulblet produced, root length, fresh weight of bulblet and etc were recorded. The cultures were kept at 20°C or 25°C under 16 h photoperiod or in darkness. Results The results showed the highest number of bulblets produced in 0, 0.01, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5secend ultrasound, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 0, 5, 20 and 30 second ultrasound compared with control. The highest frequency of bulblet regeneration was produced in MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.01, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5 second ultrasound. On the other hand, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA and 5 second ultrasound increased number and weight of bulblets. Different concentrations of NAA had also significant effects. Discussion On the other hand, ultrasound increased the number and weight of bulblets. Mechanical stress and micro streaming by acoustic cavitation might be considered as the most possible cause of the various physiological effects of ultrasound on cells. Low-energy ultrasound can modify cellular metabolisms or facilitate the uptake of nutrient, and make them easily through the cellular walls and membranes. Finally, it seems that ultrasound in combination with growth regulators have the potential to produce the highest average number of bulblets in the scale explant, using plant growth regulators in combination with an abiotic stress in in vitro.

Research Paper

Effect of zeolite on root dry matter and yield parameters of wheat in polluted soil by chemical weapons

A. Azogh; S.K.i Marashi; T. Babaeinejad

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 21-30

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13444

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and population growth, the use of lands affected by military weapons in order to produce foods for human is a critical necessity. One of the most effective factors on wheat yield management is the application of zeolite as a source of manure and monitoring heavy metal concentrations affected by this mineral. The best option is to use zeolites as inorganic fertilizers and also for monitoring polluted by the mineral elements. So, studying the effect of zeolite on yield characteristics of wheat in polluted soil with chemical weapons seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications where the treatments were polluted and non-polluted soil samples and four amounts of zeolite (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 % w/w). Results The results showed that the effect of zeolite on root dry matter was significant in polluted and non-polluted soils. The most amount of applied zeolite led to increasing dry matter to 11.11 g/pot in polluted soil and 6.93 g/pot in non-polluted soil. Also, the effect of zeolite on 1000-grain weight in polluted and non-polluted soils was significant. The maximum 1000-grain weight was observed in 2.5 % zeolite in polluted soil and the minimum was observed in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil. Effect of zeolite treatment on number of grains per spikelet and number of spikelet per spike was not significant in non-polluted soil. Results of this experiment showed that the effect of zoelite on grain yield in polluted and non-polluted soil was significant. The maximum grain yield was observed in 2.5% zeolite treatment with 63.2 g/pot and the minimum was obtained in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil with 8.8 g/pot. Discussion In general, the zeolite has a significant effect on agronomic traits and yield of wheat. That was due to favorable physical and chemical properties, such as porosity, air permeability, cation exchange capacity, enhancing the long-term availability of nutrients and trapping heavy metals of bombs and weapons and reducing the negative impact of these elements in the soil, which lead to plant health.

Research Paper

Effect of Different Concentration of Colchicine on Some Morphological and Phytochemical Characteristics of Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss

A.A. Zahedi; B. Hosseini; M. Fattahi

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 31-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.17279.1322

Abstract

Background and Objectives Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Labiateae) is an endemic perennial herbaceous plant known in Iran as Zarrin-Giah. Recent pharmacological studies have confirmed ... Read More Background and Objectives Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Labiateae) is an endemic perennial herbaceous plant known in Iran as Zarrin-Giah. Recent pharmacological studies have confirmed some of the methoxylated flavonoids in plant’s parts having anti-cancer properties. Excessive harvesting of wild plants and limited distribution areas are the main reasons why D. kotschyi is now listed as an endangered plant. Polyploidy induction is an effective tool in medicinal plant breeding. Chromosome duplication and polyploidization may affect plant morphology and breeding systems, ultimately enabling the release of improved genotypes. Materials and Methods In this study, an efﬁcient procedure was established for successful induction of tetraploid D. kotschyi by treating diploid explants with colchicine in horticulture laboratory of Urmia University during 2014-2015 years. Seedlings apical meristem treatment was carried out in two growth phases including, the two and four-leaf plants through presoaking manner. Colchicine at a concentration of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 % (w/v) was applied in each of these stages. Cytological and morphological evidence conﬁrmed the results of ﬂow cytometry analysis. Results Cytological analyses showed the increase of chromosome numbers from 2n=2x=20 to 2n=4x=40. The results of this study demonstrated for the ﬁrst time that chromosome counting in D. kotschyi of a total of 165 surviving seedlings, 7.27% was found to be tetraploids, 13.3% was chimers while the remainder were diploids. Tetraploid plants demonstrated signiﬁcantly longer stomata and a higher stomatal index compared with diploid control plants. Negative correlation between stomata size, plants height, leaf number and lateral shoot number was obtained in treated plants. The total content of flavonoids increased from 1583.28 in diploids to 1890.07 (μg/g DW) in stable tetraploids. Discussion It seems that 0.5% of colchicine can be used as an effective treatment for polyploidy induction in D. kotschyi.

Research Paper

A Survey on Diversity of Morphological and Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate

Gh. Eghlima; J. Hadian; A.R. Motallebi Azar

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 41-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13442

Abstract

Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been recently used Abstract Background and Objectives Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been ... Read More Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been recently used Abstract Background and Objectives Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been recently used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its high level of carvacrol in the essential oil. In order to select suitable clones for commercial cultivation in Dezful climatic conditions, in this study morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones of Satureja rechingeri were evaluated. Materials and Methods After initial screening of plant populations, 58 genotypes were selected based on their adaptation into field conditions. To evaluate the morphological and biological production traits of these clones in Dezful climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones were evaluated in the second year of cultivation at the flowering stage. Results Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all studied traits (p< 0.01) among 58 clones. The most important traits varied in terms of plant height (27.83-71.50 cm), fresh weight (20.26-289.71 g/p), flower and leaf weight (4.05 to 83.62 g/p), and plant oil yields (0.07 to 1.54 g/p). Flowers and leaf dry weight had a significant and positive correlation with plant height, number of the main branches and lateral branches, leaf width, plant diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and essential oil yield. Cluster analysis grouped the 58 clones within two main groups. Factor analysis showed that three main factors justified 70.62 percent of the whole variation. Clones of Z28, Z19, K48, E7, H82, F14 and G48 were superior with regard to weight of dry leaves, flowers and essential oil yield. Discussion Superior S. rechingeri clones could be used for commercial cultivation in Dezful climate conditions. The most important biological production traits, yield of leaf and flower fraction, essential oil content and yield showed significant variation between clones. These variations could be used to breed high-quality and desirable cultivars for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Research Paper

Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Different Plant Organs from Perovskia abrotanoides Karel in Natural Habitat of North Khorasan Province

S.H. Pourhosseini; M.H. Mirjalili; S. Nejad Ebrahimi; A. Sonboli

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 53-62

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13446

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Chemical variability among populations according to their geographical and bio climatic distribution imposes that conservation strategies of populations ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Chemical variability among populations according to their geographical and bio climatic distribution imposes that conservation strategies of populations should be made appropriately, taking into account these factors. Perovskia, with the common Persian name of "Brazemble", a small genus from Lamiaceae family, is distributed in various regions of Asia, as Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The genus is represented in Iran by only three species as P. abrotanoides, P. atriplicifolia and P. artemisoides. The plant is an aromatic shrub which mainly grow in mountains at an altitude of 2200 to 4200 m from Northeastern across center to Southeastern of Iran. All parts of the plant are aromatic, but Perovskia is not edible. The plant is used in Iranian folk medicine as an analgesic in rheumatic pains, treatment of leishmaniasis, fever and headache. The present study, was planned to evaluate variations in essential oil composition and contents of different Plant Organs from P. abrotanoides. Materials and Methods In this study, different plant organs (leaf, flower and stalk) of P. abrotanoides were collected from natural habitat in North Khorasan province and their essential oil content and composition were studied. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications for the essential oil contents. Essential oils were analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in respect to their chemical composition. Results Essential oil contents of leaf, flower and stalk were 1.0, 2.3 and 0.7% (w/w), respectively. The total number of compounds identified and quantified was thirty-nine in leaf, thirty-two in flower, and thirty-five in stalk, representing 99.4, 99.8, and 98.7 % of the total essential oil, respectively. The major compounds of the essential oil were α-bisabolol (2.6-29 %), 1,8-cineole (11.4-16.5 %), camphor (10.1-21 %), α-pinene (1.9-16.2 %) and δ-3-carene (7.4-11.3 %). Results showed that leaf essential oils of the plant characterized with high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41 %). Oxygenated monoterpenes, were rich in flower (42.1 %) and stalk (49.5 %). The main volatile compound identified in the leave was α-bisabolol, which reached a concentration of 29%. The content of essential oil in the flower was higher than that in the leave and stalk. Discussion Results of the current study show that the main compounds and content percentage of essential oil were different in each plant parts. By using the hydrodistillation, 32 to 39 compounds were identified representing 98.7% to 99.4 % of the total oil components. The essential oil analysis revealed that α-bisabolol, 1, 8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene and δ-3-carene, were main essential oil constituents in all organs. The variation observed for essential oil content was 0.7% to 2.3% in stalk and flower, respectively. Chemical variation of P. abrotanoides essential oils from different plant parts, which is significant for conservation and breeding programs, can be considered by medicinal plants breeders and pharmaceutical industries for breeding and processing uses.

Research Paper

Study the Effect of Withholding Irrigation and Brassino-Stroidids Hormone before Harvesting on Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Baluchistan Onion in Iranshahr

A.R. Parekasi; F. Kamiab

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 63-76

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13445

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The storage life of onion is an essential factor to marketing this product in the winter season. The storage life of onion depends on different factors ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The storage life of onion is an essential factor to marketing this product in the winter season. The storage life of onion depends on different factors of which withholding of irrigation before harvest is the most important. On the other hand, Brassinosteroids (BRs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, with pleiotropic effects, as they influence varied developmental processes like growth, germination of seeds, rhizogenesis, flowering, stem elongation, pollen tube growth, leaf epinasty, ethylene biosynthesis, proton pump activation, gene expression and photosynthesis. Therefore, studying the effects of withholding irrigation and Brassinosteroied on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of onion seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of withholding irrigation and Brassinosteroied hormone before harvesting on yield and postharvest life of Baluchistan onion, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Iranshahr’s Institute of Agricultural Research and Education in 2015-2016. This experiment was performed to evaluate three factors, water withholding at three levels (one, two and three weeks before harvest time) and spraying Brassinosteroied in four levels (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 μM). Different traits such as Bush height, diameter, length, weight, edible layer of bulb and neck diameter, post-harvest life, dry matter percentage and yield were measured. Results Agronomic traits and post-harvest life of onion increased by increasing the hormone concentration to 0.75 μM. The highest yield observed in 0.75 μM of Brassinosteroied treatment was about 42 t/ha and in the treatment with one week of withholding irrigation before harvesting was about 39 t/ha. The lowest yield observed in without hormone treatment was about 33 t/ha and in the treatment with three weeks of withholding irrigation before harvesting it was about 36 t/ha. The maximum post-harvests observed in two weeks of withholding irrigation before harvesting and 0.75 μM of hormone treatments were about 60 and 50 days, respectively. The lowest post-harvest lives observed in one week of withholding irrigation before harvesting and without hormone treatments were about 33 and 43 days, respectively. Discussion Withholding irrigation can decrease the amount of water in bulbs and increase post-harvest life because of reducing post-harvest diseases. On the other hand, Brassinostroides can induce growth and photosynthesis rate and alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress in plants. These are important reasons to increase quantitative and qualitative traits in this product.

Research Paper

Evaluation of fruit physico-chemical characteristics of new mandarins - Noushin (Citrus reticulata cv. Noushin) and Shahin (Citrus reticulata cv. Shahin) - during different harvesting time

J. Fattahi Moghadam; S. E. Seyed Ghasemi; K. Najafi

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 77-90

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13441

Abstract

Background and objectives: According to a breeding program carry out in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center (Ramsar), ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ mandarins ... Read More Background and objectives: According to a breeding program carry out in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center (Ramsar), ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ mandarins were created from crossing between Clemantin mandarin×Salustiana orange and Clemantin mandarin×Hamlin orange, respectively. The fruits of this new varieties on Sour orange rootstock did not study yet, completely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the Noushin and Shahin physico-chemical characteristics on Sour orange rootstock during two years. Materials and methods: ‘Noushin’ sampled from October to December during three months. ‘Shahin’ fruits were collected from October to February (5 times) as monthly. Various physico-chemical characteristics evaluated including fruit lenght, width, thickness; arithmetic, geometric, equivalent and harmonic diametrics means; aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, true volume, apparent volume, volume error, density, peel thickness, Easy of peeling, weight, juice percentage, seed number, peel color indices (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma and CCI), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), technological index (TI) during experiment. Results: The results showed that fruit size, arithmetic, geometric, equivalent and harmonic means of both varieties had not significantly (p<0.01) changes from the first to final time of harvesting. There was a positive correlation between fruit sphericity and arithmetic, geometric, equivalent diametric means. Fruit of ‘Shahin’ had high aspect ratio, less sphericity and low density (<1). Fruit density showed an increasing trend during the harvest time. The green colour of peel in ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ changed to orange colour at the last week of November and December, respectively. Based on citrus colour index (CCI), no cultivars necessary to de-greening after the last week of November. The TSS:TA ratio was optimum for harvesting in late of October (9.81) in ‘Noushin’ and at the last week of December (8.32) in ‘Shahin’. Although the technology index in both varieties had not significantly (p<0.01) changes from the first to final harvesting but it was high in ‘Shahin’ with 50 percent nearly. The peel thickness in ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ was 3 and 2 mm respectively which had not significantly (p<0.01) changes during harvesting time. The seed number in ‘Noushin’ was 19 to 27 and in Shahin was 15 to 35 that revealed both of them belonged to high seed content category. Conclusion: According to TSS:TA ratio index, ‘Noushin’ as an early ripening variety can harvested in the last October and ‘Shahin’ as mid ripening variety can harvested in late of December. Both of varieties is sutaible for the north of Iran climate. Based on juice percentage and TI data, the amount of juice with about 50% was higher in ‘Shahin’ that sutaible for prosessing industries. Due to empty space inside the fruit skin and flesh of ‘Noushin’ and low dansity (<1), fruits are floating on washing water during prosessing. The skin colour was green in both of varity in late of October. Becase of TSS:TA ratio is sutaible at this time in ‘Noushin’, there fore growers can harvested ‘Noushin’ variety with green skin colour in late of October but ‘Shahin’ must be remained on tree until late December.

Research Paper

Effect of hormonal compositions on micropropagation of fifteen cultivars of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker f.)

M. Kharrazi; A. Sharifi; F. Keykha Akhar; A. Bagheri; Y. M. Moradian

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 91-102

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13443

Abstract

Background and objectives Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental plants that used as cut flower and potted plant. The common methods of propagation does not have performance ... Read More Background and objectives Gerbera is one of the most important ornamental plants that used as cut flower and potted plant. The common methods of propagation does not have performance for supplying the global demand of this ornamental plant. So the most common method for commercial propagation of gerbera is micropropagation. Material and methods In this study, effect of different hormonal treatments and cultivars on micropropagation and rooting of gerbera shoot tip explant was evaluated. Shoot tip explants were first washed with running tap water for 30 min then they were surface sterilized by dipping in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and rinsed with sterile distilled water, followed by immersing in 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution for 5 min. After Sterilization with mercuric chloride solution, capitulum was washed with sterile distilled water. Subsequent washing was done with sterile distilled water three times. Sterilization with sodium hypochlorite solution and mercuric chloride and final rinse with sterile distilled water were done under laminar air flow hood. In the proliferation phase, MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA or KIN in combination with 0.1 mg/l IAA or hormone-free medium, 3% sucrose, 8 g/l agar was used. For rooting of propagated plantlets, ½ MS medium containing 1 mg/l IBA, IAA, 2IP or ½ MS hormone-free medium, 3% sucrose, 8 g/l agar was used. After 4 weeks different parameters such as number of plantlet, height of plantlet, number of main root, root length, number of secondary root were measured. Cultivars that was used in this experiment are as follows: 1: ‘Aventura’, 2: ‘Barones’, 3: ‘Mayfair’, 4: ‘Cacharelle’, 5: ‘Real’, 6: ‘Sorbet’, 7: ‘Dalma’, 8: ‘Goldy’, 9: ‘Panama’, 10: ‘Lancaster’, 11: ‘Dune’, 12: ‘Bellavue’, 13: ‘Blinddate’, 14: ‘Applause’, 15: ‘Sunway’. Results and discussion The results showed that in all studied cultivars, the medium containing BA lead to producing the highest number of plantlet. So using the medium containing BA in propagation phase is recommended for obtaining the highest number of plantlet. Also the results showed that the rooting of gerbera plantlets was affected by cultivar and suitable hormonal composition for rooting of each cultivar was different. However, the appropriate acclimation of produced plantlets is so important. Although the length and number of roots in ½ MS medium was at the average of other treatments, but propagated plantlets from this medium, had a suitable acclimation capacity. Moreover, additional cost for utilization of rooting hormones was reduced and therefore commercial production cost decreased. So application of this medium for rooting of different gerbera cultivars is recommended. Finally acclimation of rooted plantlet was done in cocopeat and perlite medium, with 95% success.

Research Paper

optimizing in vitro regeneration of Hypericum (Hypericum perforatum L.)

Z. Parsamanesh; F. Bayat; M. Hedayat

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, Pages 103-113

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13440

Abstract

Background and objectives: Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) has been received considerable interest worldwide due to its biochemical characteristics and unique secondary ... Read More Background and objectives: Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) has been received considerable interest worldwide due to its biochemical characteristics and unique secondary metabolites. In particular, aromatic polycyclic diones, such as hypericin and pseudohypericin have an interest as their antiviral, anticancer and antidepressant activities. To date, field grown plant material has generally been used for commercial St. John’s Wort production but the quality of these products may be affected by different environmental conditions, pollutants, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects which can alter the concentration of medicinal metabolite. In vitro systems have been reported as an effective tool for the development of genetically uniform plants. In order to approach optimal micropropagation of Hypericum perforatum, it will be necessary to optimize shoot proliferation stage in in vitro culture. Material and methods: In the present study, in vitro regeneration of Hypericum perforatum L. using different plant growth regulators on MS media has been developed. Callus was induced from leaves and shoots explants of St. Johns Wort on MS medium containing different levels of growth regulator (0, 2 and 4 mg/l BA; 1 and 2 mg/l Kin plus 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l 2,4-D) in factorial experiment with completely randomized design in three replication. To shoot induction equal size of formed callus were separated and evaluated on MS media containing BA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) and Kin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l). The shoot with terminal node were used on MS media containing IBA (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg/l ) to root induction. Results: After 4 weeks callus and shoot/root induction of explants were measured. Data analysis indicated that leaf explants produced higher callus mass than single node explant, also in leaf explants 2,4-D increment had no significant effect on callus mass induction while in single node, callus induction increased as 2,4-D increased. In presence of BA, callus induction from both explants increased with 2,4-D concentration raising. Single node explants produced highest mass of callus in media containing 2 mg/l BA plus 0.1 mg/l of 2,4-D. The highest number of shoots and the longest shoot achieved in presence of 1 mg/l BA with 0.5 mg/l Kin and 0.5 mg/l BA plus 1 mg/l Kin. Discussion: This experiment results revealed that different explants can be used to achieve high regeneration efficiency using different level of growth regulators. Also it seems that external growth regulators isn't essential lin Hypericum branch for rooting.

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Volume & Issue: Volume 40, Issue 4, March 2018, Pages 1-135

Molecular characterization of recomMolecular Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Rice With Retrotransposon (Ipbs) MarkerRetrotransposon iPBS

Abstract

The Influence of Ultrasound and Growth Regulators on in vitro Micropropagation of Lilium Ledebourii Boiss

Abstract

Effect of zeolite on root dry matter and yield parameters of wheat in polluted soil by chemical weapons

Abstract

Effect of Different Concentration of Colchicine on Some Morphological and Phytochemical Characteristics of Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss

Abstract

A Survey on Diversity of Morphological and Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate

Abstract

Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Different Plant Organs from Perovskia abrotanoides Karel in Natural Habitat of North Khorasan Province

Abstract

Study the Effect of Withholding Irrigation and Brassino-Stroidids Hormone before Harvesting on Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Baluchistan Onion in Iranshahr

Abstract

Evaluation of fruit physico-chemical characteristics of new mandarins - Noushin (Citrus reticulata cv. Noushin) and Shahin (Citrus reticulata cv. Shahin) - during different harvesting time

Abstract

Effect of hormonal compositions on micropropagation of fifteen cultivars of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker f.)

Abstract

optimizing in vitro regeneration of Hypericum (Hypericum perforatum L.)

Abstract