Plant Productions - Articles in Press

Effects of drought stress and mycorrhizal fungi on some morphophysiological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

H. Badvi; N. Alemzade Ansari; M. Mahmoodi sorestani; F. Eskandari

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 27-39

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11444

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit from a symbiotic relationship with the plant, which is currently one of the strategies used to reduce stress. The experiment was factorial in a ... Read More

Performance of Sugar Beet Hybrids in Different Levels of Rhizomania Disease Severity

R. Mohammadian; S.B Mahmoudi; H Shahbazi; S Darabi; A. Pedram

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 27-42

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12053

Abstract

Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection ... Read More Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection of appropriate varieties which could have high yields in different infected conditions is important. Material and method To compare promised resistant hybrids to rhizomania in different conditions of infection to the disease levels, an experiment was conducted in four regions including disease free and infected areas with different infection levels. In the this study, 19 monogerm diploid hybrids resistant to rhizomania were compared with foreign and domestic resistant varieties in randomized complete block design with four replications. In the disease free location, the percentage of seedlings emergence in domestic genotypes relative to the average of foreign resistance varieties, leaf number, leaf arrangement, green intensity and uniformity of crops were determined in the early growing season. At the harvest time in infected areas, the disease severity index was determined. In all areas, number, yield and quality of roots in each treatment were measured. Results Results confirmed that disease intensity of experimental regions was different. There was a significant variation among promising hybrids in the investigated properties. Discussion Generally, with increasing disease severity, root number, root yield, sugar yield, sugar content and nitrogen of roots were significantly reduced. In contrast, the gross amount of sodium and potassium increased in roots. Hybrid SB26 because of high root numbers, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield and low sodium content of root as well as low disease severity was chosen as a superior hybrid. The results of this study confirmed that also in condition of disease free, a resistant variety has better quantitative and qualitative characteristics in comparison to a susceptible variety.

Effects of Harvesting Time and Fruit Size on Physical and Biochemical Properties of Pomegranate Fruit cv. ‘Rabab Neiriz’ in Ghalletol-Baghmalak

Fatemh rashno nuzhad; norola moallemi; seyad mohamad hasan Mortazavi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 27-38

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12065

Abstract

Background and Objectives Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a nonclimacteric fruit rcent respectively. In general, the results of the present study confirmed that the medium fruit size ... Read More

Evaluation of Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Component of Three Plantago Species Under Salinity Stress

M K; A R; H D; M.R D

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 27-39

Abstract

In order to study the salinity effect on morphological traits, yield and yield components of Isabgul (Plantago ovata), French psyllium (P. psyllium) and Great plantain (P. Major), an ... Read More

Effects of UV-Radiation on Some Physiological Parameters in Capsicum longum L.

S H; Z K; J KH

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 27-40

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on some physiological parameters of pepper plants (Capsicum longum L.) exposed to UV radiation in the greenhouse. Pepper plants ... Read More

Crop Species Transportability of Sorghum Microsatellite Markers In Sugarcane and Maize

S K; F E

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 27-38

Abstract

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are valuable tools for many purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and plant breeding. However, they are only available in some economically ... Read More

Effect of Some Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Morphological and Biochemical Factors of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

S. Mafakheri

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 27-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19128.1378

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Any improvement in agricultural system that results in higher production should reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture and enhance ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Any improvement in agricultural system that results in higher production should reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture and enhance the sustainability of the system. Seaweed extracts (SWE) are known to cause many beneficial effects on plants as they contain growth promoting hormones, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids. Humic acid plays a vital role in soil fertility and its application increases the plant growth and nutrient uptake. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of SWE, humic acid and chemical fertilizers on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Material and methods The experiment was carried out in 2016 at the Agricultural Research Greenhouse at Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with four treatments including: SWE, humic acid, chemical fertilizers and control and 7 replications. The pots were filled with 5kg of farm soil, which was evenly mixed with recommended level of chemical fertilizers (N; 0.08, P; 0.06 and K; 0.1 g/kg soil) for chemical fertilizer treatment. Seeds were sown at a depth of 1.5 cm in each pot. Seedlings were thinned to five plants per pot 10 days after emergence. In 4 leaves, appearance stage, SWE and humic acid treatments were applied as a foliar spray every 14 days, for three times before harvesting. Growth parameters were measured in correct time. The biochemical constituent pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids and also total ascorbic acid in leaf were estimated in control and treated plants using standard methods. Dried seeds of Fenugreekwere subjected to hydro distillation for 3h using a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce oil and essential oil percentage was measured. Results In relation to the mean comparisons, the maximum shoot length and the highest number of pods per plant was obtained in plants receiving SWE and NPK. Maximum plant fresh and dry weights were observed in plants received SWE. All fertilizer treatments increased the number of seeds per pod but there were no significant differences between the treatments. The highest chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, total carotenoids, ascorbic aicd and essential oil percent were obtained in plants that received SWE. Discussion Foliar application of seaweed extract fertilizer on fenugreek plants significantly increased all the examined growth parameters of the plants compared to the control. These results agree with previous studies where growth and plant vigor of dill, coriander and fenugreek plants were enhanced by seaweed extracted treatment. Seaweed extracts create equilibrium in growth as a result of the present auxins which will increase vitamins and hormones produced in the treated plants. Results showed that treatments had a significant effect on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll 'a' and 'b', total carotenoids and essential oil content of fenugreek. Seaweed extracts contain cytokinins as well which induce the physiological activities and increase the total chlorophyll, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in the plant.

Yield of Assessraent Some Wheat Cultivars to Planting Date in Noorabad Mammasani

H. Faragee; A. Godarzi; H.R. Owliaiee; M. Azimi Gandomani

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 29-42

Abstract

In order to determine the appropriate wheat sowing date in Mamasany, a field experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 as a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. ... Read More

Evaluation of Genes Effects and Providing Linkage Map in Iranian Rice Mapping Population of Gharib × Khazar Cross

H S; G M; A A

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 29-52

Abstract

The genetic structure of agronomic traits has the most important role in determination of breeding methodology. Generation means analysis and QTL mapping refers to effective methods ... Read More

Effect of winter cereals as pre plant cover crops on weeds control, improving soil fertility, yield and yield components of potato

M GH; G A; M.R A; M.R M; M GH

Volume 36, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 29-42

Abstract

This study was carried out at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, Bu- Ali Sina university, in 2009, to evaluate the effect of winter cereals as cover crops on weed control, improving ... Read More

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

A. Hajiali; R. Darvishzadeh; B. Zahedi; J. Abbaskohpayegani

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12555

Abstract

Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of ... Read More Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation among Iranian watermelon accessions originating from different regions of the country by morphological traits. Materials and Methods Sixteen accessions together with two commercial watermelon cultivars were planted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Urmia in 2013.Fifteen traits including leaf length, leaf width, plant length, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit mass, fruit skin, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, pH, TSS and yield were assessed on the studied accessions. During fruit ripening, four fruits from each plot were randomly selected and the traits were measured according to InternationalBoard for PlantGenetic Resources Institute descriptor. The TSS was assessed by using refractometer and the pH by using pH meter. Results Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between genotypes for all studied traits except for pH, stem length and number of fruits per plant. According to the results, fruit yield ranged from 24626 kg h-1 in Charleston Gray genotype to 13444 kg h-1 in Hamedan 817 accession. The percentage of TSS varied from 9.27% in Crimson sweet genotype to 5.1% in Khorasan 806 accession and fruit pH varied from 5.63 in Hamedan 817 accession to 4.78 in Charleston Gray genotype. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits, indicating the significant effects of environmental effects. The highest positive correlation (0.968) was observed between pulp weight and fruit weight and the highest negative one (-0.815) was observed between TSS and seed length. The highest heritability was seen for 100 seed weight and the lowest one for pH. Cluster analysis with Ward method, classified the studied accessions in to three different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 3. Discussions The results revealed a rather high level of genetic polymorphism and wide genetic variation between accessions, which offer valuable information for conservation and management of genetic resources and utilizing them in watermelon breeding programs. The genetic distance between accessions is a valuable parameter to conserve and use a given germplasm in breeding activities. It was proved that crosses between unrelated and genetically distant parents will show more power hybrid than crosses between genotypes closely related.

Effect of Different Elicitor Treatments on Hairy Root of Medicinal Plant Poppies (Papaver somniferum L.)

Sh. Siahmansour; A. Ismaili; F. Nazarian Firouzabadi

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 29-42

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13548

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives As a source of alkaloids, Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), is one of the most important plants in the field of pharmaceutical industry. Various methods ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives As a source of alkaloids, Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), is one of the most important plants in the field of pharmaceutical industry. Various methods including use of elicitors, adding precursor, optimizing culture, culture of hairy roots and its metabolites engineering are used to increase the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. In recent years, cultivation of hairy roots, to the production of valuable metabolites in a number of species of medicinal plants, has taken on commercial scale; but in most cases, this technique produces low amount of alkaloid in commercial scale. Hence, it is needed to optimize the production rate using biological and non-biological elicitors. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted in 2015 in biotechnology laboratory of Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. Sterile explants were prepared from seedling and were then inoculated with Agrobacterium. Inoculated explants were kept in a dark condition for 2 days and then washed and transferred to glasses containing½ MS medium complemented with cefotaxime. Finally, the glasses were kept in tissue culture room until production of hairy roots. The produced hairy roots were used as explants for elicitors' experiments in flask containers. In this study, in order to increase biomass of hairy roots, 4 types of elicitor treatments (salicylic acid, silver nitrate, copper sulphate and yeast extract) were evaluated in separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Results Confirmation of transgenic hairy roots was tested by PCR using the rolC gene primers to ensure the removal of bacteria from the produced roots. Results of PCR products were separated by electrophoresis and expected fragments were observed in gel. The results showed that the concentration of 5.0 mg/mL of yeast extract elicitor had the most impact on morphological traits. Totally, results showed that biotic elicitors had better effects in comparison to abiotic elicitors. Also, high concentrations of elicitors in all biotic and abiotic cases had a negative impact on biomass of hairy roots. Discussion It was shown that biotic elicitors had better effects than abiotic elicitors. The remarkable result of this study was that the high concentration of elicitors had negative effects on biomass hairy root production in poppies plants. It seems that bio-active compounds elicitors induce the plant responses but high concentration of biotic and abiotic elicitors may cause cell death and browning of hairy root tissues.

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Confectionary Sunflower Landraces in Different Levels of Irrigation

E. Gholinezhad; R. Darvishzadeh

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19226.1383

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for many respects, including phonological traits, morphology, agronomic and physiological. Sunflower is a crop that can withstand a variety of environmental conditions, particularly drought and due to the developed root system. It has high efficiency in absorbing water from the soil. Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a lack of cholesterol, the oil benefits from a desirable quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity and the heritability of agro-morphological traits in confectionary sunflower under different levels of drought stress. Materials and Methods 56 local populations were studied in three separate experiments in rectangular lattice design (7×8) with two replications at Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan province, Urmia, Iran in 2012. Water treatments were well-watered, moderate and severe water stress conditions so that irrigation was applied with 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of available water, respectively. Various agronomic and morphological traits were calculated based on measuring traits in sunflower. Productivity effort as a physiological trait was measured by dividing the total dry weight of reproductive organs (head) to the total dry weight of plant. Results The results showed that in all three different water treatment conditions, heritability of head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, grain and biological yield was more than other traits. In well-watered conditions, moderate heritability varied between 0.52% for number of seeds per head to 80.61% for plant height. In moderate drought stress condition, the maximum and minimum heritability belonged to head diameter (76.21%) and chlorophyll index (26.45%), respectively. In severe drought stress condition, the most and the least heritability was observed for stem diameter (83.64%) and number of seeds per head (0 %), respectively. Among yield components, the heritability of 1000-grain weight at three water treatment conditions was higher compared to number of seeds per head, so for increasing grain yield, selection via 1000-grain will be more efficient. Discussion For the traits of grain yield, head diameter, stem diameter, biomass yield, chlorophyll index, dry weight of leaf, head and head with grain, the heritability in severe drought stress was higher than optimum conditions and this showed that the phenotypic variance is a large proportion of the genetic variance of more favorable traits. Due to the fixed component in the numerator and the denominator of genetic variance, environmental variance decreased in drought stress conditions in comparison with optimum irrigation conditions.

Progeny Test of Crosses among Different Cultivars of Gladiolus

Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 29-44

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.21501.1460

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long vase life and color variation make it different in floriculture. Breeding and introduction of new cultivars with innovation in ornamental are important. The aim of this research was of introducing new hybrids of gladiolus through hybridization. Four cultivars in Amsterdam, White prosperity, Advance red and Rose supreme were chosen for hybridization. Materials and Methods Progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Reserch Center (OPRC) in Mahallat from 2015 to 2016. Quantitative traits included leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet. Finally, statistical parameters such as coefficients of correlation, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variability, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were estimated. Results Analysis of variance among progeny (hybrids) showed that the progeny has significant differences (p≤0.01) in all traits and a wide variation in progenies was observed for all traits. NIOP9 progeny in leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet was superior progenies compared to other cormelet. Lilcewise, progeny NIOP4 with 2.49 per seed was superior to cormelet. Correlation coefficients among the different progenies revealed that the most positive and significant correlation was between the number of leaves and crown diameter (r= +0.93) and the lowest level (r= -0.17) of correlation was found between the number of days to germination and number of cormelet. The highest coefficient of phenotypic variation of 57.17% was obtained for the number of cormelet and the lowest of 11.15% for the number of days to germination. The highest heritability in traits was estimated as 98.46 and 96.46% for the number of cormelet and cormelet diameter, respectively and the lowest as 12.90% for the crown diameter. Discussion All traits showed significant differences in progeny. These results indicate that the major traits in the phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient were very low, indicating that they had less environmental effects, since the progeny was cultivated under similar and controlled conditions (greenhouse).

Effect of Methanol Spraying on some Morphophysiological Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Drought Stress Conditions

Hamed Javadi; Seyyed Gholam Reza Moosavi; Mohammad Javad Seghatoleslami; Ali Reza Ebrahimi; Mohammad Kozegar

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.33127.1888

Abstract

IntroductionSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the five important oil plants of Iran. Water deficit stress is one of the most important limiting factors in sunflower cultivation. ... Read More IntroductionSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the five important oil plants of Iran. Water deficit stress is one of the most important limiting factors in sunflower cultivation. Methanol is used to deal with environmental stresses, especially dehydration. Preventing or reducing light respiration, delaying leaf senescence, increasing photosynthetic activation period and leaf area duration index and increasing CO2 fixation are among the roles of methanol application in plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol spraying on some morphophysiological characteristics, yield and yield components of sunflower under drought stress conditions. Materials and MethodsThis field experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Birjand, Iran, in 2017. The main plots included two irrigation levels (irrigation after 80 and 160 mm evaporation form class A pan). On the other hand, the sub- plots included five levels of methanol spraying; control (spraying with water), 7, 14 and 21% v/v. Statistical analysis was performed using MSTATC software. Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level of probability was used to compare the means. Results and DiscussionResults showed that deficit irrigation reduced stem diameter, number of grains per head and kernel/husk weight ratio. Methanol spraying also increased the number of grains per head. Also, methanol spraying improved most of the studied traits under two irrigation treatments. So that under drought stress conditions, foliar application with 28% volumetric methanol increased plant height (9.9%), stem diameter (5%) and leaf number per plant (14.7%). Compared with control, foliar application with 14% and 21% volumetric methanol increased SPAD by 8% and 34.7%, respectively and also, increased 1000-grain weight (12%), grain yield (27.9%) and biological yield (23.4%). According to the results, under optimum irrigation conditions, maximum sunflower grain yield was obtained with 28% volumetric methanol spraying, but under drought stress conditions, spraying with 21% volume methanol was the best one. ConclusionThe results showed that foliar application of methanol under optimum and also deficit irrigation conditions did not affect the percentage and yield of sunflower oil seed, but increased grain yield. Maximum grain yield under optimum irrigation was obtained with 28% volumetric spraying, which was 27% more than control. Also, the results showed that under arid and semi-arid conditions of Birjand, deficit irrigation with using methanol (21% volumetric) produces acceptable grain yield.

Utilization of Indirect Regeneration to Induce Micropropagation of Fritillaria imperialis L. on in vitro Culture

Mojtaba Rahimi; Mohammad Hosein Daneshvar

Volume 39, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 31-42

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12066

Abstract

Background and Objectives Iran is home of one of the most delightful and graceful flower of Fritillaria in the world. Its habitation is commonly expanded on the vast areas: growing ... Read More Background and Objectives Iran is home of one of the most delightful and graceful flower of Fritillaria in the world. Its habitation is commonly expanded on the vast areas: growing in beds, borders, backgrounds and rock gardens. Besides, it is also suitable for naturalizing and excellent for cut flowers. Fritillaria imperialis as a medicinal plant has pharmaceutical purpose in which possesses a health beneficial essence that used in production of mucus and cough medicine. In addition, extractions of plant tissues contain certain of properties which affect to reduce blood pressure and blood sugar. Unfortunately, the habitation of this ornamental plant is under threat and majority of its habitation already being to ruin due to human activities and urbanization. The propagation of Fritillaria through offsets (bulblets) is prolonging approach which takes approximately 3-4 years. Whereas, using tissue culture technique for flower production is required less time probably within a few months and economically has a huge advantage due to low cost and a numerous plant production in a short time. Materials and methods This research was carried out in four experiments: callus formation, bulblet production, root formation and acclimatization. In the present study, a factorial experiment was assigned as completed randomized design (CRD) with three replications. In the first experiment, leaf primordia and scale explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and IBA in order to produce callus formation. In the second experiment, the calli were cultured on organogenesis medium which were contained MS medium supplement, with kin. and TDZ, after 6 and 12 weeks. In the third experiment, the bulblets were transferred into rooting media, which were contained MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l). In the fourth experiment, after washing the bulblet whit warm distilled water (40ᵒC) that contain 2.0 mg/l benlate fungicide, they then were planted into the pots containing sterilized perlite, cocopeat and perlite along with cocopeat. Results In the first experiment, the results demonstrated that the highest weight of callus (3.29g) was sustained in scale explants on basal MS medium which was supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA along with 0.5mg/l IBA. In second experiment, the result indicated that the numerous of bulblets were developed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l TDZ along with 0.5mg/l kin. Which of these, the callus scale were produced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l NAA. In the third experiment, in order to retain rooting the bulblets, they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of NAA. The result elucidated that the large quantity of roots (7.7) were obtained from leaf primordia on MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l NAA. In the fourth experiment, rooted bulblets were washed with warm distilled water for 5-10min, and then they were transferred into pots with perlite, cocopeat and perlite + cocopeat. Discussion The results revealed information that the rooted bulblets from scale growing on cocopeat substrate had retained the most diameter (21.64mm) as compared to other treatments. The finding results under this investigation strongly suggested that using micropropagation it is definitely a possible trend to abolish the barriers which caused to deteriorate of Fritillaria imperiallis.

The study of adaptability of salt tolerant advanced barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes grown in moderate regions

M M; A Y; H.R N; Z R; A J

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 31-39

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the adaptability of ten salt tolerant advanced barley in six regions (Esfahan, Kerman, Yazd, Ghom, Mashhad and Gonabad) in 2002-03. Statistical design was ... Read More

Study of Correlation Coefficients of Agronomic Traits and Path Analysis of Seed Yield in Rye

Khadije Nayebi Aghbolag; Naser Sabaghnia; Mokhtar Pasandi Somehsofla; Mohsen Janmohammadi

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 31-46

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22523.1486

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the important and valuable Gramineae that is used for bread making and fed in some areas. Identifying correlation ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the important and valuable Gramineae that is used for bread making and fed in some areas. Identifying correlation coefficients among the measured traits is very important and aids to evaluating the magnitude of interrelationships between how traits can facilitate the application of indirect selection in plant breeding programs. The target of this research was estimating the correlation coefficients, and path analysis among some important traits for selection criteria for improving grain yield in rye. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the relationships between seed yield and its components, 64 different rye genotypes were evaluated in simple lattice design with two replications during 2016 in Maragheh region. Phenotypic correlation coefficients were calculated for ten characters during the growing season and the correlation coefficients between grain yield and different characters were subjected to path coefficient analysis separately for partitioning these values into direct and indirect effects. Stepwise regression technique was used to obtain the best fitted model as well as to estimate direct and indirect effects via path coefficient analysis. Applying bootstrap method verified the obtained results from conventional method. Results Correlation analysis showed that seed yield was associated significantly and positively with spike weight, weight of seeds per spike, harvest index of spike, seed number per spike, number of spike per area and harvest index traits. Using stepwise regression analysis, the share of the most important traits was determined and weight of seeds per spike and number of spike per area entered into regression model and explained 75 percent of the existing variation among genotypes. The results derived from path analysis indicated that, two above mentioned traits had significant effects on seed yield with 0.71 and 0.60 coefficients, respectively. On the other hand, spike weight had the most direct and indirect effects through increasing weight of seeds per spike on seed yield. Discussion In general, from this study we found that two traits including weight of seeds per spike and number of spike per area as the first order and related traits to spike, thousand seed weight, stem diameter, harvest index, awn length and plant height were in the second order for increasing seed yield and could be used as the selection indices for improving seed yield. Also, the used method for obtaining path coefficients was proved useful in analyzing correlation coefficients in breeding programs for evaluation of interrelated variables.

The Effect of Planting Dates and Different N-P-K Ratios on Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ahvaz

M V; A A; E F

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 33-47

Abstract

To study the effect of different N-P-K levels and planting dates on wheat yield and N-use efficiency, a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University ... Read More

Effect of UV-C radiation on alleviating chilling injuries of persimmon fruit cv. Kashan during cold storage

Zahra Sadat Asgareyan; Mohammad Sayyari; Mahmood Asnaashari

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 181-194

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.18805.1367

Abstract

Effect of UV-C radiation on alleviating chilling injuries of persimmon fruit cv. Kashan during cold storageAbstractBackground and objectivesWith increasing interest for developing the ... Read More Effect of UV-C radiation on alleviating chilling injuries of persimmon fruit cv. Kashan during cold storageAbstractBackground and objectivesWith increasing interest for developing the cultivation of persimmon, there is not suitable technology and enough information about postharvest behavior and storability of this fruit in many of countries such as Iran. Softening, chilling injury and the incidence of different diseases are limiting factors for postharvest life of persimmons fruits during cold storage. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light radiation has recently suggested to controlling decay and reducing chilling injury of some fruits. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of UV-C treatments with different doses on alleviating chilling injuries and maintaining qualitative attributes of persimmon fruits during storage.Materials and methodsThe persimmon fruits cv. `Kashan´ were harvested from a commercial orchard near Kashan city. UV-C treatments was carried out at 0 (as control), 5 minutes irradiation from 15 and 30 cm distance with 3.2 and 0.8 kJm-2, and 10 minute irradiation from 15 and 30 cm distance with 16.4 and 4.1 kJm-2. After 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, fruits were removed from storage and chilling injury indices, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and some quality attributes were measured. ResultsThe effect of UV-C treatments on weight loss, chilling index, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and PPO activity was effective during storage. High percent of weight loss (6.84) and chilling symptom (40) was observed in irradiated fruits with 16.43 kJm-2 and low level of mentioned parameters was seen in 3.2 kJm-2 treatment. High level of electrolyte leakage (80.49) and lipid peroxidation (1.78 nM g-1 FW) were detected in treated fruits with 4.1 and 16.43 kJm-2 and low level of above parameters were observed in non-treated and treated fruits with 3.2 kJm-2. Application of UV-C with high dose increased PPO activity (9.7 u gr-1 FW) in comparison to other treatments during storage. DiscussionOur results suggest that application of UV-C irradiation in low level after harvest could increase postharvest life of `Kashan´ persimmon by controlling chilling injuries and preserving fruit quality. However, it is worth mentioning that chilling symptoms of persimmon was reduced by low doses of UV –C irradiation. In fact, UV-C treatment with high doses caused high percentage of injured fruits. In conclusion, the use of UV-C radiation in controlling chilling injuries and maintaining quality of persimmons fruits offers an interesting research area and considering the low risk of the treatments.

Evaluation of the Effects of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on the Storage Life and Some Quality Traits of Thomson Navel Orange

Amirali Mohammadi; Mehrdad Shahabian; Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour; Shokrollah Hajivand

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 181-192

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.35965.1959

Abstract

IntroductionOranges belong to the Citrus (family Rutaceae) and are an important source of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and vitamin C. These compounds have a protective ... Read More IntroductionOranges belong to the Citrus (family Rutaceae) and are an important source of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and vitamin C. These compounds have a protective effect against various diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular. Since there is a possibility of decay and rot of Citrus in all stages of harvest and post-harvest, the use of mineral elements may have an important effect on increasing the quality of the fruit and its shelf life. This effect varies depending on the species and cultivar of Citrus. Mineral elements, especially potassium and calcium, affect fruit growth and Citrus fruit quality. Materials and MethodsTo investigate the effect of spraying, a research was conducted in Qaemshahr city in 2019, which in this study, manual foliar application of calcium nitrate (0, 2 and 4 g / l) and potassium phosphite (0, 1.5 and 3 g / l) was done in the late October in three stages with a week interval. Then, one week after the last treatment, the harvesting operation was performed with garden shears. After washing, the fruits were kept in normal temperature for 3 months. Various parameters such as morphology (percentage of weight loss, firmness, percentage of decay, etc.), biochemical (total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and acidity of fruit juice (pH)), antioxidant (percentage of inhibition and vitamin C), enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and marketability traits were evaluated. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the application of higher concentrations of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite improved the measured traits at harvest day. The use of these materials has also increased the shelf life and quality of the fruit during storage. Fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite had more antioxidant properties on the day of harvest. The highest amount of vitamin C and inhibition percentage were observed in the treatment of 4 g / l calcium nitrate and 3 g / l potassium phosphite at harvest day. Treated fruits were more firm and less rotten during storage than control ones. Also, the treated fruits had more soluble solids and titratable acidity. Also, during storage, the quality of the fruit and its marketability decreased, but fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite received higher scores from the evaluators. The use of calcium increases the strength of the membrane and reduces the activity of enzymes that relax the cell wall, which therefore increases the firmness of the fruit and reduces the weight loss and rot of fruits during storage. The use of potassium phosphite has also been effective in reducing caries. Calcium along with potassium play a role in photosynthesis and cause the accumulation of sugars. Vitamin C is associated with a decrease during storage, due to the use of ascorbic acid as an ascorbate peroxidase cofactor. Finally, it seems that the marketability of the fruit has increased due to the increase of quality traits such as sugars, due to the use of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite. ConclusionThe storage of Thomson Novel oranges was affected by the treatments used, and the highest firmness, weight and quality characteristics of the fruit were obtained in the highest amount of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite. Also, the rate of caries has decreased significantly with the use of these treatments.

Effect of Potassium and Boron Foliar application on some of the Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana L.)

Razieh Tofangsazpour; Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh; Alireza Abdalimashhadi; Mohammadreza Moraditelavat; amin lotfi jalal- abadi

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 183-194

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.29391.1762

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, in order to increase public awareness about maintaining a healthy body, a lot of research has been done on the use of sweeteners to find ingrained ... Read More AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, in order to increase public awareness about maintaining a healthy body, a lot of research has been done on the use of sweeteners to find ingrained types of them. Accordingly, new sources have been proposed for the preparation of these food additives one of the most appropriate plant of which is Stevia. In the leaves of Stevia, different varieties of steviol glicosides are produced which are much sweeter than normal sugar. The success percentage of the uptake of food elements through leaf feeding is about 95%, and in the way of attraction through the root is about 10%. In fact, foliar spraying is a shortcut for plant nutrition. Although potassium is one of the essential macro elements in the enzymatic activities of the plant, there is little recognition about its impact on the plant. Also, boron is an essential micro element for vascular plants and is involved in the transport of carbohydrate, cellular differentiation, cell wall synthesis and membrane health. The aim of this study was to consider the effect of potassium and boron foliar spraying on qualitative and quantitative yield of Stevia. Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in experimental field of Khoozestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences University, during 2016-2017 cropping season. Experimental factors were included: boron foliar spraying from boric acid source at four levels (0, 25, 50 & 75 ppm) and potassium foliar spraying from potassium sulfate source at three levels (0, 10000, 15000 ppm). Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that the interaction of potassium and boron foliar spraying resulted in significant difference dry matter yield, leaf yield, plant height, leaf area index, percent of leaf stevioside, percent of leaf nitrogen, leaf potassium contentnt and leaf boron content. The treatments combination of 15000 ppm potassium and 50 ppm boron produced the highest dry matter yield (1495/8 kg/h), but created no significant difference with treatments combination of 15000 ppm potassium and 75 ppm boron (1490/2 kg/h). Also, treatments combination of 15000 ppm potassium and 75 ppm boron had the highest leaf yield (1134/68 kg/h) and percent of leaf stevioside (10/34 %). The treatments combination of no potassium foliar spraying and 25 ppm boron had the lowest dry matter yield (1407/73 kg/h) and leaf yield (725/6 kg/h). The results of this study indicate that potassium and boron foliar spraying had positive effects on dry matter yield, leaf yield and percent of stevioside. Potassi increased enzyme activity through its role in photosynthesis improving synthesis of protein and carbohydrates, translocation of photosynthetic and boron through its role in improving root deployment, carbohydrates translocation. In addition, cell wall synthesis and structure, had significant effect on dry matter yield and leaf yield of stevia. ConclusionDue to its more effective and faster effect of foliar sprying than nutrition (through the root, Salim et al., 2009), the compilation of macro element (potassium) and micro element (boron) foliar sprying did better to achieve the high qualitative and quantitative yield of stevia.

The Effects of Biological and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers and Iron Micronutrient on Forge Quality and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Hoda Mohammadi; Gholamreza Heidari; Yousef Sohrabi

Volume 43, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 185-198

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.27736.1678

Abstract

Abstract Background and ObjectivesImproving forage yield and quality is a major concern for the producer. Sustainable crop production requires careful management of all nutrient ... Read More Abstract Background and ObjectivesImproving forage yield and quality is a major concern for the producer. Sustainable crop production requires careful management of all nutrient sources in agroecosystems. Biological fertilizers, including Azospirilum, Azotobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria, can increase plant growth and yield through biological nitrogen fixation and increased solubility of macro elements such as phosphorus. Iron is the most important micro element for crops. Iron is required to perform many plant metabolism and growth activities. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers and iron micro element on yield and quality of maize (MV 500 cultivar) forage. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of different levels of urea fertilizer: Nitrokara biofertilizer, 150 kgha-1 urea + Nitrokara biofertilizer (Azorhizobium caulinodans), Super Nitro Plus biofertilizer (Azospirillum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens), Super Nitro Plus biofertilizer + 150 kgha-1 urea without nitrogen fertilizer 450 kgha-1 urea, Nitrokara biofertilizer +300 kgha-1 urea, and Super Nitro Plus biofertilizer + 300 kgha-1 urea. The subplots consisted of two iron levels, including 10 kgha-1 iron chelate (Fe EDTA) and without iron application. The measured traits were crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, leaf to shoot ratio, ear to plant ratio and forage yield. Data were analyzed using MSTATC software. ResultsAnalysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources and iron levels were significant on crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, ear/plant ratio and forage yield. The highest crude protein and ash of maize forage were obtained from supernitroplus + 300 kgha-1 urea and iron application. Control treatment (without nitrogen and iron fertilizers) produced the most ADF and NDF values. The highest dry forage yield belonged to Super Nitro Plus + 300 kgha-1 urea with iron fertilizer and the lowest value obtained from control treatment without N and iron fertilizers. DiscussionThe results of this study showed that the combined application of supernitroplus biofertilizer and urea fertilizer along with iron micro element increased maize forage quality and yield compared to the sole application of urea chemical fertilizer. Microorganisms constituting biofertilizers are very benefitial to the plant. They have the ability to enhance plant growth through increasing nutrient availability and uptake with minimal contribution to the environmental pollution, unlike the use of pure mineral fertilizers. The integration of biofertilizers and moderate mineral N fertilizer application accompanied with iron micro element is highly recommended in the production of maize forage.

The effect of using of different levels of biological, chemical and manuare fertilizers on macro elements and some quantitative traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Fatemeh Fateminick; khosro Azizi; Soraya Ghasemi; Omidali Akbarpour

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 185-198

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43071.2084

Abstract

Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This ... Read More Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This cactus, which is also known as prickly pear or rocket cactus, although it produces high yields in fertile soils with sufficient water, but also produces significantly in poor soils with low water levels. Since nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium are very important in the diet of livestock, in this experiment, the nutritional value of this plant was investigated by evaluating these elements in forage cactus. The importance of producing fodder plants and improving their quality under the influence of nitrogen and manure fertilizers, this research with a sustainable agriculture approach to investigate the effect of different proportions of organic and chemical fertilizers especially nitrogen and their interaction on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage cactus were done. Materials and Methods To investigate the effect of using biological, chemical and manure fertilizers on Separate and integrated tests were carried out on some forage cactus traits during two cropping years (2019 and 2020). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on the percentage of nutrients and some quantitative characteristics of forage cactus in the form of a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications and the factors including biofertilizer treatments: MY1: use of mycorrhiza and MY0: no use of mycorrhiza and four levels of manure, respectively: M0: no use of manure, M1: use of 10 tons per hectare of manure, M2: use of 20 tons per hectare of manure, M3: use of 30 tons per hectare of manure and four levels of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea), respectively, including treatments N0: no use of urea, N1: use of 100 kilograms per hectare of urea, N2: use of 200 kilograms per hectare of urea, N3: use of 300 kilograms per hectare of urea and the treatment of not using mycorrhizal biofertilizer; Urea chemical fertilizer and manure were used as control treatments. The distance between rows was 50 cm and between rows was 50 cm. A distance of 1.5 meters between plots and 3 meters between repetitions was created to create an irrigation stream and a waste water outlet stream. The size of each plot was 6 square meters (4 × 1.5) with 4 crop lines and the plant density was 3.33 per square meter. The main pad for planting was prepared from a three-year base and was prepared and transferred from the research farm affiliated with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) in Mehran city, belonging to the Agricultural Research Center of Ilam province. The measured traits were as follows: Pad length, pad width, dry forage yield, total pad number, nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and calcium percentage. Results and Discussion The results showed that the highest dry forage yield was obtained in the treatment at combined use of M3N3 in comparison with the control treatment (no use of fertilizer) with the lowest amount. The mentioned treatment improved the dry forage yield by approximately 75%, , compared to the control treatment. The best results after this treatment are in the combined M3N2, M2N3 and M2N2 obtained. The traits of Ca percentage, P percentage, K percentage, N percentage, the total number of pad and the length and width of each pad showed favorable results in the integrated application of manure and nitrogen, and the integrated application of manure and chemical was significant on all the experimental traits. Conclusion The results of this research showed that the effect of using mycorrhizal biofertilizer was effective only on the amount of phosphorus and on other measured traits. It was not significant and because no significant difference was observed between treatments using mycorrhiza and not using it; because the cactus plant is perennial, it is recommended that the study regarding the use of mycorrhizal fungi and the process of quantitative and qualitative changes of this plant be further investigated in multi-year and long-term supplementary experiments.

The effect of number of buds per vine and cane on the yield and productivity coefficient of perlette grape cultivar

Isa Arji; Rahman Fayz; Mohammad Gerdakaneh

Volume 42, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 321-332

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22517.1485

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesGrape is one of the fruit trees that need to well management to produce economical production. Farmers often do not properly prune vine grape. Grape cultivars ... Read More Background and ObjectivesGrape is one of the fruit trees that need to well management to produce economical production. Farmers often do not properly prune vine grape. Grape cultivars show different response to pruning severity. Perlette cultivar cultivation is increased recently. The main objective of this research was to determine the severity and number of buds per shoot on yield and productivity coefficient of perlette grape cultivar. Materials and methodsA factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with three charges levels 42, 60 and 72 and three buds number per shoot include (6-2 buds), (5-2) and (4- 2) during 2012 in Garaban agro industrial complex. Some different traits on flower and fruit quantity and quality were measured. ResultsResults of mean comparison showed that Charge, number of buds per shoot and their interaction effects were significant on number of cluster, cluster weight, yield and productivity coefficient. The interaction effect between charge and the number of buds on the yield per plant showed that the highest yield (about 12 kg) was obtained by charge 60 and long pruning with 6 buds and the lowest yield (about 5.6 kg) was in charge 42 with 4 buds on the branches. The highest cluster weight of about 250 grams was obtained in charge 60 with 4 buds on the branches and the lowest cluster weight (182 g) found in charged 72 and 4 buds on the branches. The interaction effect of charge and the number of buds per shoot was significant on productivity coefficient at 1%. The highest productivity coefficient (0.9833) was found in the charge 42 and 5 buds per shoots and the lowest was in charge 60 with 4 buds per shoots. Generally 60 charge was recommended for this cultivar as mixed pruning with two replacing buds and a shoot with 6 bearing buds.DiscussionIncreasing the number of clusters possibly depend on increasing the charge level, which is one of the yield increasing factors. Berries weight loss and berries abscission lead to cluster weight reduction and yield was affected. Thus, the high charge of 72 buds per plant caused yield loss due to small clusters. This phenomenon is possibly due to lack of adequate nutrition by the vine for cluster growth. Yield reduction in 42 charges was due to a reduction in the cluster production number. Yield was increased with a decrease in pruning intensity, which represents an increase in the number of buds on the fruiting branches. The long pruning with 6 buds per cane and 60 charges was superior to the others. This pruning severity was determined based on fruit yield and quality. Proper pruning lead to balance on vegetative and reproductive growth and quantitative and qualitative yield will be increase.

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

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