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Introduction and evaluation of agronomic features of commercial non-shattering (indehiscent) sesame cultivars named Barkat, Mohajer, Chamran and Dezful

Mohammad reza Siahpoosh; Leila Nejadsadeghi; Mohammad Sina Siahpoosh; saman sheidaie; Enayat Rezvani; Hossein Sadeghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46295.2149

Abstract

Introduction: Sesame is one of the most important oil plants in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions and is known as the queen of oil seeds. The high percentage of oil ... Read More Introduction: Sesame is one of the most important oil plants in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions and is known as the queen of oil seeds. The high percentage of oil with the combination of suitable fatty acids, medicinal properties and very low water requirement are the characteristics of this oil plant. The main challenge for the lack of development of sesame cultivation all over the world is seed shattering at the time of ripening. Many efforts have been made to obtain non-shattering sesame cultivars with the characteristics of indehiscent capsule at ripening stage and resistance to seed drop. In this article, we introduce and evaluate the agronomic characteristics of new indehiscent sesame cultivars named Barkat, Mohajer, Chamran and Dezful. Material and Methods: Indehiscent sesame cultivars with the proposed names of Barkat, Mohajer, Chamran and Dezful have been improved during a breeding program at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in collaboration with Shahid Rajaei Agriculture Company. For registration and commercialization, these cultivars were subjected to Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) tests and agricultural Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) experiments under the supervision of the Seed & Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute during the two cropping years 1400-1401 and 1402-1401. In these experiments, new indehiscent sesame cultivars along with commercial cultivars of dehiscent sesame named Oltan, Sardar and Shovin as control cultivars were evaluated in four regions with different climatic conditions of Iran, including Dezful, Darab, Mughan and Gorgan in the frame of complete blocks design with four replications. In addition, the mechanized cultivation of four promising indehiscent sesame lines was performed separately in 100-hectare fields in the Dezful region, and harvesting was done with a combine harvester. Results and Discussion: The highest plant height was obtained in Barkat with an average of 144 cm and the lowest in Chamran with 140 cm. The highest number of capsules per plant, with an average of 89.8 and the highest number of seeds per capsule, with an average of 72.3, was observed in the Mohajer. The thousand-seed weight was reported between 2.41 and 3.72 g in Dezful and Mohajer respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.01) was observed in the group comparison between indehiscent and dehiscent (control) sesame cultivars, whilst dehiscent cultivars with an average of 1.05 tons per hectare were completely superior to the control cultivars with 0.80 tons per hectare. The highest average seed yield of cultivars in different regions during two years of experiment was obtained with 1.08 tons per hectare in Barkat and Mohajer cultivars. In the mechanized harvesting of indehiscent sesame cultivars with a combine harvester, the amount of seed loss was estimated to be less than 2.8%. The evaluation of morphological traits showed that indehiscent sesame cultivars had indeterminate growth habits and could produce 1-6 sub-branches per plant depending on the genotype and plant density. The superiority of seed yield for all indehiscent sesame cultivars was observed in compare with the control cultivars. The indehiscent sesame cultivars had appropriate agronomic features and could increasing about 24% seed yield in compare to control cultivars. This issue promises a significant increase in sesame production in the country. Conclusion: Finally, Barkat, Mohajer, Chamran and Dezful sesame cultivars were introduced as the first cultivars with resistance to seed shattering during ripening in the country. In addition to the higher seed yield of these cultivars in compare to the control cultivars, because of having the gene of shattering resistance, these cultivars are able to be harvested using a combine harvester in the mechanized systems at the time of full ripening. Ultimately, the widespread use of these cultivars in the agricultural cultivation pattern of the country promises food security in oil production and water consumption reduction in the stressful season of summer.

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The Dose Response and Mutation Induction by Gamma Ray in Vicia Faba Cv. Saraziri

Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh; Bahare Tahmasebi; Daryoosh Nabati Ahmadi; Masoud Rahimi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 517-526

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31265.1831

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:Sufficient genetic variation is an essential source for having a successful breeding program. Mutation is known to be a high throughput technique to induce genetic ... Read More ABSTRACT Introduction:Sufficient genetic variation is an essential source for having a successful breeding program. Mutation is known to be a high throughput technique to induce genetic variation in plants. Irradiation is the most common method of inducing mutations in plants mutation breeding programs leading to the production of mutants with superior genotypes. Faba bean is a crop whose diversity needs to be improved for breeding programs in Iran. Unfortunately, few researches have been carried out on mutagenesis of faba bean. Materials and Methods:In the present study, the dose response and effects of gamma irradiation have been investigated by exposing the seeds of Vicia fabacv. Saraziri to doses of 25, 35, 45, 55, 100, and 120 Gray (Gy) in the Lab at the college of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2013 to 2015. The implementation of the research was under the guidance and in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. The experiments were assigned as a completed block design with four replications in both laboratory and the field. Results and Discussion:The results of the analysis of the variance indicated that there was no significant difference in germination trait of M0 generation in the seeds at various gamma irradiation doses whereas, germination rate, seedling length, and weight were significantly altered at varied doses (P≤0.05), and further responses of these traits decreased as the dosage increased. Moreover, increasing the irradiation doses caused a delay in flowering, pod setting, and pod ripening period in M2 generation. A linear regression between different characters and gamma doses was detected. Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) for fertility and seed setting, was detected as between 60-65 Gy based on reproductive traits. The principal component analysis revealed information that the first two components within the traits at the different doses were accounted for approximately 71% of the total variance. Using the biplot diagram of the first two components, 320 mutant plants appeared and the superior one within plants was identified as compared to control. Conclusion: This research is reported the optimum dose of gamma irradiation of 50 to 55 Gy to exert mutation induction in Vicia Faba based on the LD50 of vegetative and reproductive phases. The findings of the current work acquired several promising mutants that might be used as beneficial sources to develop new faba bean cultivars.

Influence of Sowing Date and Terminal Heat Stress on Phonological Features and Yield Components of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Fatemeh Mousavi; Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh; Karim Sorkheh

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 157-170

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28957.1744

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionDelay in sowing date results in yield production change in wheat. Belated sowing time of wheat cultivars always encounters terminal heat stress, particularly after ... Read More AbstractIntroductionDelay in sowing date results in yield production change in wheat. Belated sowing time of wheat cultivars always encounters terminal heat stress, particularly after flowering, in south of Iran. Heat stress is one of the main obstacles influencing crop production worldwide. Currently, producing heat tolerant genotypes is so essential in plant breeding programs. In spite of previous research on physiological aspects of heat stress tolerance, a consensus among scientists on the most important traits controling heat stress tolerance in plants is not available. Phenological traits of wheat genotypes are the major traits influencing heat tolerance and very important in breeding programs. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effects of sowing date and terminal heat stress on phenological traits, yield and yield components of bread wheat, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 30 genotypes including: Pars, Bahar, Sistan, Dez, Shiraz, Bam, Arvand, Chamran 2, Kavir, Neyshabour, Roshan, Pishtaz, Hamoon, Kaz, Arta, Sepahan, Mehregan, Shuosh, Verinak, Arg, Ghods, Hirmand, Chamran, Alvand, Falat, Aflack, Marvdasht, Mantana, Babax and Weebile with different length of phonological stages in experimental fields of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2014-2015. The cultivars were planted in normal and late sowing dates (terminal heat stress) and the data were combined and run in a combined analysis of variance. Results and DiscussionIn this research, sowing date and consequent heat stress significantly reduced (P≤0.01) the phenological traits. The average of the number of days from sowing to tillage was reduced by 23% under terminal heat stress in comparison with the normal condition. The yield and yield components were also strongly affected by seasonal heat stress and the number of spikelets per spike (16%), number of kernels per spike (18%), thousands kernel weight (11%), biological yield (40%), harvest index (14%) and grain yield (46%) reduced under heat stress. Based on the results, the correlation between phenological traits and yield components was positive in normal conditions and in most cases it was negative under heat stress conditions. The reults of canonical correlation showed that phenological traits in the first canonical correlation could interprete 38% of the variance of yield components in the normal and 47% in the heat stress conditions, which shows the more effective role of phenological traits on yield components under heat stress than normal conditions. Cluster analysis also displayed the important role of phonological features in comparison with other traits in the classification of commercial wheat cultivars of Iran. Generally, under hot climatical conditions such as Khuzestan the length of different phonological stages over the course of plant life significantly influence the grain performance. If the phenology of genotypes is locally engineered based on the optimum length, the promising heat tolerant cultivars will be achieved with ability to produce and maintaine the yield production. ConclusionGenerally, under hot climatical conditions such as Khuzestan the length of different phonological stages over the course of plant life significantly influence the grain performance. If the phenology of genotypes is locally engineered based on the optimum length, the promising heat tolerant cultivars will be achieved with the potential to produce and maintaine the yield production.

Heat tolerance evaluating of wheat cultivars using physiological characteristics and stress tolerance indices in Ahvaz climatic conditions

M. Omidi; M.R. Siahpoosh; R. Mamghani; M. Modarresi

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 103-113

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11135

Abstract

In order to evaluate the heat tolerance of 11 wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 under two conditions, normal (normal sowing) and heat stress (late sowing), ... Read More

Evaluation the genetic diversity of 10 Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) ecotypes using morphological, phenological and phytochemical traits

R. Hamid; M.R. Siahpoosh; R. Mamaghani; A. Siahpoosh

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 37-47

Abstract

Understanding milk thistle genetic diversity is essential for breeding programs of this plant. In order to investigate genetic diversity of some Iranian ecotypes, an experiment was ... Read More

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Author = M.R. Siahpoosh

Introduction and evaluation of agronomic features of commercial non-shattering (indehiscent) sesame cultivars named Barkat, Mohajer, Chamran and Dezful

Abstract

The Dose Response and Mutation Induction by Gamma Ray in Vicia Faba Cv. Saraziri

Abstract

Influence of Sowing Date and Terminal Heat Stress on Phonological Features and Yield Components of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Abstract

Heat tolerance evaluating of wheat cultivars using physiological characteristics and stress tolerance indices in Ahvaz climatic conditions

Abstract

Evaluation the genetic diversity of 10 Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) ecotypes using morphological, phenological and phytochemical traits

Abstract