Plant Productions

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators, Explant Types and Light on Callogenesis Traits of Medicinal Plant Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

Abdolkarim Zarei; Fatemeh Salajeghe; Mojahed Kamalizadeh

Volume 43, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 255-266

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.27548.1670

Abstract

Abstract Background and ObjectivesNettle (Urtica dioica L.) is considered a valuable plant with high level of various beneficial phytochemical, which has been used centuries in ... Read More Abstract Background and ObjectivesNettle (Urtica dioica L.) is considered a valuable plant with high level of various beneficial phytochemical, which has been used centuries in traditional medicine. Since it contains various secondary metabolites and shows noticeable activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, nettle has been identified as an appropriate choice for wider applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries in the recent years. This plant is native to Asia, Europe, Africa and North America and grows naturally in different regions of Iran. Although nettle is an important medicinal plant worldwide, there is no information about optimization of its tissue culture conditions. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators, explant types and light condition on the callogenesis properties of nettle plant under in vitro condition. Materials and MethodsA factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design with three replicates. Different explants including young leaves, old leaves, nodes and seeds of nettle plant were cultured in the solid MS medium supplemented with 30 g l-1 sucrose and different concentrations of plant growth regulators of 2,4-D (1, 2 and 3 mg l-1) and BA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1). Callus-related characteristics, including time of callus induction, callogenesis percentage, and their color and texture were analyzed. Analysis of variance was carried out by SAS software ver. 9.3.1 and mean comparison was conducted using Duncan multiple range test. ResultsAccording to the results, callus induction was significantly influenced by explant type. The highest callus induction was attained from young leaves, nodes and old leaves, respectively. The results also showed that callus induction and its properties were significantly influenced by light condition. Preservation of cultures in dark condition resulted in higher callus induction than light condition. In addition, the effect of plant growth regulators was significant on callus induction and its properties. The highest percentage of callus induction was obtained from young leaf explants in the medium containing 1 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1 mg l-1 BA in dark condition followed by node explants in the same plant growth regulator treatment. However, medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l-1 BA showed to be more effective for old leaf explants. Based on the results of this research, young leaf explants in the MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 2,4-D and 1 mg l-1 BA in dark condition are suggested for callus induction from nettle plant. DiscussionType, color and amount of produced callus in different plant species are highly dependent on the genotypes, compositions of tissue culture media as well as the levels of both endogenous and exogenous plant growth regulators. Auxin and cytokinin are two main plant growth regulators playing important roles in callogenesis of different plant species. There is an interaction between the level of plant growth regulators and color of produced callus. Based on the results of present study, it seems that in the nettle plant, node explants endure a higher level of plant growth regulators and hence produce a brighter callus than the leaf segment explants when they are treated with high concentrations of these chemicals.

Effect of Different Media Cultures on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Plants under Salt Stress

Marzieh Kalhor; Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani; Mostafa Shirmardi; Jalal Gholam nezhad

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 89-102

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.23906.1531

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity is an important environmental tension limiting growth and productivity of plants worldwide. The harmful effects of high salinity on ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity is an important environmental tension limiting growth and productivity of plants worldwide. The harmful effects of high salinity on plants can be observed in senescence, necrosis of plant organs and decrease productivity. Major processes such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and energy and lipid metabolism affect plants during the beginning and development of salinity stress. Calendula officinalis L. belongs to the Asteraceae family; it is an annual with bright or yellow orange daisy-like flowers which are used for medicinal or culinary purposes. Organic fertilizers develop favorable physical, chemical and biological environment in the soil. They stimulate plant root growth, increase nutrient uptake and soil water-holding capacity, decrease evaporation from the soil and surface water runoff, facilitate drainage, regulate soil temperature and provide a rich substrate for soil microbes. Materials and Methods This study was conducted to determine the effects of soil salinity and organic amendments on some growth characteristics, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and peroxidase enzyme activity in pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L). In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), five levels of organic amendments (control, 0.5 and 1 g.L-1 algae extract, 20% v/v of pot volume cow manure and 20% v/v of pot volume vermicompost) and three levels of salinity (3.5, 7.5 and 10.5 dS.m-1) with three replications per treatments were applied. In this experiment, media without organic amendment were considered as control. Results Results showed that increasing soil salinity levels progressively decreased the growth characteristics and nutrients uptake. The maximum leaf number, fresh and dry weight of flowers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption were obtained in cow manure treatment and EC = 3.5 dS.m-1, While the highest flower diameter was observed in sea algae treated plants (0.5 g.l-1) in media with EC = 7.5 dS.m-1. Salinity causes growth reduction due to the low osmotic potential of the medium and by a specific ion effect as a secondary cause in several vegetable crops. Discussion The results of the present study showed that the organic media can improve leaf number, crown diameter and fresh and dry weight of flowers. This can be due to increased media moisture storage and enhanced nutrient absorption. All treatments significantly increased growth characteristics of pot marigold compared to control. The positive effect of cow manure to nutrients uptake could be because of rich N, P, K compared to the others. According to the results, in normal conditions, pot marigold plant could tolerate salt stress until 7.5 dS.m-1 but by suitable media culture its threshold tolerate will be increased up to 10.5 dS.m-1. Also it was revealed that cow manure compared to other treatments could increase plant tolerate to salt stress and growth characteristics.

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Keywords = Culture media

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators, Explant Types and Light on Callogenesis Traits of Medicinal Plant Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

Abstract

Effect of Different Media Cultures on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Plants under Salt Stress

Abstract