Plant Productions

Quantity and quality improving of soybean yield by zinc and iron foliar application under drought stress

M. Jalili Sheshbahre; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; S.M. Hashemi jazi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 111-122

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as ...  Read More In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as a split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The main factor included four drought stress levels as irrigation after 60, 80, 100, 120 mm evaporation and the sub factor constituted four levels of foliar application as a water, zinc, iron and combined zinc and iron. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between drought stress and foliar application for seed per pod, pod in lateral branches, biological yield and seed yield. The maximum pod per main node stem and seed weight was obtained from the irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and foliar application of combined zinc and iron. Foliar application of zinc and combined zinc and iron had the highest effect on the seed, biological, protein, oil yield and harvest index. Also, foliar application had a significant effect on zinc and iron concentration in seeds and leaves.

---

• View Article
• PDF 145.66 K
• Extended Abstract

Influence of soil incorporating wheat residues on agronomic and physiological traits of red common bean

F. Salehi; M.J. Bahrani; S.A.R. S.A.R. Kazemeini; H. Pakniyat; N.A. Karimian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 89-101

Abstract

  Crop residues are useful substances that can have important changes in soil biologic, chemical and physical properties and also can increase or stabilize crops yield. In order to save ...  Read More Crop residues are useful substances that can have important changes in soil biologic, chemical and physical properties and also can increase or stabilize crops yield. In order to save crop residues, incorporate them into the soil and their effects on agronomic, physiologic, yield and yield components of two red bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications during summer in 2008 and 2009 in the Research Station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran (Bajgah). Main factor was red bean cultivars (Sayyad and D81083) and sub factor was wheat residues rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Results showed that both cultivars had some differences in plant height, the distance of the lowest node from the soil, 100-seed weight and number of seed per pod and seed yield. Crop residue caused to change in biomass duration (a physiological index). Application of crop residues decreased a significant difference in biomass duration and seed yield, which can be attributed to the inhibitory effects of heavy residues. The highest seed yield (2370.4 kg ha-1) was obtained from 25% crop residue incorporation, with no significant difference with 50% crop residues (2313.9 kg ha-1) and without crop residues incorporation (2234 kg ha-1). Therefore, planting Sayyad cultivar and maintenance of at least 25% wheat crop residues are required to improve seed yield of red common bean.

---

• View Article
• PDF 305.02 K
• Extended Abstract

An Investigation into the Effects of Planting Date on Quantity and Quality Traits of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Ghasre Shirin

I. Arji; S. Miri; v. Abdosi

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 43-54

Abstract

  Potato is one of the most agricultural plants in Kermanshah province especially in Ghasre Shirin. There is about 600 hectares potato cultivation area in Ghasre Shirin agricultural lands ...  Read More Potato is one of the most agricultural plants in Kermanshah province especially in Ghasre Shirin. There is about 600 hectares potato cultivation area in Ghasre Shirin agricultural lands annually. An experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of planting date on quantity and quality of some potato cultivars during 2007 in Ghasre Shirin. This research had 4 different planting dates of 31th December, 21st January, 9st February and the first of March on three potato cultivars, Moren, Conkord and Marfona, and it was carried out in a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized block design. The cultivars were used as the main plot and planting dates as the subplot. Results show that the growing plant percent was not significant under cultivar and planting dates. Tuber weight was significant for Moren cultivar than the others, and it had a significant reduction in 10th Esfand planting date than the others. The potato yield was significant at 1% level between cultivars and planting dates so that Moren, Marfona and Conkord had 15.49, 10.7 and 9.87 ton yield per hectare respectively. The second planting date with 13.35 T/ha and the fourth planting date with 8.85 T/ha had the higher and lower yields respectively. Dry matter percent was significant at 5% level in Conkord compared to the others and dry matter percent age of produced tuber had a significant reduction from the first till the fourth planting dates. The fat and starch percent age was significant different between cultivars and planting dates but the fiber percent age was significantly by the planting dates effect. In general, the Moren cultivar was more suitable than the other cultivars and the planting dates range was the best from 31th December till 9th February in Ghasre Shirin.

---

• View Article
• PDF 139.58 K
• Extended Abstract

Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Fenugreek in Double Cropping

P. Zandi; A.H. Shirani Rad; J. Daneshian; L. Bazrkar Khatibani

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 81-91

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen and plant density on yield and yield components of Fenugreek, a field experiment was laid out at Guilan region in double ...  Read More In order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen and plant density on yield and yield components of Fenugreek, a field experiment was laid out at Guilan region in double cropping during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried out using split plots based on completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Four levels of nitrogen (control, 25, 50, 75 kg N ha-1) which allotted to the main plots and four levels of plant density (60, 80, 100, 120 plants m-2) were planted as subplots. Nitrogen fertilizer was affected number of pods per branches, number of pods per plant, grain yield and biological yield. The biological yield significantly influenced by plant density. The highest grain yield (1468 kg ha-1) produced by 75 kg N ha-1. There was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and biological yield (r=0.638**). According to means comparison of simple effects, the highest biological yield belonged to application of 75 kg N ha-1 and a density of 120 plants m-2,. Our findings suggest that since, N4D4 is more closely related to N3D3 based on cluster analyses and due to bioenvironmental considerations, fenugreek growers should choose the latter treatment combination under rainfed condition.

---

• View Article
• PDF 195.47 K
• Extended Abstract

Evaluation of Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Component of Three Plantago Species Under Salinity Stress

M K; A R; H D; M.R D

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 27-39

Abstract

  In order to study the salinity effect on morphological traits, yield and yield components of Isabgul (Plantago ovata), French psyllium (P. psyllium) and Great plantain (P. Major), an ...  Read More In order to study the salinity effect on morphological traits, yield and yield components of Isabgul (Plantago ovata), French psyllium (P. psyllium) and Great plantain (P. Major), an experiment was conducted at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2010. The study was carried out as factorial experiment based on RCBD design with 4 replications to determine the influence of salinity (9, 15, 21 ds/m and control with distilled water) and three plantago species (Isabgul, French psyllium, Great plantain). Results indicated that plant height, leaf area, root and shoot dry matter, yield and yield components were decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing salinity levels. However, the reduction trend was different among species. Seed yield of Isabgul, French psyllium and Great plantain decreased in 15 ds/m salinity by 44, 79 and 77 percent in compaison with control, respectively. Contrary to Great plantain, the thousand seed weight decreased in 15 ds/m salinity by 38 and 35 percent in Isabgul and French psyllium compared with control, respectively. Salinity did not affect specific leaf area (SLA) in all species. In general, among the three species, Great plantain, with higher dry matter and seed yield, was recognized as a species that is more suitable to be cultivated in saline areas.

---

• View Article
• PDF 160.36 K
• Extended Abstract

Effect of Plant Density on Ear Yield and Forage Protein of Four Sweet Corn Hybrids in Yasouj

S D; H F; A Y

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 77-84

Abstract

  In order to study the effect of plant density on the yield of four sweet corn hybrids, this experiment was conducted at Yasouj Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center in 2005. ...  Read More In order to study the effect of plant density on the yield of four sweet corn hybrids, this experiment was conducted at Yasouj Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center in 2005. The experiment treatments were arranged factorialy in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The factors of the experiment consist of four sweet corn hybrids (Powerhous, Harvest gold, Chiss and Shiker) and three plant densities (6, 7 and 8 plant m-2). The results showed that the interaction between plant density and hybrid on fresh ear yield and canned and harvest index was significant.  The highest fresh ear yield was 2734 g m-2 at density of 6 plant m-2 in Harvest gold hybrid and the lowest fresh ear yield was 1742 g m-2 at density of 8 plant m-2 in Chiss hybrid. Maximum canned yield was 1453 g m-2 at density of 6 plant m-2 in Harvest gold and Shiker hybrids and the lowest was 797 g m-2 at density of 8 plant m-2 in Chiss hybrid. By increasing plant density, forage protein in all hybrids decreased in the same trend. In general, hybrids of Harvest gold and Shiker and also density of 6 plant m-2 are introduced as the best treatment.

---

• View Article
• PDF 132.24 K
• Extended Abstract

Important Morphological Traits on Canola Yield as Second Cultivation in Guilan

M R; B R; M R

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 85-98

Abstract

  To determine the correlated traits to grain yield in rapeseed, eight rapeseed cultivars were planted using randomized complete block design with three replications in Rice Research ...  Read More To determine the correlated traits to grain yield in rapeseed, eight rapeseed cultivars were planted using randomized complete block design with three replications in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, during 2005-6 and 15 traits including sowing to rosette period. Analysis of variance showed that significant differences among varieties for studied traits, indicating the existence of high genetic variation among varieties. Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight and flowering to ripening period and had a significant negative correlation with number of grains per silique and silique length. Results of stepwise regression analysis of grain yield showed that traits 1000-grain weight, number of grain per silique, number of secondary stem and height of the first silique from soil surface had the highest effect on grain yield and 98% of grain yield variation was attributed. Correlation coefficients analysis to path coefficients analysis showed that 1000-grain weight has the highest direct effect on grain yield relation to other traits, but the indirect effects of this trait were unimportant through other traits. Factor analysis showed that 79.275 percent of total variations were determined by three main and independent factors namely yield components, plant type and vegetative growth and the most important traits as a selection index to improve grain yield were 1000-grain weight, number of grain per silique and flowering to ripening period, respectively, placed in first factor with grain yield. Biplot charts derived from the factor analysis and grouping traits using cluster analysis confirmed this result and the above traits were introduced as the most important traits to improve grain yield in rapeseed.

---

• View Article
• PDF 206.37 K
• Extended Abstract

Sink-source Relationship of Corn at Different Plant Densities and Nitrogen Levels in Mamasani Conditions, Fars Province

n n; h f; e a; a y

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

  This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels on yield and sink-source limitation of corn at Mamasani, Fars Province. The factors of the experiment ...  Read More This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels on yield and sink-source limitation of corn at Mamasani, Fars Province. The factors of the experiment consisted of four plant densities (75000, 90000,105000, and 130000 plant ha-1) and three nitrogen levels (200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1). Results showed that with increasing plant population from 75000 to 130000 plant ha-1, the grain yield significantly increased from 12910 to 16890 kg ha-1. Under the condition that 50 percent air grain was omitted, the effect of density, nitrogen application and their interactions on kernel weight was significant. The density of 130000 plant ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application had the highest source limitation about 22.4 percent for the kernel weight; the density of 75000 plant ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen application had the lowest source limitation about 8.6 percent for the kernel weight. With removing tassel and upper leaves of ear, the effect of density and nitrogen application on source limitation for kernel weight was significant. By increasing plant density from 75000 to 130000 plant ha-1, source limitation significantly increased from 12.7 to 25.8 percent, and by increasing nitrogen rate from 200 to 400 kg ha-1, source limitation significantly decreased from 22.8 to 13.9 percent for the kernel weight. According to the results, 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application and the density of 130000 plant ha-1 was the best treatment in this region.  

---

• View Article
• PDF 262.88 K
• Extended Abstract

Effects of Planting Methods and Irrigation Levels on Yield and Yield Component of Two Wheat Cultivars

A K; M M; M N; S B

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 89-98

Abstract

  This experiment was carried out to study the effects of different planting methods and irrigation levels on yield and yield component of two wheat cultivars, in 2009-2010 in field´s ...  Read More This experiment was carried out to study the effects of different planting methods and irrigation levels on yield and yield component of two wheat cultivars, in 2009-2010 in field´s of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was strip split plot within randomized complete block with three replications. Row factor was planting methods which include: basin, 3 line on the ridges, 6 and 9 lines on the ridges. Column factor was irrigation which included two levels: irrigation after discharge 25% and 50% plant available water in soil, and two cultivars that include Chamran and Stare were in subplot. Results showed that in planting methods, the grain number in spike, spike number per square meter and grain yield, were significant differences. Among planting methods, 3-line method was significantly higher in grain yield (3.62). 9-line method was significantly fewer number of spikes per square meter compare to other methods (28.58), while differences between other methods was not significant. Grain number in spike, basin and three line method, had significant higher than other method (33.89, 34.39). There was no significant difference between irrigation levels. In cultivars, Chamran cultivar in grain yield was significantly higher. Based on the results of the interaction between factors in this experiment, and status of drought and water shortages in the same test conditions, use of ridge planting method especially 3 line method with second irrigation level is recommended. 

---

• View Article
• PDF 154.99 K
• Extended Abstract

Determination of Bulbing Time and Growth Analysis of Some of Onion Landraces in Climatic Conditions of Karaj

A D; M KH

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

  An experiment was conducted to determine bulbing time and growth analysis of Safid Behbehan, Gholi Gheseh Zanjan, Kamarei Khomain, Dorcheh Esfahan and Safid Ghom Landraces at Seed and ...  Read More An experiment was conducted to determine bulbing time and growth analysis of Safid Behbehan, Gholi Gheseh Zanjan, Kamarei Khomain, Dorcheh Esfahan and Safid Ghom Landraces at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj at 2007 based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds were sown in nursery in early February and seedlings were transplanted in early May. Bulbing occurred in landraces from a photoperiod of 14 h and 21min (11 June) to 14 h and 32 min (7 July). The results of growth analysis showed a slow growth (about 75 days after emergence) and a rapid growth after that. Leaf blade growth continued after bulbing in all landraces, exception in Safid Qom landrace, that leaf blade growth stopped approximaitly simultaneously with bulbing. Also mentioned landrace had the highest bulb growth  rate, crop growth rate and leaf area index . A high significant positive correlation ( r =0. 69 ) was found between relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.Safid Behbahan landrace produced the minimum yield. According to results, we recommended Safid Qom landrace for planting at Karaj region.  

---

• View Article
• PDF 457.35 K
• Extended Abstract

Effects of Different Levels of Potassium and Calcium on Growth, Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Vendetta Cut rose Flower (Rosa hybrida L.)

SH K; M.J M; K M

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 15-26

Abstract

  Growth, nutrients concentration and quality of rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.( were evaluated under different potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels in the nutrient solution. This experiment ...  Read More Growth, nutrients concentration and quality of rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.( were evaluated under different potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels in the nutrient solution. This experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates on rose plants cultivar “Vendetta” under hydroponic conditions during 2007-2008 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center, Dezful, Iran. Rose plants were grown and irrigated with nutrient solutions having three K concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM in combination with two Ca concentrations of 1.6 and 4.8 mM. The results indicated that vegetative growth indices were not affected by different K and Ca concentrations in the nutrient solutions. Furthermore, increasing the K concentration in the solution significantly increased (P< 0.01) K concentration in rose parts, but markedly suppressed the Ca concentration of roots, leaves and petals as well as the Mg concentration of roots and leaves in rose plants. A regression relationship (r2= 0.78) was observed between the Ca and K concentrations of the leaves. However, application of Ca decreased K concentration in all of the rose parts and also increased the Ca concentration in various rose parts, expect leaves. At both harvesting dates of rose flowers, application of K at a concentration of 5.0 mM in nutrient solution, enhanced yield of the flowers more than the other K levels. Meanwhile, increasing the Ca concentration from 1.6 to 4.8 mM, markedly increased the yield of flowers. These results suggest that in order to decrease antagonistic effects between K and Ca and at the same time improving rose nutritional balance and yield, the application of combined 5.0 mM K and 4.8 mM Ca are recommended for Vendetta cut rose production in hydroponic condition.

---

• View Article
• PDF 623.81 K
• Extended Abstract

Study of Terminal Drought Stress on Yield, yield Components Oil and Protein, Percentage and Root Growth Canola Under Ahvaz Climate Conditions

A S.A; M.H GH; A B; GH F; A N

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 53-66

Abstract

  This research was carried in a pot experiment in order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on yield, yield components oil and protein percentage and root growth, in Khuzestan ...  Read More This research was carried in a pot experiment in order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on yield, yield components oil and protein percentage and root growth, in Khuzestan agricultural and natural resource research center in 2008-2009 years. Treatments were consisted of drought stress including 50, 60 and 70 percent of water use content, which was applied from early heading stage until completely repining time, and three springs Canola cultivar including shirali, hayola 401 and R.G.S. Treatments were conducted as factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Measurements were included of yield, yield components, oil and protein percentage, root length, diameter, root volume, and root dry matter. The results showed that, significantly, drought stress reduced grain yield, biological yield and harvest index and the average of reduced of them during 2 years were 21.3, 29.3, and 32.1 percent respectively. Among grain yield components, grain weight and pod number have been reduced 28.3 and 49.4 percent respectively in response of drought stress. Drought stress decline 9.1 percent oil and increased 16.6 percent protein. Drought stress reduced root and dry matter and increased root diameter .mean root length, dry matter reduced 55 and 36.9 percent respectively and root diameter increased 58 percent in response of drought stress. The results showed that under Khuzestan climate condition terminal drought stress has decreased canola production by affecting root growth and also by reducing yield, yield components and decline oil percent.   

---

• View Article
• PDF 524.53 K
• Extended Abstract

Gene action for various agronomic traits in maize using generation means analysis

M Z; R CH; M.R B; E M

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 81-96

Abstract

  In order to study the inheritance and nature of action of the genes controlling various traits in maize, K18 х K74/1 and K18 х K3653/5 were crossed. Parents with F1, F2 and backcrosses ...  Read More In order to study the inheritance and nature of action of the genes controlling various traits in maize, K18 х K74/1 and K18 х K3653/5 were crossed. Parents with F1, F2 and backcrosses generations were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2005. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed significant differences between studied generations for all traits. Thus, the generation mean analysis was performed for all traits. The results showed that although, additive, dominance and effects of epistasis were important for days to silking, days to physiologic maturity, days from silking to physiologic maturity, ear height and the number of kernels per row and most of traits in K18 х K74/1 and K18 х K3653/5 crosses respectively but the dominance gene effects were the most important for inheritance of the majority of traits. The F1 means of most traits in both crosses were more than parents, which indicate heterosis. Average broadsense heritabilities were between 29% and 69% and between 45% and 81% and the range of narrowsense heritability were between 0.9% and 60% and between 0% and 51% for all traits In K18 х K74/1 and K18 х K3653/5 crosses, respectively.    

---

• View Article
• PDF 262.93 K

The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Content of Different Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Cultivars as Double Crop in Yasouj Region

M A; M M; H F; A D; M A

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

  In order to study the effects of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of spring safflower, as double crop, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at the research field ...  Read More In order to study the effects of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of spring safflower, as double crop, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at the research field of agricultural college of Yasouj University. The experimental design was a factorial with randomized complete block with three replications. Four sowing dates (May 16, June1, June 16 and July 2) as a first factor and four cultivars (Arak 2811, Esfahan 14, IL111 and PI) as second factors were used. The results showed that May 16 and June 16 sowing dates had Minimum (1129 kgha-1) and Maximum (1372 kgha-1) seed yield respectively. Significant interactions were observed between cultivars and sowing dates for most of measured characters. Cultivars of Esfahan 14 at July 2 sowing date and IL111 at May 16 sowing date showed the highest and the lowest seed yield, oil yield, seed numbers per plant and seed numbers per head, respectively. Generally, with respect to these results it might be suggested that the Esfahan 14 cultivar at July 2 sowing date was the best option for double cropping of spring safflower in Yasouj region. However, because of the coinciding the harvest date of Esfahan 14, at July 2 sowing date, with the sowing date of some winter crops, such as canola, the June 16 sowing date for all cultivars is suggested as the second option.    

---

• View Article
• PDF 239.18 K