Plant Productions

The Effect of Two Mycorrhiza Fungi Species on Biochemical Characteristic and Aerial Dry Biomass of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Under Cadmium Stress

Fariba Mohammadifard; Mohammad Moghaddam

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 81-94

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30809.1817

Abstract

IntroductionNowadays, soil pollution to various heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues in human societies, which has adverse effects on soil and soil flora and ... Read More IntroductionNowadays, soil pollution to various heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues in human societies, which has adverse effects on soil and soil flora and groundwater contamination. Among the heavy metals, cadmium with a half-life of about 20 years, its high mobility in the soil and absorption by the plant, has a significant toxicity that its presence in the food chain seriously threatens human health. A wide range of studies have shown that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases the resistance of many plants against heavy metals. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on biochemical properties of coriander under heavy metal stress, a pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouses at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications was conducted. The first factor was heavy metal in 4 levels of 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg nitrate cadmium soil and the second factor was mycorrhiza fungi in 3 levels without fungi and Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradicese application. The soil mixture included soil, leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. All traits were measured at flowering stage. The studied traits include aerial parts dry biomass, chlorophyll, b, a, electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline. Data analysis using Minitab 17 software was done. Results and DiscussionThe results were showed that by increasing the concentration of cadmium, the amount of electrolyte leakage, soluble carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids and proline increased. However, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of dry biomass of aerial parts, chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids decreased. So, with increasing cadmium concentration, the amount of aerial parts dry biomass of coriander decreased by 40% compared with the control. Based on this study, using of mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium pollution reduced the stress influence, so that the highest amount of aerial parts dry biomass was found in plants treated with mycorrhizal and without cadmium application. The lowest amount dry biomass of aerial parts was found in without mycorrhizal with highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil). The highest amount of proline, soluble carbohydrate, phenol, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids was observed in plants which treated with the highest nitrate cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil) and Glomus intraradicese application. ConclusionSo that inoculated plants with mycorrhizal fungi had drier biomass of aerial parts than plants without mycorrhiza. According to the results of this study, in the conditions of environmental stresses such as cadmium stress, the use of mycorrhizal fungi reduces its destructive effects, which can be used as a management solution in heavy metal contaminated areas. In general, the results of this study showed that application of Glomus mosseae fungus in cadmium stress has a better effect on the traits and its application is recommended in this condition.

The Effect of Azomite Application on Reducing the Damage of Salinity Stress in Mexican Marigold (Tagetes minuta L.)

Farahnaz Azizi; Mohammad Moghaddam; Sara Farsaraei; Din Mohammad Moshfegh

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 247-258

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.29933.1778

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesSalinity stress is one of the main factors that limited crop production. Salt stress causes physiological effects by decreasing soil water potential. Azomite ... Read More Background and ObjectivesSalinity stress is one of the main factors that limited crop production. Salt stress causes physiological effects by decreasing soil water potential. Azomite is an inorganic mineral that contains more than 60 forms of nutrients (macro and microelements). This material modifies and improves the soil, and the high ionic exchange capacity of this substance has resulted in some of it being used to reduce the effects of salinity stress. Mexican Parsley (Tagetes minuta) is a medicinal plant from Asteraceae family that used in the food and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate biochemical response and dry aerial biomass of Tagetes minuta under salinity stress and Azomite application. Materials and methodsA pot experiment was conducted at the research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as factorial based on completely randomized design with three levels of salinity (0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl in irrigation water) and four levels of Azomite (0, 4, 8 and 12 g/kg soil) in three replications in 2018. The studied traits were included biochemical characteristics (RWC, Electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, antioxidant activity, total phenol, soluble carbohydrates, and proline) and dry biomass. Statistical analysis was performed using Minitab 17 software. The mean comparison was done by Bonferroni test at the 5% probability level. The figure drew by Microsoft Excel software. Results and DiscussionThe results of this experiment showed that the interaction effects of salinity and Azomite had a significant effect at a probability level of 1% on all of the studied traits. The highest amount of dry biomass (30.25 g.plant), RWC (74.2 %), chlorophyll a (7.5 mg.g-1FW), chlorophyll b (9.26 mg.g-1 FW), carotenoid (16.73 mg.g-1FW), total chlorophyll (33.39 mg.g-1FW) and essential oil content (0.46 %) were observed in treatment without salinity and 12 g/kg soil of Azomite. The highest amount of Electrolyte leakage (83.55 %), antioxidant activity (9727 %), Total phenol (95.10 mg.g-1FW), soluble carbohydrates (114.4 mg.g-1FW) and proline (0.12 µM/gDW) was observed on 60mM salinity and without the use of Azomite. NaCl stress can reduce nutrient uptake by the root of the plant and cause to decrease the growth of plants (Dry aerial biomass), RWC, Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll and increase antioxidant activity, total phenol, soluble carbohydrates, and proline. Azomite in salinity stress increase water holding and inhibited the plants from Na uptake. Therefore it prevents plants from Na toxicity. The result of this study showed that the highest salinity level (60 mM NaCl) and application of Azomite especially at 12 g/kg soil level had the highest effect on ameliorating biomass and biochemical characteristics of the plant.

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Sodium Nitroprusside in Alleviating Oxidative Damages Caused by Water Stress of Polyethylene Glycol in Medicinal Plant of Catmint Hairless under In Vitro Condition

R. Narimani; M. Moghaddam; D. Shokouhi

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 77-88

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19097.1375

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, the use of sodium nitroprusside as an antioxidant and plant growth regulators to decrease the negative effects of various stresses has been ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, the use of sodium nitroprusside as an antioxidant and plant growth regulators to decrease the negative effects of various stresses has been an in portant consideration. Materials and Methods This investigation was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications at the laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The first factor was water stress in three levels (0, 0.5, 1 %) by polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the second factor was use of different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, 25, 50, 100 µM), in MS medium. In order to provide the explants, seeds of catmint hairless were disinfected and cultivated in MS medium. When the explants were grown, they were affected by polyethylene glycol and different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside in MS medium. After two weeks, growth characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenol content and electrical conductivity were measured in explants. Results Water stress reduced the traits related to explants growth such as explants height, distance between internodes, fresh weight of explants, number of nodes and number of branches in each explant. Concentration of 25 µM of sodium nitroprusside had a great impact on improving these traits. The maximum amount of the measured traits was observed in water-stress-conditions using 25 µM of sodium nitroprusside and in without-water-stress conditions. Also, antioxidant activity (85.15%), total phenol content (5.15 mg/g FW) and electrical conductivity (74.92%) were in maximum amount in water-stress conditions by 1% polyethylene glycol application and non-use of sodium nitroprusside that decreased with the use of sodium nitroprusside. Discussion The results showed that using NO as an antioxidant compound reduces the effects of tension generally and the low concentration of nitric oxide (Concentration of 25 µM of SNP) seems to be the best concentration for catmint hairless seedlings under severe drought stress conditions which can reduces the adverse effects of stress and increases the probability of tolerance of seedlings in drought stress conditions by effecting on antioxidant activity of the plant.

Chemical Composition Essential Oil of Hors Mint (Mentha longifolia) as a Rich Source of Pulegone From Five Wild Habitats of Fars Province

p a; m m; j v; a gh; gh d

Volume 39, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 87-100

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12435

Abstract

Background and Objectives Horse Mint (Mentha longifolia synMentha sylvestris) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to Lamiaceae family. This plant has been used traditionally ... Read More

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Author = Mohammad Moghaddam

The Effect of Two Mycorrhiza Fungi Species on Biochemical Characteristic and Aerial Dry Biomass of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Under Cadmium Stress

Abstract

The Effect of Azomite Application on Reducing the Damage of Salinity Stress in Mexican Marigold (Tagetes minuta L.)

Abstract

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Sodium Nitroprusside in Alleviating Oxidative Damages Caused by Water Stress of Polyethylene Glycol in Medicinal Plant of Catmint Hairless under In Vitro Condition

Abstract

Chemical Composition Essential Oil of Hors Mint (Mentha longifolia) as a Rich Source of Pulegone From Five Wild Habitats of Fars Province

Abstract