Plant Productions

Evaluating APSIM-Barley model for different barley cultivars under water and nitrogeen stresses

Hassan Shahbazi; khosro Azizi; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Solieman Mohamadi; Naser Akbari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 October 2023

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43267.2092

Abstract

Introduction: Background: Crop simulation models provide the possibility to study the effect of agronomic management practices on agricultural production activities in a given location. ... Read More Introduction: Background: Crop simulation models provide the possibility to study the effect of agronomic management practices on agricultural production activities in a given location. The models are mechanistic and process-oriented that are able to simulate different agricultural systems (including arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran) through different sub-models (biological, environmental, managerial, and economic sub-models) connected with the main engine of the models. In order to use simulation models, these models should be evaluated under different management and climatic conditions to determine the accuracy of these models. Also, the use of these models is accompanied by the estimation of parameters or coefficients that show the characteristics of any cultivar in the model, however, the performance of a genotype in different environmental conditions, in addition to climatic factors and agricultural management, is also affected by these coefficients.The APSIM-Barley model can be used to evaluate the management practices on barley crop. The current research aimd to investigate and evaluate the APSIM-Barley model in relation to simulating the growth, development, and yield of three barley cultivars (Azaran, Jolgeh, and Bahman) under different conditions of nitrogen and irrigation supplies.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the APSIM-Barley model regarding simulating and quantifying the phenological stages, biomass, and grain yield of different barley cultivars, some independent experiment datasets were used. For crop model calibration, an experiment was conducted in a factorial split plot design at the Agricultural Research Center of Hamedan in 2019. The main factor consisted of three irrigation levels (30-30, 60-70, and 90-100% of the field capacity) and sub-factors included cultivar levels (Azran, Jolgeh, and Bahman as early, mid, and late cultivars, respectively) and three nitrogen levels (zero, medium, and optimum). For model validation, another series of independent datasets consisting of published articles and research projects were used. For assessing the efficiency of the crop model and comparing the simulated and measured values, R2, nRMSE, d-index, and MBE indices were used and OriginPro software was considerd for all statistical analysis and drawing of figures.Results: The simulation results of APSIM-Barley model in the calibration step showed that nRMSE for days to flowering and maturity was 2.43 and 2.4%, respectively. Also, under full water and nitrogen conditions, nRMSE for the leaf area index of Azaran, Jolgeh and Bahman cultivars was 13.5, 14.1, and 10.7%, respectively, and under severe water and nitrogen stresses, it was 16.5, 18.6, and 26.5% respectively. At this step, and nRMSE and d-index for biomass and grain yield were 24.9% and 0.98 and 15.2% and 0.96, respectively. In model validation step, nRMSE, d-index, R2, MBE were 15.02%, 0.96, 0.82 and 0.34 t ha-1, respectively, for grain yield. Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the APSIM-Barley model was able to simulate the growth, development, and grain yield of different barley cultivars with acceptable accuracy under different water and nitrogen management conditions in different years and regions. Therefore, the APSIM-Barley model can be used as a reliable tool in future studies such as climate change assessment, yield gap analysis, agricultural zoning, and etc. by other researchers.

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Simulating response of lentil cultivars to sowing date and initial soil moisture in Lorestan province

Mojtaba Koohro; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; khosro Azizi; Saeid Heidari; Seyed Reza Amiri

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.45041.2127

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Lentil is recognized as one of important legumes due to its favourable characteristics. The lintile production, like to other crops has been influenced by three ... Read More Abstract Introduction Lentil is recognized as one of important legumes due to its favourable characteristics. The lintile production, like to other crops has been influenced by three factors: management, genetics, and environment. Improving crop production can be achieved by optimizing these factors. Thus, paying attention to the above-mentioned factors can reduce the severe climatic effects on crop production. Among the above-mentioned factors, management strategies e.g., optimal sowing date and using the optimal cultivar are considered to improve crop production. Initial soil moisture, which can affect crop germination, establishment and ultimately growth and yield, is another important strategy. Accordingly, the current research was conducted in order to simulate the effects of cultivar, sowing date, and initial soil moisture on lentil grian yield in different locations of Lorestan province. Materials and Methods The study locations were Aligudarz, Nurabad, KhorramAbad, and Kuhdasht. Simple Simulation Models-iCrop2 (SSM-iCrop2) was used to simulate the lentil growth and development. The data required to run model included climatic, soil, management, and crop data. Daily long-term climatic data including maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, and radiation were collected from Iran Meteorological Organization The crop data e.g., the specific genetic coefficients of each cultivar were obtained form Amiri and Deihimfard (2018). The study treatments consisted of four sowing dates (21 January, 12 February, 4 March, and 30 April), two cultivars (early-maturity and late-maturity) and four initial soil moisture (32, 36, 42, and 58 mm). The model was run for 41 years (1980-2020). Initial soil water contents and sowing dates were obtained from a preliminary simulation experiment. Results and Discussion Averaged across all treatments, the highest grain yield was obtained at KhorramAbad (388 kg ha-1) due to higher rainfall during the growing season. In addition, the grain yield difference among the sowing dates ranged from kg ha-1 on 30 April to 364 kg ha-1 on 21 January. The reason for the higher grain yield on 21 January sowing date was the higher cumulative rainfall season (149.3 mm vs. 99.2 mm) and the lower mean temperature (22.9 °C vs. 23.9 °C) during the growing season compared to other sowing dates. Across locations, sowing dates, and cultivars, the highest grain yield (263 kg ha-1) was simulated under initial soil moisture of 58 mm. Also, on average across sowing dates, initial soil moisture contents, and locations, the early-maturity cultivar simulated more grain yield than late-maturity cultivar (405 kg ha-1 vs. 63 kg ha-1) due to the avoidance of drought stress at the end of the growing season. Considering different interactions, on average across locations, the highest grain yield was simulated by 704 kg ha-1 in the combination of early-maturity cultivar, early sowing date (21 January), and initial soil moisture of 58 mm. Conclusion In general, the results indicated that the lentil grain yield varied among the various study treatments (sowing date, cultivar, and initial soil moisture) as well as different locations of Lorestan province. Lentil growers can increase the lentil production in Lorestan province and study locations by using the interaction of early planting date (21 January)  early-maturity cultivar (Kimia)  higher initial soil moisture (58 mm). It should be noted that the current research was conducted under water-limited condition and it is suggested that researchers focus on other limitimg and reducing factors in the future studies.

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The effect of using of different levels of biological, chemical and manuare fertilizers on macro elements and some quantitative traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Fatemeh Fateminick; khosro Azizi; Soraya Ghasemi; Omidali Akbarpour

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 185-198

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43071.2084

Abstract

Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This ... Read More Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This cactus, which is also known as prickly pear or rocket cactus, although it produces high yields in fertile soils with sufficient water, but also produces significantly in poor soils with low water levels. Since nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium are very important in the diet of livestock, in this experiment, the nutritional value of this plant was investigated by evaluating these elements in forage cactus. The importance of producing fodder plants and improving their quality under the influence of nitrogen and manure fertilizers, this research with a sustainable agriculture approach to investigate the effect of different proportions of organic and chemical fertilizers especially nitrogen and their interaction on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage cactus were done. Materials and Methods To investigate the effect of using biological, chemical and manure fertilizers on Separate and integrated tests were carried out on some forage cactus traits during two cropping years (2019 and 2020). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on the percentage of nutrients and some quantitative characteristics of forage cactus in the form of a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications and the factors including biofertilizer treatments: MY1: use of mycorrhiza and MY0: no use of mycorrhiza and four levels of manure, respectively: M0: no use of manure, M1: use of 10 tons per hectare of manure, M2: use of 20 tons per hectare of manure, M3: use of 30 tons per hectare of manure and four levels of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea), respectively, including treatments N0: no use of urea, N1: use of 100 kilograms per hectare of urea, N2: use of 200 kilograms per hectare of urea, N3: use of 300 kilograms per hectare of urea and the treatment of not using mycorrhizal biofertilizer; Urea chemical fertilizer and manure were used as control treatments. The distance between rows was 50 cm and between rows was 50 cm. A distance of 1.5 meters between plots and 3 meters between repetitions was created to create an irrigation stream and a waste water outlet stream. The size of each plot was 6 square meters (4 × 1.5) with 4 crop lines and the plant density was 3.33 per square meter. The main pad for planting was prepared from a three-year base and was prepared and transferred from the research farm affiliated with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) in Mehran city, belonging to the Agricultural Research Center of Ilam province. The measured traits were as follows: Pad length, pad width, dry forage yield, total pad number, nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and calcium percentage. Results and Discussion The results showed that the highest dry forage yield was obtained in the treatment at combined use of M3N3 in comparison with the control treatment (no use of fertilizer) with the lowest amount. The mentioned treatment improved the dry forage yield by approximately 75%, , compared to the control treatment. The best results after this treatment are in the combined M3N2, M2N3 and M2N2 obtained. The traits of Ca percentage, P percentage, K percentage, N percentage, the total number of pad and the length and width of each pad showed favorable results in the integrated application of manure and nitrogen, and the integrated application of manure and chemical was significant on all the experimental traits. Conclusion The results of this research showed that the effect of using mycorrhizal biofertilizer was effective only on the amount of phosphorus and on other measured traits. It was not significant and because no significant difference was observed between treatments using mycorrhiza and not using it; because the cactus plant is perennial, it is recommended that the study regarding the use of mycorrhizal fungi and the process of quantitative and qualitative changes of this plant be further investigated in multi-year and long-term supplementary experiments.

Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers and Salicylic Acid Spraying on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat Under Drought Stress

Fatemeh Chaharlang Badil; khosrow Azizi; Hamid Reza Eisvand; Ali heidar Nasrollahi; Ahmad Ismaili

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 397-408

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40567.2026

Abstract

IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic crops worldwide. Drought stress is one of the important and abiotic stresses that reduces the growth ... Read More IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and strategic crops worldwide. Drought stress is one of the important and abiotic stresses that reduces the growth and yield of plants.in arid and semi-arid regions. Today, the economic damage and destructive effects of the environment due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture are known worldwide, and it is obvious that a suitable alternative must be found for these fertilizers. Currently, biofertilizers are used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers based on the principles of sustainable agriculture and stress tolerance of plants. Salicylic acid is a natural phenolic compound that is involved in reducing the harmful effects of abiotic environmental stresses and regulating vital physiological processes in plants. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out to assess the effect of fertilizer nutrition and foliar application of salicylic acid on wheat tolerance of Chamran 2 cultivar to drought stress experiment as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design in the 2019-2020 crop year in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University in three replications was performed The experimental site was located at a latitude 33°26′ N, a longitude 45°17′ E, and an altitude of 1210 m with a semi-arid climate, mean annual precipitation of 462.8 mm, mean annual evaporation of 1842.52 mm, and mean annual temperature of 16.6 °C .Main plot includes irrigation levels in two levels of without stress (100% of field capacity) and drought stress (50% of field capacity) and sub-plots including fertilizer in five levels including no use of biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer, application of 100% chemical fertilizer, seed inoculation of nitroxin biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer, seed inoculation of mycorrhizal + 50% chemical fertilizer, (simultaneous use of biofertilizers (nitroxin + mycorrhiza) + 50% chemical fertilizer, and foliar application treatment at two levels (foliar application with water and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM salicylic acid). Results and DiscussionThe results showed that drought stress increased grain protein and malondialdehyde and decreased other evaluated traits. Fertilizer nutrition and salicylic acid foliar application treatment alone increased the evaluated traits and decreased malondialdehyde content compared to the no use of biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and no foliar application of salicylic acid. Combined treatment of fertilizer (nitroxin + mycorrhiza) + 50% chemical fertilizer and salicylic acid could reduce the effect of drought stress on the traits evaluated in this study on wheat of Chamran 2 cultivar. As a result can this treatment suggested to the farmer in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of this wheat variety under drought stress conditions. ConclusionIn general, it can be concluded that the application of biofertilizers (nitroxin + mycorrhiza) + 50% chemical fertilizer and salicylic acid foliar application can be used as an effective and alternative fertilizer to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and water shortage in Khorramabad for sustainable agriculture. As a result, this treatment can be recommended to the farmer to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of this wheat cultivar under drought stress conditions.

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Author = khosrow Azizi

Evaluating APSIM-Barley model for different barley cultivars under water and nitrogeen stresses

Abstract

Simulating response of lentil cultivars to sowing date and initial soil moisture in Lorestan province

Abstract

The effect of using of different levels of biological, chemical and manuare fertilizers on macro elements and some quantitative traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Abstract

Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers and Salicylic Acid Spraying on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Wheat Under Drought Stress

Abstract