This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels on yield and sink-source limitation of corn at Mamasani, Fars Province. The factors of the experiment ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels on yield and sink-source limitation of corn at Mamasani, Fars Province. The factors of the experiment consisted of four plant densities (75000, 90000,105000, and 130000 plant ha-1) and three nitrogen levels (200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1). Results showed that with increasing plant population from 75000 to 130000 plant ha-1, the grain yield significantly increased from 12910 to 16890 kg ha-1. Under the condition that 50 percent air grain was omitted, the effect of density, nitrogen application and their interactions on kernel weight was significant. The density of 130000 plant ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application had the highest source limitation about 22.4 percent for the kernel weight; the density of 75000 plant ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen application had the lowest source limitation about 8.6 percent for the kernel weight. With removing tassel and upper leaves of ear, the effect of density and nitrogen application on source limitation for kernel weight was significant. By increasing plant density from 75000 to 130000 plant ha-1, source limitation significantly increased from 12.7 to 25.8 percent, and by increasing nitrogen rate from 200 to 400 kg ha-1, source limitation significantly decreased from 22.8 to 13.9 percent for the kernel weight. According to the results, 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen application and the density of 130000 plant ha-1 was the best treatment in this region.
In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on yield and quality of date fruit (cv Sayer), an experiment was carried out in randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on yield and quality of date fruit (cv Sayer), an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with eight treatments (each treatment include of two trees) and three replications in Arvand Kenar (Khuzestan Province) during 2004- 2006. The treatments were: control (without foliar application), foliar application of urea, foliar application of zinc sulfate, foliar application of boric acid, foliar application urea and boric acid, foliar application of urea and zinc sulfate, foliar application zinc sulfate and boric acid, foliar application of urea, zinc sulfate and boric acid. Concentration of urea, zinc sulfate and boric acid were (5, 3 and 2 g l-1) respectively. The results showed that foliar application had a significant effect on fruit set, yield, fresh weight, diameter, pH, reducing sugar of date fruit, and nitrogen density and leaf phosphor compared with control. Also, foliar application of urea and zinc sulfate had the highest effect on fruit set, yield and quality of date fruit.
In order to study the effects of planting date on yield of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Safiabad. The design was a strip plot based ...
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In order to study the effects of planting date on yield of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Safiabad. The design was a strip plot based on a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The vertical factor consisted of 4 levels of planting date (8 Jun, 22 Jun, 6 July and 20 July) and the horizontal factor included 12 cultivars (L14, Sahar, 504, L17, LD8149, Williams, Safiabadi, DPX, Williams*TN4.94, 5WCNE, BP, TN5.95*Hack). Results showed a significant difference among planting dates, cultivars and there interaction effect. The mean of planting dates showed that the highest (3401.38 kg/ha) and the lowest (2438.46 kg/ha) grain yield belonged to 20 July and 22 June. Significance of interaction between planting date × cultivars showed that cultivars had different reactions to changes of planting date. The mean of interaction between planting date× cultivars showed that the highest (4222.22 kg/ha) grain yield belonged to Safiabadi cultivar in 20 July, and the lowest (1800 kg/ha) grain yield belonged to Williams cultivar in 8 June. Although the first and second planting date had longer growth period in comparison to fourth planting date, coincidence of phonological stages (Flowering) with highest temperatures was effective in growth period duration at first and second planting dates in comparison to fourth planting date. Increases in growth period length leads to increase in biological yield.Therefore, the last planting date had greater grain yield than the first planting date, and because of reduction in the duration of growing period and number of irrigation, the end of July could be recommended in this region.
In order to study the influence of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on forage quantity and quality yield and some morphological traits of sweet cornan experiment ...
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In order to study the influence of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on forage quantity and quality yield and some morphological traits of sweet cornan experiment was conducted at Marvdasht during 2009. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot included 5 levels of nitrogen fertilizer (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Kg N ha-1) and the sub plots included 4 levels of municipal solid waste compost (10, 20, 30, 40 ton ha-1). Results showed that nitrogen and compost had a significant effect on dry forage yield, stem diameter and plant height. The highest dry forage yield equal to 584 gr.m-2 belonged to application of 300 kg N ha-1 and equal to 618 gr. m-2 for 40 ton ha-1 compost. Nitrogen had a significant effect only on length of sweet corn ear. The ash and crude fiber percentage was only affected by nitrogen and the crude protein percentage was affected by nitrogen and compost with the highest crude protein equal to 13.71 percent belonging to 300 Kg N ha-1 and 40 ton ha-1 compost showing the highest crude protein equal to 11.63 percent of dry matter. Nitrogen and compost had no significant effect on ash, ADF and NDF.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity stress on growth characteristics, respiration, photosynthesis and gas exchange in three sugar beet genotypes (13030, 22393 ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity stress on growth characteristics, respiration, photosynthesis and gas exchange in three sugar beet genotypes (13030, 22393 and IC) during 2009-2010 growing season, in the greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University. The study was complete randomized factorial block design with three replications. 35 days sugar beet seedlings were kept for eight weeks under three salinity levels including control (zero), 100, and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Salinity Stress decreased the shoot and root dry matter and leaf area. The results showed that with increasing salinity, the rate of photosynthesis (carbon dioxide assimilation), stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration rate decreased, whereas respiratory rate, leaf temperature and SPAD value increased. Based on stress susceptibility index (SSI), in 200 mM sodium chloride, 13030 and 22393 genotypes were semi tolerant and IC genotype as semi-sensitive were identified. According to the results, maintaining leaf area as the main source of plant photosynthesis improved root dry weight significantly (r=0.92**). The results showed that root dry weight, can be used as a criterion for salinity resistance of sugar beet varieties.
To study the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on forage yield, quality and growth characteristics in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) a glasshouse experiment was conducted ...
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To study the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on forage yield, quality and growth characteristics in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) a glasshouse experiment was conducted using a randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications at the College of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University of Tehran in 2007. In this study, the effects of chemical fertilizer including N, P and K with and without Urea foliar application for N, organic fertilizer including cattle manure with Pseudomonas florescence bacteria, combined application of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer as intermediate fertilization were investigated. The results showed the significant effects of applied treatments on measured parameters. Fertilizing treatments produced significantly higher leaf dry matter, forage quality traits including crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and leaf P contents than control. Leaf dry matter in chemical method without Urea foliar application, chemical method with Urea foliar application, intermediate and organic application was significantly higher, 66.6, 51.5, 57.7 and 33.3 percent respectively, than control. Combined application of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer were more effective than chemical fertilizer on quality trait and the yield of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). The effect of Pseudomonas florescence bacteria on the majority of above mentioned traits was significant. Thus, it could be used as a complementary fertilizer with manure and chemical fertilizer in sustainable and organic agricultural practices. Urea foliar application increased crude protein (CP) and decreased ADF, implying that Urea foliar application could be used to increase forage quality.
In order to compare the direct sowing and wheat seedling planting grown with different ages and cultures in different dates, an experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 in Ahvaz Agricultural ...
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In order to compare the direct sowing and wheat seedling planting grown with different ages and cultures in different dates, an experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 in Ahvaz Agricultural College. The experiment was carried out to split split plot and in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included culture methods applied at three levels of seedling planting without cutting, with cutting, and the seed culture. The sub factor included two levels of wheat cultivars, composed of cultivars, varieties of Fong and Chamran and sub-sub plots, including dates of planting seeds and seedlings transplanted at 30 December and 15 January. Results showed that spikelets per spike and spike number were the largest amount in direct planting and the lowest in seedling planting. In planting and transplanting date, treatment of spike lets per spike and grain yield were the highest value on the first planting date (with grain yield 2776.3 kg/ha) and the lowest in the second planting. Between Phong and Chamran cultivars observed, no significant differences were seen in the characteristics of spikelet number per spike, seed number per spike, and 1000 kernel weight. According to the results, delayed seedling transplanting and cultivation reduced the grain yield significantly. Direct culture was move effective than transplanting culture. Comparison of interactions revealed that direct seedling cultivation treatments of Chamran cultivars had the highest yield on the first planting date and seedling treatments had the lowest yield on the second planting date. Then cutting and no cutting seedling treatment of Chamran cultivar had the highest yield on the first planting date. In Khuzestan climate, seedling planting of wheat can be decrease reduction due to, delayed planting during the interruption in rainfall autumn.
In order to evaluate the adaptation ability of two main cultivated olive cultivars, Zard and Roghani, in Kermanshah olive orchards an experiment was conducted in four regions Gilane ...
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In order to evaluate the adaptation ability of two main cultivated olive cultivars, Zard and Roghani, in Kermanshah olive orchards an experiment was conducted in four regions Gilane Gharb, Ghasre Shirin, Javanmiri and Dalaho olive research stations. An orchard with 15 olive trees of each cultivar was selected in three replications. The experiment was based on complete randomized design. The analysis of the data showed that two cultivars had a significant difference in phonological and fruit traits. Inflorescence emergence, flower opening and full bloom were different based on regions. Cultivars had significant differences in flower number per inflorescence, complete flower percent, fruit set, fruit and seed weight, pulp fresh and dry weight, and pulp/pit ratio in different regions. Oil content of cultivars was different based on fruit dry and fresh weight in different regions, so that two cultivars had the highest oil content in Javanmiri and the lowest oil content in Ghasre Shirin region. Fruit olive yield was different in regions so that Zard with 4077 kg/h had the highest yield in Javanmiri and Roghani with 1546 kg/h had the lowest yield in Ghasre Shirin. We conclude that Javanmiri with an altitude higher than 1000m was the best region for olive tree growth and Ghasre Shirin with an altitude less than 300m was not suitable for olive growth. We recommend Zard olive cultivar to be planted in regions with an altitude high above 1000m.
In order to study wheat genotype responces to different waterlogging stress levels during stem elongation stage and evaluation of indices of tolerance and sensitivity to tension, an ...
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In order to study wheat genotype responces to different waterlogging stress levels during stem elongation stage and evaluation of indices of tolerance and sensitivity to tension, an experiment was conducted as a split – plot based on rondomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in three replications, in 2007-2008 growing season at Ahvaz Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center. In this study, the wheat genotypes (Chamran, Virinak, S-78-11, S-80-18) were plucked into primary plot and the waterlogging levels (0, 10, 20 days) were placed into secondary plot. Six indices of tolerance and sensitivity to waterlogging stress (MP, GMP, STI, TOL, HARM, SSI) were calculated for yield. In normal conditions, the line S-80-18 with yield 4/99 tons h-1, and in mild and severe conditions, the line S-78-11 with the yield 3/68 tons h-1 had the highest yield. The indices of MP, GMP, HARM, STI which had the highest correlation with the yield in normal conditions and also had different stress level were introduced as superior indices. These indices characterized the lines S-78-11 and S-80-18 as tolerant genotypes and the Virinak cultivar as sensitive to waterlogging. On the other hand, the indices of TOL and SSI also showed the line S-78-11 as the most tolerant and Chamran cultivar as the most sensitive to genotypes compored to waterlogging stress.
In order to study the effects of different sowing dates and Fertilization methods on yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) a field experiment was conducted ...
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In order to study the effects of different sowing dates and Fertilization methods on yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University on 2009-2010. The experiment was split plot on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was sowing dates in 3 levels (14Nov, 1 Dec, 15 Dec) and the sub-plot was different fertilization levels at six levels including: F1: control, F2:100% chemical fertilizer (100- 120-150 kg/ha NPK), F3: %25 organic fertilizer + %75 chemical fertilizer (75-90-112.5 kg/ha NPK + 7.5 ton/ha animal manure), F4: %50 organic fertilizer + %50 chemical fertilizer (50-60-75 kg/ha NPK + 15 ton/ha animal manure), F5: %75 organic fertilizer + %25 chemical fertilizer (25-30-37.5 kg/ha NPK + 22.5 ton/ha animal manure), F6: %100 organic fertilizer (30 ton/ha animal manure). Sowing date had a significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, seed number at main capitul, seed weight at main capitul and seed number at main capitul. Also, different fertilizing methods had positive impact on all traits under investigation, except 1000 seed weight at main capitul. The results showed that the highest grain yield resulted in 1 Dec (2175 kg/ha) sowing date. The late sowing date had a lower grain yield. The fertilizing systems had a significant effect on grain yield. The highest grain yields (2422 & 2408 kg/ha) were obtained by treatments of 100% chemical fertilizer and %75 organic fertilizer + %25 chemical fertilizer respectively. The grain yield had the highest positive significant correlation with the grain weight in sub capituls (r= 0.92**).
