تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

ارزیابی تغییرات کمی ترکیبات فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و ساپونینی میوۀ گیاه خارخاسک (.Tribulus terrestris L) تحت اثر روش‌های خشک کردن

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان
یاسمین دباغ کار 1
قاسم اقلیما 2
فاطمه آقامیر 2
محمد حسین میرجلیلی 3
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکدۀ گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکدۀ گیاهان و مواد اولیۀ دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 استاد، گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکدۀ گیاهان و مواد اولیۀ دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
10.22055/ppd.2025.48143.2215
چکیده
با توجه به کاربرد گستردۀ گیاه دارویی خارخاسک در صنایع داروسازی و نقش آن در تولید فرآورده‌های دارویی و مکمل‌های گیاهی، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت این گیاه دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است. فرآیند خشک‌کردن یکی از مهم‌ترین مراحل پس از برداشت در گیاهان دارویی محسوب می شود و می‌تواند اثر تعیین‌کننده‌ای بر حفظ ترکیبات فعال، پایداری فیتوشیمیایی و همچنین قابلیت نگهداری محصول داشته باشد، لذا انتخاب روش مناسب خشک‌کردن ضروری است. بر همین اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی و مقایسۀ اثر روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن بر مدت‌زمان خشک شدن و برخی صفات فیتوشیمیایی کلیدی گیاه خارخاسک طراحی و اجرا شد. به این منظور آزمایشی بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در سال 1402 در دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی تهران اجرا شد. در این مطالعه از میوۀ گیاه خارخاسک که از کلکسیون گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی که در مرحلۀ میوه‌دهی برداشت شده بود، استفاده گردید. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل خشک کردن طبیعی (خشک کردن در آفتاب و سایه)، خشک کردن در آون (40، 50 و  60 درجه‌سانتی‌گراد) و خشک کردن در مایکروویو (توان 500، 700 و 900 وات) بودند. در روش‌های مختلف، خشک کردن تا رسیدن محتوای رطوبت به 10 درصد (بر پایۀ وزن تر گیاهی) ادامه یافت. از نمونه‌های خشک شده جهت استخراج عصاره متانولی به منظور اندازه‌گیری برخی متابولیت‌های ثانویه شامل میزان محتوای فنل کل، فلانوئیدکل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، ساپونین کل و محتوای دیوسژنین استفاده گردید. بیشترین (70 ساعت) و کمترین (6 دقیقه) مدت زمان خشک شدن به ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای خشک کردن درسایه و خشک کردن با توان 900 وات مایکروویو بود. بالاترین محتوای فنل کل (12/6 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم مادۀ خشک)، فلاونوئید کل (7/38 میلی‌گرم روتین بر گرم وزن خشک) و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی ( IC50 = 16/70 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) در تیمار خشک کردن در سایه و بیشترین محتوای ساپونین کل (9/75 میکروگرم معادل اولئانولیک بر گرم وزن خشک) و دیوسژنین (7/75 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار آون با دمای 40 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد مشاهده شد. با افزایش دمای آون و توان مایکروویو میزان متابولیت‌های ثانویه در عصارۀ میوه خارخاسک کاهش یافت. به طور کلی، خشک کردن در سایه و خشک کردن آون در دمای پایین (40 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد) موثرترین روش‌ها برای حفظ ترکیبات فعال زیستی بودند، در حالی که خشک کردن مایکروویو یک جایگزین سریع با کمی کاهش کیفیت ارائه کرد. این یافته‌ها بینش‌های عملی برای بهینه‌سازی فرآیند پس از برداشت به منظور افزایش ارزش دارویی خارخاسک را  ارائه می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
دیوسژنین
ساپونین‌کل
فرآوری
فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of quantitative changes in phenolic, flavonoid and saponins compounds of caltrop (Tribulus terrestris L.) fruit as affected by drying methods

نویسندگان English

Yasamin Dabaghkar 1
Ghasem Eghlima 2
Fateme Aghamir 2
Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
 Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris L.) from the family of Zygophyllaceae, which is rich in saponins compounds, especially diosgenin, has various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-leukemia, and anti-cancer activities, due to these compounds and many medicines are produced from it. Drying is one of the main steps in the post-harvest process of medicinal plants, which plays an important role in the quantity and quality of their effective ingredients. The results of studies have shown that the method used for drying has a significant effect on the performance and content of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Considering the wide use of the caltrop in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the importance of the drying process in medicinal plants, this research aims to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the drying time and some phytochemical traits (including diosgenin content) of the fruits of caltrop was executed.
 Materials and Methods
 In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the fruit of the caltrop, an experiment based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three repetitions was carried out in 2023 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Plants and Medicinal Plant and Drug Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. In this study, the fruit of caltrop plant was used, which was collected from the collection of medicinal plants of Shahid Beheshti University, which was harvested at the fruiting stage. The tested treatments included natural drying (drying in the sun and shade), drying in the oven (40, 50 and 60 °C) and drying in the microwave (power 500, 700 and 900 W). In different methods, drying was continued until the moisture content reached 10% (based on plant-wet weight). The dried samples were used to extract the methanolic extract in order to measure some secondary metabolites, including total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, total saponins and diosgenin content. The content of total phenol, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and DPPH methods, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to measure diosgenin content.
 Results and Discussion
According to the results obtained, increasing microwave powers resulted in a significant reduction in the time required to reach a moisture content of 10% on a wet weight basis. Also, the drying time in the microwave method, especially at 900 W power, was shorter compared to the oven method (with a duration of 9, 12 and 16 hours). In the oven-drying method, the drying process varied from nine to 16 hours depending on the different temperatures, and increasing the oven temperature increased the slope of the moisture content reduction curve. In addition, with increasing temperature, the drying time decreased significantly. The drying process in the natural method was 45 and 70 hours in the sun and shade methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (12.6 mg GAE. g-1 DW), total flavonoid (7.38 mg RE g-1 DW) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 16.70 μg.ml-1) in shade drying treatment was achieved.  The highest content of total saponins (9.75 μg oleanolic acid g-1 DW) and diosgenin (7.75 mg. g-1 DW) was observed in oven treatment with a temperature of 40 °C. With the increase of oven temperature and microwave power, the amount of secondary metabolites in caltrop fruit extract decreased.
 Conclusion
Overall, shade drying and oven drying at low temperature (40°C) were the most effective methods for preserving bioactive compounds, while microwave drying provided a rapid alternative with little loss of quality. These findings provide practical insights for optimizing post-harvest processing to enhance the medicinal value of caltrop.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antioxidant activity
Diosgenin
Processing
Total saponins
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 48، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 685-698