تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی کودهای نانو و آلی بر عملکرد دانه و روغن بادام‌‌زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - دانه های روغنی

نویسندگان
جهان شیرزاد اجیرلو
سلیم فرزانه
احمد توبه
فاطمه احمدنیا
رئوف سید شریفی
محسن نوری
گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
10.22055/ppd.2025.46840.2164
چکیده
به دلیل اقتصادی بودن زراعت بادام‏ زمینی و سازگاری مناسب آن با شرایط اقلیمی مغان، سال به سال زراعت بادام‌‏زمینی توسعه یافته و کشاورزان زیادی به زراعت آن روی آورده‌‏اند. طی چند سال اخیر راهبرد­های مختلف تغذیۀ گیاه مبتنی بر حفظ محیط زیست و دسترسی بهتر به عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، که یکی از مهم­ترین آن­ها استفاده از فن­آوری نانو و کودهای آلی می­‌باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی عملکرد دانه و روغن بادام‌‌زمینی تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کودی نانو و برخی کودهای آلی در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در شهرستان پارس آباد در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شاهد (بدون محلول­پاشی)، محلول­پاشی نانوکودهای نیتروژن (10 لیتر در هکتار)، فسفر (سه کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کلات پتاسیم (پنج کیلوگرم در هکتار)، اسید هیومیک (سه کیلوگرم در هکتار) و  عصارۀ جلبک دریایی (سه کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود که در سه مرحلۀ رویشی (20 روز پس از کاشت)، 50 درصد گلدهی (45 روز پس از کاشت) و غلاف­‌بندی (10 روز پس از 50 درصد گل‏دهی) اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که محلول­پاشی نانوکود نیتروژن، فسفر، کلات پتاسیم، اسید هیومیک و عصارۀ جلبک دریایی اثر معنی‌­داری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بادام زمینی داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه (به‌­ترتیب 3637 و 2412 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمارهای اسید هیومیک و تیمار شاهد به­‌دست آمد. بررسی افزایش صفات در اثر محلول­پاشی نانوکود نیتروژن و اسید هیومیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته (به­‌ترتیب 16/84 و 13/55 درصد)، سطح برگ (به‌­ترتیب 40 و 35/28 درصد)، تعداد شاخه (به‌­ترتیب 14/25 و 23/78 درصد) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی (به­‌ترتیب 37/46 و 33/42 درصد)، بیشترین افزایش را داشتند. درصد روغن دانۀ بادام زمینی در اثر محلول­پاشی با نانوکود فسفر و اسید هیومیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به‌­ترتیب 19/31 و 20/73 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین درصد پروتئین دانه در اثر محلول­پاشی با نانوکود نیتروژن، فسفر و عصاره جلبک دریایی به­ترتیب 20/02، 5/07 و 6/30 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. از نتایج چنین استنباط می­‌گردد با وجود اثر معنی‌­دار تمام تیمارهای مورد بررسی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بادام زمینی، مؤثرترین تیمار محلول­پاشی کاربرد نانوکود نیتروژن و اسید هیومیک بودند. نتایج این پژوهش می­‌تواند بر انتخاب مناسب‌­تر نانوکود و محرک‌­های رشد برای افزایش عملکرد بادام زمینی به پژوهشگران و کشاورزان کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پروتئین دانه
شاخص برداشت
محرک‌های رشد
نانوکودها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effects of foliar application of nano and organic fertilizers on seed and oil yield of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نویسندگان English

Jahan Shirzad Ajirlu
Salim Farzaneh
Ahmad Tobeh
Fatemeh Ahmadnia
Raouf Seyed Sharifi
Mohsen Noori
1. Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a high-nutrient plant used in human and animal feed. The peanut plant's nutritional value highlights the need for maximum production. An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of nano fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium chelates, humic acid, and seaweed extract on the quality and quantity of peanut yield.
Materials and Methods
 This research was conducted in the crop year 2020-2021 in Parsabad city, Ardabil province, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments were conducted by foliar spraying of nitrogen nano fertilizers at a rate of 10 L. ha-1. Additionally, phosphorus was sprayed at a rate of 3 kg. ha-1, potassium chelates at a rate of 5 kg. ha-1, humic acid at a rate of 3 kg. ha-1, and seaweed extract at a rate of 3 kg. ha-1. These treatments were compared to a control. Peanut seeds of the Atlas variety were obtained from the research center. Foliar spraying of nano fertilizers and growth stimulants was done in three stages: 20 days after planting, flowering, and podding. Weed control during the experimental period was done through hand weeding twice. Simultaneously controlling weeds, soiling was done at the foot of the bush. Also, irrigation was done immediately after planting. Furthermore, spraying with the fungicide Dithan M45 WP%80 at the rate of 1 kg. ha-1 was done to control the leaf spot disease. At the end of the growth period, 15 plants were selected from the middle rows of each experimental plot, and the marginal effects were removed before sampling the peanuts.
Results and Discussion
 The results indicated a significant increase in peanut yield and yield components due to applying foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium chelate, humic acid, and seaweed extract. The peanut seed yield ranged from 2412 to 3637 kg. ha-1 with a significant difference between the humic acid treatments and the control. After analyzing the percentage increase of foliar spraying in comparison to the control treatment, it was observed that plant height increased by 16.84% and 13.55%, leaf area increased by 40.00% and 35.28%, the number of branches increased by 14.25% and 23.78%, and the dry weight of aerial parts increased by 37.46% and 33.42% due to foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid. The application of phosphorus nano fertilizer and humic acid through foliar spraying resulted in a 19.31% and 20.73% increase in the oil percentage of peanut seeds, respectively, in comparison to the control treatment. Furthermore, after foliar spraying with nitrogen, phosphorus, and seaweed extract, the protein percentage increased by 20.02%, 5.07%, and 6.30% respectively, compared to the control treatment.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that all investigated treatments significantly influenced peanut yield and its yield components. Nitrogen nano-fertilizer and humic acid proved to be the most effective in enhancing yield performance. These findings suggest that the use of nitrogen nano-fertilizer and humic acid can be an effective strategy for improving peanut productivity. Furthermore, the results provide valuable information for researchers and farmers in selecting appropriate nano-fertilizers and growth stimulants to enhance peanut yield and productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Growth stimulants
Harvest index
Nano fertilizers
Seed protein
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 49، شماره 2
تابستان 1405
صفحه 221-238