Document Type : Research Paper - Industrial Crops
Authors
1 Assistant professor, Sugar beet Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Gonbad Agricultural Research Station, Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,Gonbad, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction
Autumn cultivation has been proposed as a strategy to capitalize on seasonal rainfall and reduce water consumption. However, this approach has faced challenges with Cercospora disease and bolting across various regions.
Materials and Methods
Therefore, Considering the occurrence of bolting phenomenon and Cercospora leaf spot disease which have an adverse effect on the quantitative and qualitative yield of autumn sugar beet, this study was done in order to investigate the number of 16 sugar beet cultivars in terms of resistant to bolting and Cercospora leaf spot and higher quantitative and qualitative yield in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Khuzestan province (Dezful region) and Golestan province (Gonbad-e Kavus region) in the 2022-2023 crop year. The bolting percentage was zero in the Dezful region, and for this reason, this trait was not included in the analysis of variance.
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance in Dezful region showed that the cultivars have significant differences in terms of all the traits except the amount of bolting and sugar content.The Mean comparison of cultivars showed that the highest yield of white sugar was found in Vanilla cultivars (10.60 t. ha-1) and Volga (9.49 t. ha-1), the highest root yield (83.10 t. ha-1) was observed in Vanilla and Sibelius varieties (79.81 t. ha-1), the highest White sugar content in Volga (13.77 %), Flixter (13.36 %) and Algar varieties (13.26 %) was observed in Dezful region. regarding impurities in the roots, the varieties Volga (1.83 meq.100 g-1 pulp) and Balzan (1.89 meq.100 g-1 pulp) had the lowest sodium, while Volga (2.55 meq.100 g-1 pulp), Alegra (2.56 meq.100 g-1 pulp) cultivars hade the lowest potassium levels. The lowest amino nitrogen levels were found in Allegra (2.94 meq.100 g-1 pulp), Algar (3.43 meq.100 g-1 pulp), Pegaz (3.35 meq.100 g-1 pulp) and Contenta (3.09 meq.100 g-1 pulp). As for sugar extraction efficiency, Volga (86.46%), Balzan (83.36%), and Lodata (83.33%) had the highest efficiencies. Among the varieties, only one (Casablanca) exhibited a semi-resistant reaction (a score of 3.88 out of 9) to Cercospora disease, while the others showed reactions ranging from semi-sensitive to sensitive (scores above 4). In Dezful, no bolting was observed in any of the cultivars, while the sensitive control exhibited 36.84% bolting. Therefore, it can be concluded that while conditions were somewhat favorable for bolting, the varieties demonstrated resistance due to the climatic conditions during the growing season.
In the Gonbade- Kavus region, the analysis of variance showed that the effects of cultivar on all traits was significant except root yield and sodium content. The mean comparison of varieties indicated that the highest white sugar yield was found in the varieties Volga (10.26 t. ha-1) and Algar (9.21 t. ha-1), while the highest sugar content was in Volga (17.33%), Contenta (17.28%), Sy_muse (17.24%), Vanilla (17.13%), and Flickster (17.11%). The highest white sugar content was found in Volga (14.87%), Sy_muse (14.27%), Vanilla (13.96%), and Contenta (13.94%). Regarding root impurities, Volga (4.73 meq.100 g-1 pulp) had the lowest potassium, and other varieties had higher potassium levels (above 5 meq.100 g-1 pulp). Except for the varieties Oxalide (2.03 meq.100 g-1 pulp), Laudata (1.72 meq.100 g-1 pulp), and Balzan (1.77 meq.100 g-1 pulp), which had high amino nitrogen levels, the rest of the varieties had low amino nitrogen (below 1.5, 100 g-1 pulp). The highest sugar extraction efficiency was observed in Volga (85.56%). In terms of resistance to Cercospora disease, most varieties exhibited resistance to semi-resistance, with two varieties, Balzan and Vanilla, showing complete resistance. The lowest bolting percentages were observed in Balzan (3.32%), Oxalide (3.62%), Sibelius (3.96%), and Cardamone (4.14%), while the sensitive control showed a bolting percentage of 93.415%.
Conclusion
Thus, it appears that Dezful's environmental conditions are more conducive to the development and establishment of Cercospora disease than those of Gonbad-e Kavus. In Gonbade Kavus region, the environmental conditions for bolting have been more favorable than in Dezful region. In order to study the bolting and Cercospora disease in autumn sugar beet, while choosing a suitable cultivar resistant to bolting and Cercospora disease, the environmental conditions of the region are also very important.
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