تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

تأثیر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و درصد اسانس گیاه دارویی گل گاوزبان ایرانی (.Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A. Mey) تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 گروه منابع طبیعی و جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
تنش شوری یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در تولید موفق محصولات کشاورزی به‌ویژه در زمینۀ گیاهان دارویی محسوب می‌شود. این نوع تنش می‌تواند اثرات منفی چشمگیری بر رشد و توسعۀ گیاهان داشته باشد و از این رو، شناسایی راهکارهای مؤثر برای کاهش این اثرات از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این زمینه، ترکیبات هورمونی مانند اسید سالیسیلیک به عنوان تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی شناخته می‌شوند که می‌توانند تأثیرات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی قابل توجهی بر گیاهان تحت تنش شوری داشته باشند. اسید سالیسیلیک به عنوان یک هورمون گیاهی، نقش کلیدی در بهبود تحمل گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی از جمله تنش شوری ایفا می‌کند. به منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات رویشی، فیزیولوژیک و درصد اسانس گل گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) در شرایط تنش شوری، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر دانشگاه تبریز انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در غلظت‌های صفر، 180 و 360 میکرومولار و تنش شوری در سطوح صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلی ‌مولار  کلرید سدیم بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تنش شوری بر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی تأثیر منفی گذاشت و منجر به کاهش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و درصد اسانس شد. با این حال، محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک تأثیر مثبتی در بهبود این صفات تحت تنش شوری داشت. بیشترین وزن تر (24/6 گرم) و خشک (7/2 گرم) اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه (25/9 سانتی‌متر) و درصد اسانس (1/64 درصد) در تیمار با غلظت 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک و سطح شوری شاهد به دست آمد. همچنین، بیشترین محتوای فنول (24/5 میلی‌گرم اسید گالیک در 100 گرم وزن تر) و فلاونوئید (15/1 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین در 100 گرم وزن تر) در تیمار با غلظت 180 میکرومولار اسید سالیسیلیک و سطح شوری 25 میلی‌مولار مشاهده شد. نتایج بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری در محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک نشان داد که استفاده از 360 میکرومولار در شرایط تنش شوری معادل 75 میلی‌مولار، منجر به افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز گردید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، می‌توان محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 360 میکرومولار را به عنوان یک راهکار مؤثر برای کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری در گیاه گل گاوزبان ایرانی توصیه کرد. به‌طور کلی، یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند به عنوان یک روش بهینه و مناسب برای افزایش رشد و بهبود ویژگی های فیزیولوژیک این گیاه در شرایط تنش شوری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. این نتایج می‌تواند به کشاورزان و محققان در بهبود عملکرد گیاهان دارویی تحت شرایط نامساعد محیطی کمک کند و به توسعۀ روش‌های کشاورزی پایدار و مؤثر منجر شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on morphophysiological traits and essential oil content of Iranian Borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) under salinity stress

نویسندگان English

Mina Amani 1
Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh 2
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Natural Resources and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ahar, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
 Medicinal plants play a vital role in both traditional remedies and modern medicine, serving as the basis of numerous therapeutic agents. Iran’s diverse climate and rich natural resources make it as a leading producer and exporter of medicinal plants. Echium amoenum is highly valued for its bioactive compounds, but its cultivation is often constrained by environmental stresses, particularly soil salinity, which is common in arid and semi-arid regions. Salinity severely limits the growth and productivity of medicinal plants. Salicylic acid (SA), a plant hormone, is recognized for its ability to enhance plant tolerance to salt stress by regulating physiological and biochemical mechanisms, including osmolyte accumulation and the activation of genes involved in phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis, key functions for stress adaptation. This study investigates the impact of foliar salicylic acid on the morphophysiological traits and essential oil yield of Iranian Borage under varying levels of salinity stress.
Materials and Methods
A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 180 and 360 µM) and four salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 mM NaCl). Morphophysiological parameters and essential oil content were measured to evaluate plant responses. Assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were verified prior to factorial ANOVA.
Results and Discussion
Salinity stress significantly reduced all measured traits in Iranian Borage. However, foliar application of salicylic acid ameliorated these negative effects. The highest values for fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and essential oil yield were observed with 360 µM salicylic acid in the absence of salinity. Notably, the maximal accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds occurred at 180 µM salicylic acid under 25 mM NaCl stress. These results indicate a differential response of plant growth and secondary metabolite synthesis to salicylic acid and salinity levels.
Conclusions
Foliar application of salicylic acid, particularly at 360 µM, markedly improves growth, yield, and essential oil content of Iranian Borage under non-saline conditions, while 180 µM under mild salinity enhances the production of phenolic and flavonoids compounds key determinants of the plant’s antioxidant capacity and stress resilience. This study highlights salicylic acid as an effective, practical tool to boost both the yield and medicinal value of borage, especially in regions impacted by soil salinity. Its application offers a sustainable strategy for improving the quality and adaptability of medicinal plants in challenging environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Abiotic Stress
Flavonoids
Foliar Application
Phenolics
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