تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

بررسی تعادل عناصر غذایی نیشکر با استفاده از مدل DRIS در مزارع شمال خوزستان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشـگاه شهید چمران اهـواز، اهواز، ایران
2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
4 محقق مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
روش سیستم یکپارچه تشخیص و توصیه (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) یک روش دو متغیره، به عنوان ابزار تشخیص جهت به حداقل رساندن محدودیت‌ها و بیانگر مفهوم تعادل تغذیه‌ای در تفسیر وضعیت تغذیه‌ای گیاهان است که برای شناسایی محدودیت‌های عناصر غذایی که با تحلیل نتایج آزمون خاک تشخیص داده نمی‌شوند، پیشنهاد شده است. بررسی وضعیت تعادل عناصر غذایی با کمک روش DRIS با به دست آوردن اعداد مرجع براساس مزارع دارای عملکرد مطلوب صورت می‌گیرد. پژوهشی به منظور بررسی وضعیت تعادل تغذیه‌ای نیشکر به روش سیستم یکپارچه تشخیص و توصیه (DRIS)، با انتخاب 25 مزرعه به مساحت کل 550 هکتار از مزارع نیشکر راتون کشت و صنعت امام خمینی واقع در شمال استان خورستان با انجام نمونه برداری از برگ گیاه شامل 100 نمونه برگ کامل (سومین برگ از بالا) از ده نقطه مشخص در هر مزرعه و نمونه-برداری خاک از عمق 0-30 سانتی متری شامل 30 نمونه برای هر مزرعه در سال زراعی 1401-1402 اجرا گردید. در این بررسی عملکرد 112/31 تن در هکتار نیشکر به عنوان عملکرد بحرانی یا حدواسط  به دست آمد که براساس آن از بین 25 مزرعة نیشکر مورد ارزیابی، 5 مزرعه در گروه مزارع با عملکرد زیاد و 20 مزرعه در گروه مزارع با عملکرد کم قرار گرفتند. میانگین عملکرد نیشکر در گروه مزارع با عملکرد زیاد و در گروه مزارع با عملکرد کم به ترتیب 117/05 و 94/18 تن در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به شاخص تعادل غذایی DRIS (NBI) عنصر پتاسیم از میان عناصر پرمصرف، منفی‌ترین شاخص و از میان عناصر کم مصرف، عنصر روی منفی‌ترین شاخص بود. براساس توزیع فراوانی نسبی و مقدار میانگین شاخص تعادل غذایی (NBI_a) از نظر عنصر پتاسیم، 65 درصد مزارع دارای کمبود شدید، از نظر عنصر نیتروژن، 30 درصد مزارع دارای بیش‌بود، از نظر عناصر منگنز، آهن و کلسیم، 100 درصد مزارع در حد بهینه و همچنین از نظر عنصر فسفر، 95 درصد مزارع در حد بهینه تشخیص داده شد. شاخص تعادل غذایی برای عنصر مس برخلاف عنصر روی در کل مزارع مثبت بود که  به عنوان مثبت‌ترین شاخص در میان عناصر کم مصرف شناسایی شد و نشان دهندۀ بیش‌بود این عنصر است که بایستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. اولویت بندی نیاز عناصر غذایی در مزارع مورد مطالعه به تفکیک عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف بدین ترتیب مشخص شد (K>Ca>P>N>Mg و Zn>Mn>Fe>Cu). رابطۀ رگرسیونی و همبستگی بالای منفی و معنی‌دار (P<0.01) بین شاخص تعادل عناصر غذایی و عملکرد نیشکر در مزارع مورد مطالعه برقرار بود که نشان‌دهندۀ  مثبت بودن بررسی وضعیت عناصر غذایی با این روش است بنابراین می‌تواند در جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد نیشکر مؤثر باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the balance of sugarcane nutrients using the DRIS model in the fields of north Khuzestan

نویسندگان English

Adel Neisi 1
Mostafa Chorom 2
Heydar Ghafari 3
Jafar Alekasir 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Researcher of Khuzestan Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Plant nutrition, as a very effective factor in plant yield, is a function of the interaction effects of nutrients. Fertilization management based on soil test results has not led to optimal crop yield in many cases in plant cultivation because it does not show the synergistic and antagonistic effects of nutrients in the soil and their absorption by the plant. By using leaf analysis, examining the status of its nutrients and interpreting the results correctly and accurately, very good information about the nutritional status of the plant is obtained. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Method: A bivariate method is proposed as a diagnostic tool to express the concept of nutritional balance and to minimize limitations in interpreting the nutritional status of plants. Sugarcane, scientifically known as Saccharum officinarum, is a perennial plant from the cereal family and is an important agricultural crop that is cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Recently, many studies have been conducted in the country on the management of nutrients in various agricultural and horticultural plants using the DRIS method. However, no research has been conducted in the country so far on the status of nutritional balance of sugarcane using this method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional balance and determine the priority of nutrient requirements in ratoon sugarcane farms of the Imam Khomeini Agro-Industry Company in northern Khuzestan Province, with the aim of identifying and eliminating critical nutrient levels or ranges that limit sugarcane yield. This research will contribute to the identification of nutritional disorders, the prioritization of nutrient needs, the determination of their optimal ranges in the plant, and the improvement of fertilization management strategies.
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted in the north of Khuzestan province, in the Shoaibieh region, in the sugarcane farms of Imam Khomeini Agricultural and Industrial Company located at 31°39' to 31°55' North and 48°39' to 48°48' East. In order to investigate the nutritional balance of sugarcane using the Integrated Diagnosis and Recommendation System (DRIS) method, a database was prepared using sampling and chemical analysis of sugarcane leaves and farm performance. In this research, 25 ratoon (regrowth) sugarcane farms of the CP69-1062 variety with an area of 550 hectares were selected and leaf-soil tissue sampling was carried out. Thus, a composite sample of plant leaves including 10 fully visible and developed leaf samples (third leaf from the top) from each of the ten designated locations in each field and soil samples from a depth of 0-30 cm, totaling 750 samples, was collected. Including three replicate composite samples of 10 samples for each field.
Results and Discussion
Farm classification based on Sharma method, considering the yield of 112 ton. ha-1 as the median yield, out of 25 studied ratoon sugarcane farms, 5 farms were in the high-yield group and 20 farms were in the low-yield group. The average sugarcane yield in the high-yield group and in the low-yield group was 117.05 and 94.18 ton. ha-1, respectively. According to the results of DRIS nutritional indices, it was determined that in the low-yield sugarcane farms studied, potassium was the most negative among the high-yield elements and zinc was the most negative among the low-yield elements. The relative distribution of sugarcane nutritional status based on nutrient indices showed that 65 percent of the farms in the low-yield group had |IK |>NBIa and IK <0. This indicates a severe deficiency of ratoon sugarcane farms. Prioritization of nutritional needs in the studied farms was determined into two high-yield and low-yield categories as follows: K>Ca>P>N>Mg and Zn>Mn>Fe>Cu.
Conclusion
Using the DRIS method, it was found that the nitrogen index in 30% of the studied farms was positive and higher than the average value of the nutrient balance index |IN |>NBIa and IN>0, which indicates the high consumption of fertilizers containing this element and should be considered. The DRIS index for the nutrient element potassium was the most negative index among the most consumed elements, which indicates the low absorbable form in the soil and the lack of application of potassium fertilizer at the time of first cultivation, and the sugarcane plant's need for this element should be met from potash fertilizer sources in subsequent years (ratoon).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Leaf decomposition
Nutrient balance index
Nutrient detection
Ratoon sugarcane
Yield
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