Document Type : Research Paper - Agroecology
Authors
1 1- M.Sc. Student of Agrotechnology-Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University,
2 Professors of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University
3 2- Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University,
4 3- Ph.D. Student of Agrotechnology-Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University,
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: After cereals, oilseeds are the second most important source of energy for human societies. Since a large part of the oil used in the country is imported from abroad, the cultivation of oilseeds, including soybeans, and their proper management in order to increase yield, is very important. Phosphorus is considered the second limiting element for plant growth after nitrogen, and every year, large amounts of phosphorus in chemical fertilizers become insoluble after entering the soil and are removed from the plant's reach. One of the practical ways to use phosphorus accumulated in the land is the use of biological phosphorus fertilizers.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Test treatments include phosphorus chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) at 4 levels: zero, 60 kg.ha-1, 120 kg.ha-1 and 180 kg.ha-1 and biological phosphorus fertilizer at 4 control levels, phosphate bio-fertilizer including Pseudomonas bacteria, mycorrhiza fungus (Glomus mosseae L.) and the combined use of phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungus.
Results and Discussion:The results showed that the interaction effect of the applied treatments on the leaf area index was significant and the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of chemical fertilizer along with inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus increased the leaf area index by 112.61% compared to the control. Inoculation with phosphorus biofertilizer had a significant increasing effect on the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed. The highest increase in the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed was related to inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus and the lowest was related to the control. The interaction of phosphorus chemical fertilizer and biological phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield was significant. The highest seed yield (2085 kg.ha-1) was obtained with the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate and inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus, and the lowest seed yield (971.67 kg.ha-1) was obtained at zero level of chemical fertilizer and and biological fertilizer control treatment. The results showed that with the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers, the phosphorus use efficiency decreases. At the level of 60 kg of superphosphate fertilizer used, the application of phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhiza could create a significant increase in this attribute compared to other levels of biofertilizer and it had a 38.17% increase compared to the control.
Conclusion:Therefore, in this research, the incorporation of phosphorus biofertilizers, including phosphate dissolving bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, increased vegetative growth and improved seed yield and plant oil yield, and improved phosphorus utilization efficiency in soybeans. While with the increase in the consumption levels of phosphorus chemical fertilizers, the efficiency of the use of biological fertilizers decreased significantly.
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