تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

بررسی اثرکودهای آلی و زیستی بر جذب عناصر، فعالیت‌های فیتوشیمیایی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی و عملکرد گل گاوزبان اروپایی (.Borago officinalis L)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران
چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر، به منظور ترویج کشاورزی پایدار و افزایش عملکرد محصول از طریق بهینه‌سازی مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در کشور، استفاده از مواد آلی و کودهای زیستی توصیه شده است. زیرا مصرف کودهای شیمیایی با اثرات مخرب زیست محیطی و همچنین وابستگی زیاد به منابع انرژی تجدیدناپذیر، با مفاهیم پایداری کشاورزی سازگاری ندارد. کشت اکولوژیک گیاهان دارویی کیفیت آن‌ها را تضمین نموده و احتمال اثرات نامطلوب بر کیفیت دارویی و عملکرد آن‌ها را کاهش می‌دهد. تغذیۀ سالم گیاهان با کودهای آلی و زیستی موجب بهبود کیفیت خاک‌های کشاورزی و افزایش عملکرد گیاهان مختلف شده و بیشترین سازگاری را با هدف تولید گیاهان دارویی دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر نهاده‌های تغذیه‌ای اکولوژیک بر برخی ویژگی های گاوزبان اروپایی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در روستای فهلیان، شهرستان نورآباد، از توابع استان فارس اجرا گردید. عامل اول شامل کود کمپوست (کاه و کلش برنج+کود گوسفندی) در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و عامل دوم شامل کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (شاهد، قارچ میکوریزا Funneliformis moseae، باکتریBacillus subtilis  و قارچ میکوریزا+باکتری) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عناصرغذایی اندام هوایی (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن و روی)، صفات فیتوشیمیایی گل ها (میزان فنل، فلاونوئید، آنتوسیانین و میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی) و در نهایت عملکرد گل بود. اثرکمپوست و کودهای زیستی بر تمامی صفات مورد مطاله معنی‌دار بود. برهم‌کنش این دو فاکتور بر غلظت آهن و روی برگ، غلظت فنل و  فلاونوئید گل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در گل ها معنی‌دار نبود، اما بر صفات  غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آنتوسیانین گل ها و عملکرد گل معنی‌دار شد. نتایج به دست آمده بیانگر افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت آهن، روی، فنل، فلاونوئید و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل گاوزبان اروپایی با افزایش سطوح کمپوست از صفر به 10 تن در هکتار بود و در بین سطوح کود زیستی بیشترین میزان این صفات از تیمار تلفیقی کودهای زیستی میکوریزایی و باکتریایی حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن (1/54 درصد)، فسفر (0/46 درصد)، پتاسیم (2/48 درصد)، آنتوسیانین (0/49 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک گل) و عملکرد گل (65/60 گرم در متر مربع) نیز در زمان کاربرد 10 تن کمپوست در هکتار و کاربرد تلفیقی قارچ مایکوریزا و باکتری‌های باسیلوس سابتیلیس و کمترین میزان نیز از تیمار شاهد بدون کاربرد کمپوست و کودهای زیستی حاصل شد. طبق نتایج، گرچه منابع کودی ارگانیک و زیستی هر دو در تولیدگل گاوزبان اروپایی منجر به بهبود صفات مورد بررسی گردید، اما کاربرد تلفیقی کمپوست و کودهای زیستی (10 تن کمپوست در هکتار و تلفیق دو کود زیستی میکوریزایی و باکتریایی)، اثر و کارآیی بیشتری در افزایش این صفات به ویژه عملکرد گل داشت. بنابراین با توجه به اثرات مخرب کودهای شیمیایی و همچنین آثار مطلوب مشاهده شده از کودهای زیستی و آلی به‌منظورگسترش کشاورزی پایدار، مصرف کودهای زیستی و آلی به‌‌‌منظور توسعۀ کشت گل گاوزبان اروپایی توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on nutrient uptake, phytochemical and antioxidant activities and flower yeild of European borage (Borago officinalis L.)

نویسندگان English

Kiamars Azadinejad 1
Alireza Yadavi 2
Amin Salehi 3
Hooshang Farajee 3
Pravin Rostampour 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
4 Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
To promote sustainable agriculture and optimize crop yield, the use of organic materials and biofertilizers is increasingly recommended as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, which are associated with adverse environmental impacts and reliance on non-renewable resources. Ecological cultivation of medicinal plants such as Borago officinalis ensures product quality and sustainability. Moreover, organic and biological fertilizers improve soil fertility and crop performance, making them particularly suitable for medicinal plant production systems.
Materials and Methods
To investigate the effects of ecological nutritional inputs on selected traits of Borago officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted during 2018–2019 in Fahlian, Noorabad, Fars Province, Iran. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three levels of compost fertilizer (rice straw + sheep manure: 0, 5, and 10 t ha⁻¹) and four levels of biological fertilizers (control, Funneliformis mosseae mycorrhiza, Bacillus subtilis, and a combined application of mycorrhiza and bacteria). Measured traits included nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Fe, and Zn), phytochemical characteristics (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity), and flower yield.
Results and Discussion
Compost and biological fertilizers showed significant main effects on all measured traits. Although the interaction between compost and biofertilizer treatments was not significant for iron and zinc concentrations, total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, it was significant for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, anthocyanin content, and flower yield. Increasing compost application from 0 to 10 t ha⁻¹ resulted in substantial increases in iron and zinc concentrations, total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Among biofertilizer treatments, the combined application of mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus subtilis produced the highest values for these traits. The greatest improvements in nitrogen (1.54%), phosphorus (0.46%), potassium (2.50%), anthocyanin content (0.49 mg g⁻¹ flower dry weight), and flower yield (65.6 g m⁻²) were observed with the combined application of 10 t ha⁻¹ compost and both microbial inoculants. In contrast, the lowest values for nitrogen (1.09%), phosphorus (0.09%), potassium (1.03%), anthocyanin content (0.07 mg g⁻¹ flower dry weight), and flower yield (21.8 g m⁻²) occurred in the control treatment without compost and biofertilizers.
Conclusion
Effective fertilizer management is critical for optimizing both yield and quality in medicinal plants such as European borage. The results demonstrate that integrating compost at 10 t ha⁻¹ with biological fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi plus Bacillus subtilis) significantly enhances nutrient uptake, phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and flower yield. This integrated strategy promotes gradual and sustained nutrient release while reducing nutrient losses through leaching, thereby supporting optimal plant growth and productivity. The highest flower yield (65.6 g m⁻²) obtained under this treatment highlights its compatibility with sustainable agriculture and medicinal plant cultivation. Given the negative impacts associated with chemical fertilizers and the clear benefits of organic and biological amendments, their application is strongly recommended for the cultivation of Borago officinalis.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Compost
Growth-promoting bacteria
Mycorrhiza
Phenol content
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