تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

بررسی تولید کلزای پاییزه تحت تیمارهای آبیاری و ارقام مختلف کلزا: مطالعۀ شبیه‌سازی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - مدل سازی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
چکیده
کلزا به دلیل داشتن روغن خوراکی با کیفیت، جایگاه ویژه‌ای در تولید روغن مورد نیاز کشور دارد. با این حال مشکلات مربوط به تخصیص آب در اواخر دورۀ رشد کلزای پاییزه به محصولات بهاره، یکی از موانع تولید بهینه این محصول در کشور شده است. بنابراین، تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی مناسب‌ترین رقم و بهترین مرحلة رشدی کلزا برای قطع آبیاری در چهار شهرستان خرم‌آباد، پلدختر، کوهدشت و الشتر استان لرستان انجام شد. این پژوهش به صورت آزمایش بلندمدت شبیه‌سازی و با به‌کارگیری مدل شبیه‌سازی APSIM-canola در دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان صورت پذیرفت. به این منظور در گام اول مدل مورد نظر با استفاده از دو سری دادة مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ارقام مورد بررسی در این پژوهش شامل رقم‌های Hyola308، Hyola401 و RGS003 و تیمارهای آبی شامل آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ گلدهی، قطع آبیاری در مرحلۀ غلاف‌‌دهی و قطع آبیاری در مرحلة پر شدن دانه بودند. پس از اعمال تیمارهای پژوهش، عملکرد دانه و مادة خشک کلزا مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی مدل نشان داد که این مدل با مقدار خطای برآورد 18 درصد توانایی شبیه‏سازی عملکرد دانه کلزای پاییزه را دارد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی‌ها نشان داد که عملکرد دانه و مادۀ خشک کلزای پاییزه در بین مناطق مورد بررسی، تیمارهای مختلف قطع آبیاری و ارقام مورد بررسی تغییر‌پذیری قابل‌توجهی داشت. نتایج به-دست آمده نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین مقدار میانگین عملکرد دانه کلزای پاییزه به‌ترتیب در شهرستان‏های خرم آباد (4/94 تن در هکتار)و الشتر (1/96 تن در هکتار) بود. بررسی مقدار  مادة خشک تولید شده نیز نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین مقدار ماده خشک در بین مناطق مورد بررسی به ترتیب به شهرستان‌های خرم آباد و الشتر (به ترتیب 17/80 و 8/89 تن در هکتار) تعلق داشت. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که تفاوت شرایط دمایی مناطق مورد بررسی اهمیت بالایی در اختلاف عملکرد و تولید مناطق مورد بررسی داشت و همچنین تأثیر بسزایی در انتخاب شیوه‌های مدیریتی مانند انتخاب رقم و تیمار آبیاری داشت. بر این اساس، استفاده از رقم میان رس Hyola401 در شهرستان‌های پلدختر، خرم‌آباد و کوهدشت و آبیاری کامل تا انتهای فصل رشد به‌ترتیب با 5/38، 5/36 و 4/94 تن در هکتار منجر به بیشترین عملکرد دانه شد، در حالی که در شهرستان الشتر (با شرایط دمایی خنک‌تر) استفاده از رقم زودرس Hyola308 و عدم آبیاری تا انتهای فصل رشد منجر به بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه (2/64 تن در هکتار) در این منطقه شد. این نتایج نشان داد که در زراعت کلزای پاییزه توجه به شرایط اقلیمی منطقه (به ویژه دمای هوا) و در دسترس بودن منابع آبی می‌تواند تأثیر بسزایی در نوع رقم کشت شده داشته باشد. در واقع در شرایط محدودیت آبی، کشت ارقام زودرس و میان‌رس با توجه به شدت محدودیت می‌تواند راهکاری مناسب برای کاهش اثرات کم آبی و کمک به پایداری تولید هر منطقه باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of withholding irrigation on different canola cultivars under autumn cultivation conditions: a simulation study

نویسندگان English

Mozhgan Sadeghi 1
Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam 2
Esmaeil Mohammadi-Ahmadmahmoudi 3
Khosro Azizi 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Ph.D. Graduate, Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Canola is a crucial industrial crops in the country's oil production in order to produce high-quality edible oil. However, the challenges related to water allocation to the spring crops at the end of the autumn canola growth period have become one of the obstacles to achieving optimal production levels for this crop. Addressing this challenge is essential for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of rapeseed farming in the country. Due to the high cost and time-intensive nature of field experiments, calibrated crop models are widely used as efficient alternatives. In this regard, simulating different irrigation management scenarios for canola yield is a practical and effective approach.
Materials and Methods
This research aimed to evaluation the effect of withholding irrigation treatments on different growth stages of autumn canola production. It also seeks to identify the suitable canola cultivar and the optimal growth stage for implementing withholding irrigation through a long-term simulation experiment using the APSIM-canola simulation model. It was carried out in four counties of Lorestan province including Khorramabad, Pol-e Dokhtar, Kuhdasht and Aleshtar in Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. For this purpose, in the first step, the model was evaluated using two independent data sets. The cultivars included Hyola308, Hyola401 and RGS003 (early, mid and late maturity cultivars, respectively), and the irrigation treatments of the study included full irrigation, withholding irrigation at the flowering stage, withholding irrigation at the pod initiation stage, and withholding irrigation at the grain filling stage.
Results and Discussion
The evaluation of the APSIM-canola simulation model demonstrated that this model has a good capability to accurately predict autumn canola grain yield evidenced by an estimation error (nRMSE) of 18%. The results showed that the variability of the autumn canola grain yield across all of the studied locations, different treatments of withholding irrigation and cultivars was significant. Notably, the highest yield was recorded at 4.49 t ha-1 in Khorramabad, while the lowest was 1.96 t ha-1 in Aleshtar. Furthermore, the analysis of dry matter production indicated a considerable variability across different locations and treatments in a way that the highest and lowest amount of dry matter between location belonged to Khorramabad and Aleshtar (17.80 and 8.89 t ha-1, respectively). The research findings highlighted the crucial role of climatic conditions, particularly air temperature, in informing management practices such as cultivar selection and irrigation strategies. Based on this, the use of Hyola401 mid maturity cultivar in Pol-e Dokhtar, Khorramabad and Kuhdasht counties along with full irrigation throughout the growing season resulted in the highest grain yields of 5.38, 5.36, and 4.49 t ha-1, respectively. It was while in Aleshtar (with cooler temperature condition compared to other locations) employing the early maturity cultivar of Hyola308 coupled with withholding of irrigation before the end of the growing season led to the highest amount of grain yield (2.64 t ha-1) in this region.
Conclusion
The findings of this research indicate that in the cultivation of autumn canola, it is crucial to consider climatic factors, particularly air temperature, as well as the accessibility of water resources when selecting the appropriate cultivar. Specifically, under conditions where water availability is restricted, opting for early-maturing and mid-maturing cultivars can serve as an effective strategy. This approach not only mitigates the adverse impacts of water scarcity but also contributes to the sustainable production of canola in various regions. By aligning cultivar selection with the specific climatic and water conditions of an area, farmers can enhance crop resilience and ensure a more stable yield, ultimately supporting the agricultural sustainability of their communities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

APSIM model
Evapotranspiration
Length of the growing season
Seed yield
Water limitation
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