تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

ارزیابی سودمندی‌ کشت مخلوط گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L) و سویا (.Glycine max L)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ، اردبیل، ایران
2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
5 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
امروزه نظام‌های کشاورزی برای حفظ امنیت غذایی، حفظ محیط زیست و جبران هزینه‌های رو به افزایش تولید بر ضرورت تجدید نظر و استفاده از شیوه‌های جدید مدیریتی تولید محصول تأکید دارند. سویا و گل جعفری اهمیت و ارزش غذایی و دارویی بالایی دارند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط گیاه سویا و گل‌ جعفری و سطوح مختلف وجین دستی در سال زراعی 1401 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در استان اردبیل، شهرستان پارس‌آباد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل نسبت‌های مختلف سویا و گل جعفری در کشت مخلوط (صفر - 100، 25-75، 50-50، 75-25 و 100- صفر) و وجین دستی علف‌های‌هرز (وجین دستی کامل و عدم وجین دستی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین و ارزش نسبی (1/27 و 1/01) در کشت مخلوط 75-25 (سویا-گل جعفری) مشاهده شد. کمترین زیست‌توده علف‌های‌هرز در مرحلة سبز شدن  از 75-25 (سویا-گل جعفری) و کشت خالص سویا در وجین دستی، گلدهی سویا از کشت خالص سویا و گل جعفری در عدم وجین دستی، غلاف‌دهی سویا ازکشت خالص سویا و گل جعفری و کشت مخلوط 25-75  (گل جعفری-سویا) در وجین دستی و برداشت محصول سویا ازکشت خالص سویا و گل جعفری در وجین دستی به‌دست آمد. عملکرد جزئی سویا  و گل جعفری در کشت‌های مخلوط 75-25 (سویا-گل جعفری) و 25-75  (گل جعفری-سویا) بیشترین مقدار را داشت. مجموع ارزش نسبی سیستم  بیانگر بالا بودن درآمد خالص کشت سویا در برابر گل جعفری بود. عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سویا شامل تعداد غلاف در بوته، مجموع تعداد دانه در بوته، میانگین وزن غلاف با دانه در تک بوته، وزن دانه در غلاف و وزن صد دانه سویا از کشت مخلوط 75-25 و 50-50 (سویا-گل جعفری) در وجین دستی حاصل شد. همچنین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گل جعفری شامل وزن تر و خشک کل بوته، تعداد گل در بوته، ارتفاع بوته در کشت خالص گل جعفری و  25-75 (سویا-گل جعفری) مشاهده شد. سویا به عنوان گیاهی غالب در کشت‌های مخلوط با گل جعفری شناخته شد که از سودمندی‌های کشت مخلوط بیشترین بهرمندی را داشت. گل جعفری علیرغم سهم ردیف‌های کاشت بالا در کشت خالص توان رقابتی اندکی در شرایط عدم وجین دستی داشت. وجین دستی علف‌های‌هرز در مقایسه با عدم وجین دستی اثر قابل توجهی بر عملکرد هر دو گونه گیاهی داشت. این مطالعه بر ضرورت انتخاب گونه گیاهی مناسب در کشت مخلوط با سویا به جهت بهرمندی کارآمد هر دو گونة گیاهی تأکید دارد.  
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of the benefit of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping

نویسندگان English

Ramin Gholparast 1
Ali Ebadi 2
Fatemeh Ahmadnia 3
Mohammad Hasanzadeh 4
Soudabeh Jahanbakhsh Godeh Kahriz 5
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Ph.D. Graduate, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Moghan), University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Modern agricultural systems are increasingly focused on reducing chemical inputs and adopting alternative management strategies to minimize environmental harm caused by excessive chemical use. This includes controlling weeds, preserving soil fertility, and mitigating rising production costs by implementing sustainable crop production methods. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a highly nutritious crop, and sustainable practices in its cultivation are vital to ensuring food security. Intercropping soybeans with allelopathic plants such as marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) offers a promising strategy to enhance productivity and sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intercropping soybeans and marigold on weed suppression and the yield of both crops.
Material and Methods
An experiment was conducted in Pars-Abad, Ardabil, in 2022 to evaluate the effects of intercropping soybean and marigold under different weeding conditions. The study was laid out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was the intercropping ratio of soybean and marigold consisting of five treatments: 100% soybean (0-100), 75% soybean + 25% marigold (75-25), 50% soybean + 50% marigold (50-50), 25% soybean + 75% marigold (25-75), and 100% marigold (0-100). The second factor was weeding treatment, including two levels: complete hand-weeding and non-hand weeding. Marigold seeds were obtained from the Ardabil Municipality Green Space Research Center. Seedlings were prepared in planting trays on March 30, 2022, using a soil mixture composed of 20% animal manure, 20% sand, and 60% fertile soil. In the field, marigolds were planted with a spacing of 40×40 cm between and within rows. Experimental plots measured 8×4 meters. Additionally, L17 soybean seeds were provided by the Moghan Agriculture and Industry Research Center. Soybeans were sown at a rate of 40 kg ha-1, with row spacing set at 40×5 cm.
Results and Discussion
The results of the experiment indicated that the 75-25 (soybean – marigold) intercropping system was the most favorable treatment in terms of ecological indicators, including the Land Equality Ratio (LER), and Relative Value Total (RVT). Regarding weed suppression, the lowest weed biomass during the vegetative growth stage was recorded in the 75-25 (soybean-marigold) intercropping system and the hand-weeded soybean monoculture. At the flowering stage of soybean, the lowest weed biomass occurred in the monoculture of soybean and marigold, as well as in the 25-75 (marigold -soybeans) intercropping under hand-weeding conditions. At the final yield stage, the lowest weed biomass was again noted in the hand-weeded monocultures of soybean and marigold. The 75 -25 (soybean – marigold) intercropping treatment also resulted in the highest soybean yield and yield components, including the number of pods per plant, total number of seeds per plant, average pod weight with seeds per plant, seed weight per pod, and the 100-seed weight. For marigold, the highest yield and yield component, specifically the number of flowers per plant were observed in the marigold monoculture and the 25-75 (soybean–marigold) intercropping treatment.
Conclusion
 Soybeans emerged as the dominant species in the intercropping system with marigold, benefiting the most from the interspecific association. In contrast, marigold exhibited limited competitive ability under non-weeded conditions, despite typically being cultivated at high densities in monoculture. The results also revealed that hand-weeding significantly improved the yields of both species compared to non-weeded treatments. Overall, the study underscores the importance of selecting compatible and complementary plant species for intercropping with soybean to optimize productivity and ecological advantages for both crops.
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کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hand-weeding
Intercropping
Land Equality Ratio
Weeds
Yield
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