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تأثیر هیومیک اسید و عصاره جلبک دریایی بر برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در دو مکان استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری زراعت، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 پسا دکترا ژنتیک مولکولی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

5 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

6 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

7 کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

کینوا به جهت میزان پروتئین بالا، تعادل اسید آمینه‌های ضروری مانند لیزین و تریپتوفان، گیاهی با ارزش غذایی فراوان است که می‌تواند یک جایگزین مناسب برای برنج باشد، لذا توسعه و کشت این محصول بسیار حائز اهمیت است. از آنجایی‌که کشور ما در منطقۀ خشک و نیمه خشک قرار دارد و میزان تبخیر و تعرق بیشتر از میزان بارندگی می‌باشد، محصولات کاشته شده به‌خصوص در آخر فصل دچار تنش خشکی می‌شوند، لذا کاربرد کودهای طبیعی از جمله عصاره جلبک دریایی و هیومیک اسید می‌توانند در تعدیل اثر تنش مناسب باشند. این آزمایش به‌منظور ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی کینوا در شرایط قطع آبیاری در دو مکان با اقلیم گرم (قصرشیرین) و اقلیم سرد (دالاهو) در استان کرمانشاه به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 98-1397 اجرا گردید. کرت‌های اصلی تیمار آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در ابتدای گلدهی و نیز شروع دانه‌بندی) و کرت‌های فرعی محلول‌پاشی در پنج سطح شامل عصاره جلبک دریایی در دو سطح (2/5 گرم در لیتر و 3/57 گرم در لیتر)، هیومیک اسید در دو سطح (3/75 گرم در لیتر و 5 گرم در لیتر) به همراه یک تیمار شاهد (محلول‌‌پاشی با آب خالص) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که قطع آبیاری موجب کاهش غلظت رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کاروتنوئید، میزان پروتئین و محتوای نسبی آب برگ گیاه کینوا در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل گردید. همچنین در شرایط تنش، محتوای پرولین و نشت الکترولیت مواد از غشای سلولی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و پراکسیداز افزایش یافت. کاربرد عصارۀ جلبک دریایی و هیومیک اسید موجب کاهش اثر قطع آبیاری شد، به‌طوری که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (1/760 میلی‌گرم بر گرم)، کلروفیل b (0/989 میلی‌گرم بر گرم)، کاروتنوئید (0/291 میلی‌گرم بر گرم)، پروتئین (1/40 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ در محلول‌پاشی3/75 گرم در لیتر عصارۀ جلبک دریایی به‌دست آمد. اثرات قطع آبیاری در مکان گرمسیر قصرشیرین بیشتر بود و بیشترین تأثیر تنش خشکی در مرحلۀ قطع آبیاری در ابتدای گلدهی مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی این یافته‌‌ها نشان داد که محلول‌‌پاشی با عصارۀ جلبک دریایی و اسید هیومیک می‌‌تواند به‌‌عنوان یک راهبرد کارآمد و سازگار با محیط زیست برای کاهش اثرات نامطلوب قطع آبیاری بر گیاه کینوا استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of humic acid and seaweed extract application on some biochemical traits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under irrigation cut-off in two locations of Kermanshah province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghobad Mohamadpoor 1
  • Salim Farzaneh 2
  • Saeed khomari 3
  • Seyedeh Yalda Raeisi Sadati 4
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 5
  • Behrooz Esmaielpour 6
  • kianoosh Azarshab 7

1 Ph.D. of Agronomy, Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Post-doctorate in Molecular Genetics, Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

5 Professor, Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

6 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

7 Master of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Jihad University Higher Education Institute, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly nutritious crop with a well-balanced amino acid profile, including lysine and tryptophan, making it a suitable alternative to rice. Given its nutritional value, expanding quinoa cultivation is crucial. However, since Iran is located in an arid and semi-arid region with high evaporation rates exceeding annual rainfall, crops frequently experience drought stress, particularly at the end of the growing season. The application of natural fertilizers such as seaweed extract and humic acid may help mitigate the effects of drought stress.
Materials and Methods
This study aimed to assess the impact of irrigation cut-off on biochemical traits of quinoa in two contrasting climates: Qasr-e-Shirin (hot) and Dalaho (cold) in Kermanshah province. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the 2018-2018 cropping season. The main plots included three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, irrigation cut-off at the beginning of flowering, and irrigation cut-off at the beginning of seed formation). The sub-plots consisted of five foliar spray treatments: seaweed extract at two concentrations (2.5 g l-1 and 3.57 g l-1), humic acid at two concentrations (3.75 g l-1 and 5 g l-1), and a control treatment (pure water spray). The quinoa seed used in this study was the Titicaca variety. The first foliar spray was applied when the plant height was about 20 cm, and the second foliar spray was applied 10 days later. Irrigation of plants in the control and irrigation cut-off treatments was carried out after 50% of the usable soil moisture was drained before irrigation cut-off was applied.
 Results and Discussion
The results showed that irrigation cut-off significantly reduced the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), protein content, and relative water content in quinoa leaves compared to full irrigation. Under drought stress, proline accumulation, electrolyte leakage from cell membranes, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) increased. The results showed that the application of seaweed extract and humic acid alleviated the negative effects of irrigation cut-off. The highest levels of chlorophyll a (1.760 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (0.989 mg g-1), carotenoid (0.291 mg g-1), protein content (1.40 mg g-1), and relative water content were observed with the foliar application of 3.75 g l-1 seaweed extract. The adverse effects of drought stress were more pronounced in Qasr-e-Shirin (hot climate), particularly when irrigation was interrupted at the flowering stage.
 Conclusions
The results showed that the effects of foliar application of seaweed extract and humic acid in modulating drought stress were much greater in plants that faced irrigation interruption at the beginning of the flowering period. However, foliar application of seaweed extract reduced the negative effects of drought stress more than humic acid. Overall, these findings suggest that foliar application of seaweed extract and humic acid is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of irrigation cut-off on quinoa. Quinoa production efficiency in the temperate region of Dalahu was much better than in the Qasr-e-Shirin region.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Biofertilizers
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Relative water content
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 48، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 105-123
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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