نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - کشت بافت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه سلولی و بیولوژی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه سلولی و بیولوژی مولکولی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni گیاه دارویی است که به صورت تجاری به عنوان شیرین کننده بدون کالری برای بیماران دیابتی استفاده می‏شود. بذرهای استویا کوچک و نابارور هستند و نرخ جوانه‏زنی نسبتاً پایینی دارند. همچنین گرده‌افشانی در این گیاه به صورت دگرگرده افشانی است که این امر با توجه به محتوای استویول گلیکوزیدها و ویژگی‏های مورفولوژیکی (شکل و رنگ برگ‏ها) باعث بروز تنوع بالا در جمعیت گیاهان حاصل از بذر می‏شود، به همین دلیل است که تکثیر این گیاه از طریق روش‏های غیر جنسی اهمیت پیدا می‏کند. از آنجا که ریزازدیادی، ضمن افزایش سرعت رشد و تکثیر گیاه، سبب حفظ ذخیره ژنتیکی می‏شود و امکان ایجاد یک جمعیت ژنتیکی همگن با بازده بالایی از استویول‏ گلیکوزیدها را فراهم می‏کند، می‏تواند روش مناسبی برای تکثیر این گیاه و حفظ یکنواختی باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف دست‏یابی به روشی بهینه برای ریزازدیادی گیاه Stevia rebaudiana و بررسی اثر تنظیم کننده‏های مختلف رشدی بر این گیاه، در سال 1402 در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده علوم و فناوری زیستی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی انجام شد. در این پژوهش درصد جوانه‏زنی بذرها در چهار و هشت روز پس از کشت در محیط کشت MS محاسبه شد. شاخه‌زایی با سه نوع ترکیب هورمونی KIN، GA3 و BAP ارزیابی شد و پس از شاخه‏زایی، ریشه‏زایی ریزشاخه‌ها، تحت سه نوع ترکیب اکسینی شامل NAA، IAA و IBA مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. سازگاری نمونه‏ها پس از ریشه‏زایی نیز انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان جوانه‏زنی بذرها 33/38 درصد بود و بیشترین تعداد برگ و تعداد ریزشاخه مربوط به تیمار 5/0 میلی‏گرم در لیتر BAP و 2 میلی‎گرم در لیتر KIN بود. بیشترین وزن تر (g29/437) و طول ریزنمونه ( cm38/15) در تیمار 5/1 میلی‏گرم در لیتر GA3 و 2 میلی‏گرم در لیتر KIN بدست آمد. بین صفات تعداد برگ و طول ریزنمونه (**61/0-)، تعداد برگ و وزن تر (**46/0-)، تعداد ریزشاخه و طول ریزنمونه (**81/0-) و تعداد ریزشاخه و وزن تر (**69/0-) در سطح احتمال یک درصد ارتباط منفی و معنی‏داری وجود داشت. بین صفات تعداد برگ و تعداد ریزشاخه (**95/0) و طول ریزنمونه و وزن تر (**98/0) ارتباط مثبت و معنی‏داری وجود داشت. بیشترین طول ریشه مربوط به تیمار 5/0 میلی‏گرم در لیتر NAA و بیشترین تعداد ریشه مربوط به تیمار 1 میلی‏گرم در لیتر IBA بود. پروتکل معرفی شده برای ریزازدیادی گیاه استویا در این پژوهش (تیمار 5/0 میلی‏گرم در لیتر BAP و 2 میلی‏گرم در لیتر KIN برای شاخه‏زایی و تیمار 5/0 میلی‏گرم در لیتر NAA برای ریشه‏زایی) در مقایسه با سایر پروتکل‏های ریزازدیادی، در زمان کوتاه‏تر با میزان و تنوع هورمونی کمتر، عملکرد بهتری را به همراه داشت که می‏تواند به عنوان یک پروتکل اقتصادی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of phytohormone concentration and composition on the micropropagation efficiency of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Amini Neisiani 1
  • Abbas Saidi 2
  • Masoud Tohidfar 2

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a medicinal plant commercially used as a non-caloric sweetener for diabetic patients. Stevia seeds are small and infertile, and exhibit a relatively low germination rate. Moreover, given the steviol glycoside content and morphological characteristics (such as leaf shape and color), cross-pollination in this plant, leads to a great deal of diversity among the plants grown from the seeds. Consequently, asexual propagation methods are vital for the effective cultivation of this plant. Micropropagation not only enhances growth and reproduction rates, it also preserves genetic resources. Furthermore, it allows for the creation of a genetically homogeneous population with high yields of steviol glycosides, which makes it a suitable method for the propagation of Stevia. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of various growth regulators on this plant, presenting an efficient protocol for commercial cultivation.
Materials and Methods
Stevia seed germination rates were calculated on MS medium at four and eight days post-sowing. Shoot induction was examined using combinations of kinetin (KIN), gibberellic acid (GA3), and benzylaminopurine (BAP). Subsequently, rooting experiments were conducted with three auxin hormones: naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The acclimatization of the samples was conducted following successful rooting.
Results and Discussion
The germination rate of Stevia seeds was found to be 33.38%. The best shoot proliferation was achieved with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L KIN, producing the highest number of leaves and lateral branches. Optimal fresh weight (437.29 g) and shoot length (15.38 cm) were obtained in the treatment with 1.5 mg/L GA3 and 2 mg/L KIN. Significant negative correlations were observed at the 1% probability level between leaf number and shoot length (-0.61**), leaf number and fresh weight (-0.46**), lateral branch number and shoot length (-0.81**), and lateral branch number and fresh weight (-0.69**). Significant positive correlations were found between leaf and lateral branch numbers (0.95**) and between shoot length and fresh weight (0.98**). The longest root was observed in the treatment with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and the highest number of roots was found in the treatment with 1 mg/L IBA. The study reveal the effectiveness of specific combinations of growth regulators for the micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana. The findings indicate that the hormonal treatments significantly affect various growth parameters, including leaf number, shoot length, fresh weight, and root development. The negative correlations between some traits suggest that optimizing one growth parameter might compromise. The positive correlations between other traits, such as  leaf and lateral branch number, suggest that some growth attributes can be simultaneously enhanced.
Conclusion
The optimized protocol for the micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana (0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L KIN for shoot proliferation, and 0.5 mg/L NAA for root induction) demonstrated efficient and economical performance using fewer and less diverse hormones compared to existing micropropagation protocols. Therefore, it can be considered an optimum protocol for the propagation of Stevia, potentially benefiting commercial cultivation and research applications.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth regulators
  • Gibberellic acid
  • Kinetin
  • Stevia
  • Tissue culture
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