تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

اثر محلول‌پاشی برگی گلوتامیک‌اسید، آسپارتیک‌اسید و نیکوتینیک‌اسید بر رشد، عملکرد و ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی شنبلیله (.Trigonella foenum-graecum L)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - سبزی و صیفی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
چکیده
محرک‌های زیستی، مانند اسیدهای آمینه و ترکیبات نیتروژن‌دار، در فرآیندهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیک گیاهان نقش حیاتی دارند. این مولکول‌ها به عنوان پیش‌سازها و مواد اولیه برای تولید سایر ترکیبات ضروری عمل می‌کنند و برای رشد و توسعۀ بهینۀ گیاهان ضروری هستند. مطالعۀ حاضر در سال 1402، با هدف بررسی اثر محرک‌های زیستی حاوی نیتروژن بر رشد، عملکرد و ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی شنبلیله، در گلخانۀ‌ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل شاهد (محلول‌‌پاشی با آب مقطر) و محلول‌‌پاشی آسپارتیک‌اسید، گلوتامیک‌اسید و نیکوتینیک‌اسید هرکدام در سه سطح (75، 150 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. اولین مرحله محلول‌پاشی گیاهان در مرحلۀ چهار تا شش برگی و محلول‌پاشی‌های بعدی هر 14 روز یکبار (در مجموع چهار مرتبه) صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید در غلظت 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به‌طور معنی‌داری سبب افزایش ارتفاع بوته شد. تیمار هر سه محرک‌ زیستی در غلظت‌های 150 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار سطح برگ و وزن تر ریشه گردید. کاربرد نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید نیز افزایش معنی‌دار وزن تر بوته را به همراه داشت. با این حال اثر مثبت نیکوتینیک‌اسید بر وزن تر بوته بیشتر از آسپارتیک‌اسید بود. تیمار نیکوتینیک‌اسید در هر سه سطح موجب افزایش وزن خشک گیاه شد. محلول‌‌پاشی گلوتامیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید نیز در غلظت‌های 150 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر منجر به افزایش وزن خشک بوته گردید، اما وزن خشک ریشه تنها در غلظت‌های 150 و 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید و غلظت 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک‌اسید افزایش یافت. محلول‌‌پاشی هر سه ترکیب گلوتامیک‌اسید، نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید افزایش معنی‌دار کلروفیل آ، کلروفیل ب و کلروفیل کل را به همراه داشت. با این حال، بیشترین اثر مثبت بر مقدار کلروفیل مربوط به کاربرد آسپارتیک‌اسید بود. میزان کاروتنوئید نیز با کاربرد نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید افزایش معنی‌داری در مقایسه با شاهد نشان داد، در حالی‌که محلول‌‌پاشی گلوتامیک‌اسید تنها در بالاترین غلظت منجر به افزایش کاروتنویید شد. میزان فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه‌ای، غلظت دی اکسید کربن زیر اتاقک روزنه و نیتروژن کل نیز با محلول‌‌پاشی هر سه ترکیب گلوتامیک‌اسید، نیکوتینیک‌اسید و آسپارتیک‌اسید به صورت معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. در مجموع و بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد محرک‌های زیستی نیکوتینیک اسید و آسپارتیک اسید به‌ویژه در غلظت 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را در بهبود رشد، عملکرد و صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک شنبلیله داشته و به عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای افزایش کارایی تولید این گیاه توصیه می‌شود. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of foliar application of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and nicotinic acid on growth, yield, and morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

نویسندگان English

Sepideh Dalvand 1
Hasan Mumivand 2
Bahman Zahedi 3
Abdollah Ehtesham Nia 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important annual leguminous plant widely distributed across Asia and Southern Europe. Valued for its nutritional benefits, the leaves are commonly consumed as a leafy vegetable, owing to their rich composition of choline, proteins, essential minerals, and vitamins. Beyond its dietary use, fenugreek leaves and seeds have demonstrated potent therapeutic potential, notably in blood detoxification. Numerous studies have documented its diverse pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and lipid-lowering effects. Biostimulants, particularly amino acids and nitrogenous compounds, play a vital role in plant biochemical and physiological processes, acting as precursors for vital metabolites and regulators of cellular function. Their application can enhance plant growth, yield, and resilience to environmental stresses by optimizing nitrogen nutrition and amino acid management. Foliar application of these compounds is known to promote plant energy allocation toward growth and improved quality.
 Materials and Methods
This study investigated the effects of amino acid and nitrogen-containing biostimulants on fenugreek grown at Lorestan University. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and three replications. Treatments included a control (distilled water) and foliar applications of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and nicotinic acid, each at 75, 150, and 300 mg l-1. The first foliar application was at the 4-6 leaf stage, with three subsequent applications at 14- day intervals (for a total of 4 applications). At the flowering stage, a comprehensive set of morphological parameters was recorded, including plant height, lateral branch length and number, number of nodes, crown diameter, internode length, and leaf area. Additionally, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots were quantified. Concurrently, key physiological and biochemical traits were assessed, encompassing chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid levels, net photosynthetic rate, intracellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total nitrogen content.
Results and Discussion
Foliar application of nicotinic acid and aspartic acid at 300 mg l-1 significantly increased plant height. All three biostimulants at 150 and 300 mg l-1 significantly enhanced leaf area and root fresh weight compared to the control. Nicotinic acid and aspartic acid also notably increased plant fresh weight, with nicotinic acid showing the greatest effect. Dry weight increased significantly with nicotinic acid at all concentrations and with glutamic and aspartic acid at 150 and 300 mg l-1. Root dry weight increased with nicotinic acid and aspartic acid at 150 and 300 mg l-1 and with glutamic acid at 300 mg l-1. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were significantly increased by all three compounds, with the most pronounced effects observed for aspartic acid. Carotenoid content rose significantly with nicotinic acid and aspartic acid treatments and with glutamic acid at the highest concentration. Additionally, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and total nitrogen content were significantly improved across all biostimulant treatments.
 Conclusion
Foliar application of biostimulants, particularly nicotinic acid and aspartic acid at 300 mg l-1 markedly improved growth, yield, and key morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes in fenugreek. These findings support the use of amino acid-based biostimulants for enhancing performance and stress resilience in fenugreek cultivation. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biostimulant
Chlorophyll content
Gas exchange
Photosynthesis rate
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