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تاثیر محلول‌پاشی 24-اپی‌براسینولید بر سامانه دفاع آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی و عملکرد دانه لوبیا چیتی (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) تحت تنش کم‌آبیاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی-فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

5 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی-فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) از مهم‌ترین حبوبات است که به‌دلیل محتوای بالای پروتئین و فواید تغذیه‌ای خود در سطح جهانی و به‌ویژه در ایران ارزش زیادی دارد. در سال‌های اخیر، افزایش تقاضای جهانی برای غذاهای غنی از پروتئین، اهمیت کشت لوبیا را بیشتر کرده است. با این حال، بحران کمبود آب به‌عنوان یک چالش جدی برای تولید غذا و امنیت غذایی در سطح جهانی مطرح است. این مشکل به‌خصوص در ایران که در ناحیه بیابانی قرار دارد و میزان بارش آن کمتر از یک‌سوم میانگین جهانی است، حادتر است. در این شرایط، استفاده از روش‌های نوین کشاورزی می‌تواند به بهبود عملکرد محصولات کمک کند. براسینواستروئیدها به‌عنوان تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی، با بهبود فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان، می‌توانند مقاومت آن‌ها را در برابر تنش‌های محیطی افزایش دهند. به‌منظور بررسی برخی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و امکان افزایش عملکرد دانه در لوبیا چیتی، پژوهشی با استفاده از 24-اپی‌براسینولید تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی انجام شد. این تحقیق به‌صورت کرت‌های یکبار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401، در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شرق شیراز انجام شد. در این تحقیق، رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح: آبیاری کامل (100 درصد نیاز رطوبتی) و تنش کم‌آبی در سطوح 80 و 60 درصد نیاز رطوبتی به عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار غلظت 24-اپی‌براسینولید (شامل شاهد با آب مقطر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد.نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی و محلول‌پاشی 24-اپی‌براسینولید تأثیر معنی‌داری بر تمامی صفات داشتند. کاربرد 24-اپی‌براسینولید با غلظت 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر موجب افزایش شاخص کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ‌ها به ترتیب به میزان 42/7 درصد و 77/11درصدنسبت به تیمار شاهد (بدون کاربرد هورمون) شد. با معنی‌داری برهمکنش رژیم ‌آبیاری و محلولپاشی هورمون، در سطوح 60 و 80 درصد نیاز آبی، کاربرد 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر 24-اپی‌براسینولید آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 172، 105، 35/0 و 131، 115 و 45/0 درصد افزایش داد. در همین راستا کاربرد بالاترین سطح هورمون در سطوح 100، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی به ترتیب موجب افزایش 38/72، 02/56 و 35/44 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. بنابراین کاربرد 24-اپی‌براسینولید (به میزان 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) به جهت کاهش رادیکال‌های آزاد اکسیژن و جلوگیری از آسیب دیواره سلولی و تخریب درشت مولکول‌ها، به‌عنوان راهکاری برای افزایش عملکرد دانه لوبیا تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش کم‌آبیاری (60 و 80 درصد نیاز آبی) پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of 24-Epibrassinolide foliar application on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system and yield of pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto) under Low irrigation stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sulmaz Samfar 1
  • Hojatolah Latifmanesh 2
  • Ali Moradi 3
  • Amin Mirshekari 4
  • Hamid Alahdadi 5

1 M.Sc. Student in Agrotechnology-Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

5 M.Sc. Graduate in Agrotechnology-Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are among the most valuable and strategic legumes globally and in Iran, primarily due to their high protein content and nutritional benefits. Growing global demand for protein-rich foods highlights the importance of enhancing bean production. However, water scarcity, exacerbated by Iran's location along the global desert belt and receiving less than one-third of the global average rainfall, poses significant challenges to sustainable agriculture and food security.  Brassinosteroids, a class of plant growth regulators, have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate environmental stresses like drought while improving crop growth and yield. This study aims to evaluate the effects of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide hormone on various physiological traits, enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms, and gain yield of pinto beans under low irrigation stress.
 Materials and Methods
A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season on a farm in eastern Shiraz, using a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation regime was applied at three levels: full irrigation (100% of the moisture requirement) and low irrigation stress (80% and 60% of the moisture requirement), as the main factor. Four concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide, including control (distilled water), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L were applied as the subplot factor. The experiment aimed to assess physiological traits such as chlorophyll index, relative water content, antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), grain yield under different irrigation and hormone treatments.
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that both low irrigation stress and 24-epibrassinolide application significantly influenced all measured traits. Foliar application of 0.2 mg/L 24-epibrassinolide increased the chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content by 7.42% and 11.77%, respectively, compared to the control. Significant interactions between irrigation regimes and hormone concentrations were observed. At 60% and 80% moisture levels, the 0.2 mg/L hormone treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activities as follows (compared to the control): catalase (172% (60%) and 131% (80%)), peroxidase (105% (60%) and 115% (80%)), and superoxide dismutase (0.35% (60%) and 0.45% (80%). Similarly, seed yield improved significantly with 24-epibrassinolide application. Under 100%, 80%, and 60% irrigation levels, 0.2 mg/L application resulted in yield increases of 72.38%, 56.02%, and 44.35%, respectively, compared to the control.
Conclusion
The application of 24-epibrassinolide at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L effectively enhances the antioxidant defense system, reduces reactive oxygen species, prevents cell wall damage, and minimizes macromolecule degradation in pinto beans. These effects contribute to improved grain yield, under both full and low irrigation conditions. This approach offers a promising solution for mitigating water stress and promoting sustainable bean production in arid and semi-arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 24-epibrassinolide
  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Beans
  • Grain yield
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 543-560
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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