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نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

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فرم های نشریه

بررسی اثر کاربرد ترکیبات طبیعی در دورۀ قبل و پس از برداشت بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه سیب رقم گلدن دلیشز (Malus domestica cv. Golden Delicious)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

سبک زندگی سالم، امروزه در سطح جهانی با تقاضای بالایی مواجه شده و این تقاضا نیاز به حفظ یا ذخیره بهتر مواد خوراکی تازه مثل میوه­ ها را بخاطر داشتن مقادیر فراوان ویتامین و مواد معدنی افزایش داده است. از طرفی، افزایش ضایعات پس از برداشت موجب شده توسعۀ کاربرد ترکیبات طبیعی و سازگار با طبیعت و انسان، در جهت تولید محصولات عاری از مواد مضر و دارای ارزش غذایی بالا، همراه با کاهش ضایعات، امری ضروری به نظر برسد. به همین منظور، آزمایش حاضر به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی قبل و پس از برداشت شامل شاهد، محلول‌پاشی کیتوزان (50 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و نانوکیتوزان (50 و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و غوطه­ وری میوه­ های برداشت شده با محلول کلریدکلسیم در مرحلۀ پس از برداشت (صفر و 2 درصد) و فاکتور دوم شامل مدت زمان انبارمانی (روزهای صفر، 60، 90 و 120) بر میوه ­های سیب رقم گلدن پیوند شده روی پایه MM 111 بود. محلول‌پاشی قبل از برداشت در یک باغ سیب 18 ساله در سال 1400، واقع در منطقه آبستان شهرستان خرم آباد و  مرحلۀ غوطه­ وری در آزمایشگاه پس از برداشت صورت گرفت. میوه­ ها پس از شستشوی اولیه، ابتدا با آب مقطر شستشو، خشک و سپس در محلول­ کلرید کلسیم در دمای اتاق به مدت 8 دقیقه غوطه­ ور شدند. سپس در مجاورت جریان هوای خنک به منظور حصول اطمینان از حذف رطوبت سطحی اضافی، در جعبه های پلاستیکی میوه و یخچال دمای 4 درجه و رطوبت نسبی 80 تا 90 درصد تا زمان اندازه ­گیری پارامترها نگهداری شد. در این بررسی، ویژگی­ های بیوشیمیایی ازجمله کاهش وزن، اسیدیته، اسیدهای قابل تیتراسیون، مواد جامد محلول کل، شاخص رسیدگی، ویتامین ث و محتوای مالون دی آلدئید بررسی گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تیمارهای مورد استفاده، ویژگی­ های بررسی شده در میوه سیب را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند و کاهش وزن کم­تری نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشتند. بررسی ویژگی­ های بیوشیمیایی نیز بیانگر تأثیر مثبت تمام تیمارها بر پارامترهای مورد نظر بود، به طوری که بیش­ترین اسیدهای قابل تیتراسیون (0/31 درصد)، ویتامین ث (45 میلی‌گرم آسکوربیک اسید بر 100 میلی‌لیتر عصارۀ میوه) و کم­ترین میزان اسیدیته (3/54) و محتوای مالون دی آلدئید (0/27 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تازه) در تیمارهای ترکیبی نانوکیتوزان و کلرید کلسیم به دست آمد. همچنین تیمارهای مورد استفاده موجب کاهش مواد جامد محلول کل و شاخص رسیدگی میوه­ ها شدند. براساس نتایج کلی، می­توان بیان نمود که کاربرد تیمارهای نانوذرات کیتوزان 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر در مرحلۀ قبل از برداشت به همراه غوطه­ وری میوه­ ها در مرحلۀ پس از برداشت در محلول کلرید کلسیم 2 درصد، در اکثر ویژگی­ ها نتایج مطلوب­ تری نسبت به سایر سطوح تیماری نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of natural compounds before and post-harvest on the physicochemical characteristics of apple (Malus domestica cv. Golden Delicious) fruit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Eini Tari 1
  • Abdollah Ehtesham Nia 2
  • Hasan Mumivand 2
  • Mohamad Reza Raji 3

1 PhD student of Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The global demand for a healthy lifestyle has increased significantly in recent years. This growing awareness has highlighted the need for better preservation and storage of fresh produce, particularly fruits, due to their rich vitamin and mineral content. Additionally, the increase in post-harvest waste has underscored the importance of using natural, eco-friendly compounds to extend shelf life, minimize waste, and maintain high nutritional value without introducing harmful substances.
 Materials and Methods
This study was conducted as a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor included pre- and post-harvest foliar treatments, with control treatments (spraying with distilled water), chitosan (50 mg l-1), Nano-chitosan (50 and 100 mg l-1) and the post-harvest immersion (Calcium chloride solution (0 and 2 %)). The second factor was storage duration (0, 60, 90 and 120 days). The study was carried out on Golden Delicious apples grafted onto MM 111 (Malling Merton 111) rootstock. Pre-harvest foliar spraying was carried out in an 18-year-old apple orchard in Abestan region of Khorramabad, while post-harvest immersion treatments were carried out at Lorestan University. After harvesting, the apples were initially washed with distilled water, dried, and immersed in a calcium chloride solution at room temperature for 8 minutes. To remove excess surface moisture, the treated fruits were placed in plastic fruit boxes and stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C with 80-90% relative humidity until the evaluation period. The study examined physiological and biochemical characteristics such as weight loss, acidity, titratable acids, soluble solids, ripening index, vitamin C content, and malondialdehyde levels.
 Results and Discussion
The results of this study indicated that the applied treatments significantly affected the physicochemical characteristics of Golden Delicious apples. Treated fruits exhibited lower weight loss compared to the control group. Biochemical analyses further confirmed the beneficial effects of all treatments on the evaluated parameters. The highest level of titratable acids, vitamin C, along with the lowest acidity and malondialdehyde content, were observed in apples subjected to the combined treatment of nano chitosan and calcium chloride. Additionally, the treatments led to a reduction in soluble solids content and the fruit ripening index. Coatings such as chitosan function as barriers with selective permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide, modifying the surrounding atmosphere by increasing carbon dioxide levels and reducing oxygen concentration. This altered gaseous composition helps slow the respiration rate and ethylene production, thereby delaying the aging process and extending the fruit’s shelf life. Calcium also helps strengthen and maintain the integrity of the cell wall, ultimately preventing membrane deterioration and the increase in malondialdehyde in the fruit. Also, using calcium chloride plays a key role in strengthening cell walls, preserving the structure and function of membranes, and increasing the ability of cells to retain water.
 Conclusion
Overall, the findings suggest that pre-harvest application of 100 mg/L chitosan nanoparticle, combined with post-harvest immersion in a 2% calcium chloride solution, yielded the most favorable results across most measured parameters. This combined treatment effectively preserved fruit quality and extended storage life, making it a promising approach for reducing post-harvest losses in Golden Delicious apples.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acidity
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Nanoparticles
  • Weight loss
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 48، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 87-103
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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