Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology, 24(1), 1-15.
Azizi, I., Esmaielpour, B., & Fatemi, H. (2020). Effect of foliar application of selenium on morphological and physiological indices of savory (Satureja hortensis) under cadmium stress. Food Science and Nutrition, 8(12), 6539-6549.
Ahanger, M.A., Tomar, N.S., Tittal, M., Argal, S., & Agarwal, R. (2017). Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23, 731-744.
Aboelgalagel, E.M., & Abdel Rahman, S.M. (2023). The potential using of three algal extracts as bio-stimulants to promote the growth and improvement of phytochemicals of Allium sativum L. Egyptian Journal of Phycology, 24(1), 100-127.
Akbar, S.A., & Khairunnisa, K. (2024). Seaweed-based biosorbent for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water: a systematic review. InBIO Web of Conferences, 87, p. 02011. EDP Sciences. [In Persian]
Alawamleh, H.S.K., Jabbari, H., Moradkhani, S., & Babashpour-Asl, M. (2023). Cold plasma and foliar-applied selenium nanoparticles modulated cadmium toxicity through changes in physio-biochemical properties and essential oil profile of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23(2), 1981-1995.
Abou El Magd, M. M. (2019). Foliar application of amino acids and seaweed extract on the growth and yield of some cruciferous crops. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 8(3), 782-787.
Ahmed, M., Ullah, H., Himanshu, S.K., García-Caparrós, P., Tisarum, R., Cha-um, S., & Datta, A. (2024). Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract and potassium alleviate drought damage in tomato by improving plant water relations, photosynthetic performance, and stomatal function. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1-14.
Abd-El Hameed, S.M., Elsayed, Y.A., & Shoeip, A.M. (2023). Influence of Organic-Biofertilizers and Foliar Spray with Different Biostimulants on Increasing Yield and Essential Oil of sweet marjoram (Marjorana hortensis L.) Plant. Horticulture Research Journal, 1(4), 60-76.
Bahmani Jafarlou, M., Pilehvar, B., Modaresi, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2023). Seaweed liquid extract as an alternative biostimulant for the amelioration of salt-stress effects in Calotropis procera (Aiton) WT. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42(1), 449-64.
Babashpour-Asl, M., Farajzadeh-Memari-Tabrizi, E., & Yousefpour-Dokhanieh, A. (2022). Foliar-applied selenium nanoparticles alleviate cadmium stress through changes in physio-biochemical status and essential oil profile of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(53), 80021-80031.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.A., & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39, 205-207.
Bakhtiari, M., Raeisi Sadati, F., & Raeisi Sadati, S. Y. (2023). Foliar application of silicon, selenium, and zinc nanoparticles can modulate lead and cadmium toxicity in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants by optimizing growth and biochemical status. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(18), 54223-54233.
Behnam, A., Abbaspour, H., & Saeid Nematpour, F. (2019). Effects of salicylic acid on growth improvement and changes of biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings in cadmium stress. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 32(2), 315-326. [In Persian]
Ben Hamed, K., Castagna, A., Salem, E., Ranieri, A., & Abdelly, C. (2007). Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses. Plant Growth Regulation, 53, 185-194.
Bhagyawant, S.S., Narvekar, D.T., Gupta, N., Bhadkaria, A., Koul, K.K., & Srivastava, N. (2019). Variations in the antioxidant and free radical scavenging under induced heavy metal stress expressed as proline content in chickpea. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25, 683-696.
Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Sosa-Hernández, J.E., Raza, A., Nabeel, F., & Iqbal, H.M. (2018). Biosorption: an interplay between marine algae and potentially toxic elements-a review. Marine drugs, 16(2), 65.
Bhunia, B., Uday, U.S., Oinam, G., Mondal, A., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., & Tiwari, O.N. (2018). Characterization, genetic regulation and production of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides and its applicability for heavy metal removal. Carbohydrate polymers, 179, 228-243.
Cao, B., Zhang, Q., Guo, J., Guo, R., Fan, X., & Bi, Y. (2021). Synthesis and evaluation of Grateloupia Livida polysaccharides-functionalized selenium nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 191, 832-839.
Caradonia, F., Battaglia, V., Righi, L., Pascali, G., & La Torre, A. (2019). Plant biostimulant regulatory framework: prospects in Europe and current situation at international level. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 38, 438-448.
Choulot, M., Michalak, I., Jing, L., Szymczycha-Madeja, A., Wełna, M., Bourgougnon, N., & Le Guillard, C. (2023). The Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of compounds of interest in agriculture: Case study of the red seaweed Solieria chordalis (C. Agardh). Journal of Agardh Algal Research, 75, 103239.
Dell’Aversana, E., Cirillo, V., Van Oosten, M.J., Di Stasio, E., Saiano, K., Woodrow, P., Ciarmiello, L.F., Maggio, A., & Carillo, P. (2021). Ascophyllum nodosum based extracts counteract salinity stress in tomato by remodeling leaf nitrogen metabolism. Plants, 10(6), 1044.
Dhindsa, R.S., Plumb-Dhindsa, P.A., & Thorpe, T.A. (1981). Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental botany, 32(1), 93-101.
Djanaguiraman, M., Belliraj, N., Bossmann, S.H., & Prasad, P.V. (2018). High-temperature stress alleviation by selenium nanoparticle treatment in grain sorghum. ACS omega, 3(3), 2479-2491.
De Brito Mateus, M.P., Tavanti, R.F., Tavanti, T.R., Santos, E.F., Jalal, A., & Dos Reis, A.R. (2021). Selenium biofortification enhances ROS scavenge system increasing yield of coffee plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 209, 111772.
El-Serafy, R.S. (2019). Silica nanoparticles enhances physio-biochemical characters and postharvest quality of Rosa hybrida L. cut flowers. Journal of Horticultural Research, 27(1), 47-54.
El Khattabi, O., El Hasnaoui, S., Toura, M., Henkrar, F., Collin, B., Levard, C., Colin, F., Merghoub, N., Smouni, A., & Fahr, M. (2023). Seaweed extracts as promising biostimulants for enhancing lead tolerance and accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Applied Phycology, 35(1), 459-469.
El-Sharkawy, M., El-Beshsbeshy, T., Al-Shal, R., & Missaoui, A. (2017). Effect of plant growth stimulants on alfalfa response to salt stress. Agricultural Sciences, 8(4), 267-291.
El Rasafi, T., Oukarroum, A., Haddioui, A., Song, H., Kwon, E.E., Bolan, N., Tack, F.M., Sebastian, A., Prasad, M.N., & Rinklebe, J. (2022). Cadmium stress in plants: A critical review of the effects, mechanisms, and tolerance strategies. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 52(5), 675-726.
El-Saadony, M.T., Saad, A.M., Najjar, A.A., Alzahrani, S.O., Alkhatib, F.M., Shafi, M.E., Selem, E., Desoky, E.S., Fouda, S.E., El-Tahan, A.M., & Hassan, M.A. (2021). The use of biological selenium nanoparticles to suppress Triticum aestivum L. crown and root rot diseases induced by Fusarium species and improve yield under drought and heat stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(8), 4461-4471.
Eising, R., & Gerhardt, B. (1987). Catalase degradation in sunflower cotyledons during peroxisome transition from glyoxysomal to leaf peroxisomal function. Plant physiology, (2), 225-232.
Fal, S., Aasfar, A., Ouhssain, A., Choukri, H., Smouni, A., & El Arroussi, H. (2023). Aphanothece sp. as promising biostimulant to alleviate heavy metals stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by enhancing physiological, biochemical, and metabolic responses. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 6875.
Fatemi, H., Esmaiel Pour, B., & Rizwan, M. (2021). Foliar application of silicon nanoparticles affected the growth, vitamin C, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzyme activities of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants grown in lead (Pb)-spiked soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 1417-1425. [In Farsi]
Gupta, N., Yadav, K.K., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Chadd, R.P., & Kumar, A. (2019). Trace elements in soil-vegetables interface: translocation, bioaccumulation, toxicity and amelioration-a review. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2927-2942.
Hussain, B., Lin, Q., Hamid, Y., Sanaullah, M., Di, L., Khan, M.B., He, Z., & Yang, X. (2020). Foliage application of selenium and silicon nanoparticles alleviates Cd and Pb toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Science of the Total Environment, 712, 136497.
Heath, R.L., & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 125(1), 189-198.
Inbar, J., Abramsky, M., Cohen, D., & Chet, I. (1994). Plant growth enhancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions. European journal of plant pathology, 100, 337-346.
Khan, Z., Thounaojam, T.C., Chowdhury, D., & Upadhyaya, H. (2023). The role of selenium and nano selenium on physiological responses in plant: a review. Plant Growth Regulation, 100(2), 409-433.
Kocira, S., Szparaga, A., Kuboń, M., Czerwińska, E., & Piskier, T. (2019). Morphological and biochemical responses of Glycine max (L.) Merr to the use of seaweed extract. Agronomy, 9(2), 93.
Kumari, J., Udawat, P., Dubey, A.K., Haque, M.I., Rathore, M.S., & Jha, B. (2017). Overexpression of SbSI-1, a nuclear protein from Salicornia brachiata confers drought and salt stress tolerance and maintains photosynthetic efficiency in transgenic tobacco. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1215.
Khosropour, E., Weisany, W., Tahir, N.A.R., & Hakimi, L. (2022). Vermicompost and biochar can alleviate cadmium stress through minimizing its uptake and optimizing biochemical properties in Berberis integerrima bunge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(12), 17476-17486.
Li, Y., He, N., Hou, J., Xu, L., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., & Wu, X. (2018). Factors influencing leaf chlorophyll content in natural forests at the biome scale. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 64.
Merwad, A.R., Desoky, E.S., & Rady, M.M. (2018). Response of water deficit-stressed Vigna unguiculata performances to silicon, proline or methionine foliar application. Scientia Horticulturae, 228, 132-144.
Mutlu‐Ingok, A., Catalkaya, G., Capanoglu, E., & Karbancioglu‐Guler, F. (2021). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fennel, ginger, oregano and thyme essential oils. Food Frontiers, 2(4), 508-518.
Miguel, M.G., Cruz, C., Faleiro, L., Simões, M.T., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., & Pedro, L.G. (2010). Foeniculum vulgare essential oils: chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Natural product communications, 5(2), 319-328.
Mógor, Á.F., Ördög, V., Lima, G.P., Molnár, Z., & Mógor, G. (2018). Biostimulant properties of cyanobacterial hydrolysate related to polyamines. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30, 453-460.
Michalek, W., Kocira, A., Findura, P., Szparaga, A., & Kocira, S. (2018). The influence of biostimulant Asahi SL on the photosynthetic activity of selected cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska, 20, 1286-1301.
Nayana, A.R., Joseph, B.J, Jose, A., & Radhakrishnan, E.K., (2020). Nanotechnological advances with PGPR applications. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 41: Nanotechnology for Plant Growth and Development, 163-180.
Nasirzadeh, L., Kvarnheden, A., Sorkhilaleloo, B., Hervan, E. M., & Fatehi, F. (2022). Foliar-applied selenium nanoparticles can alleviate soil-cadmium stress through physio-chemical and stomatal changes to optimize yield, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22(2), 2469-2480.
Neysanian, M., Iranbakhsh, A., Ahmadvand, R., Oraghi Ardebili, Z, & Ebadi, M. (2020). Comparative efficacy of selenate and selenium nanoparticles for improving growth, productivity, fruit quality, and postharvest longevity through modifying nutrition, metabolism, and gene expression in tomato; potential benefits and risk assessment. PloS one, 15(12), e0244207.
Pal, S.C., Hossain, M.B., Mallick, D., Bushra, F., Abdullah, S.R., Dash, P.K., & Das, D. (2024). Combined use of seaweed extract and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for alleviating salt stress in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 325, 112597.
Qi, W. Y., Li, Q., Chen, H., Liu, J., Xing, S. F., Xu, M., & Wang, S. G. (2021). Selenium nanoparticles ameliorate Brassica napus L. cadmium toxicity by inhibiting the respiratory burst and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417, 125900.
Ramírez-Olvera, S.M., Trejo-Téllez, L.I., Gómez-Merino, F.C., Ruíz-Posadas, L.D., Alcántar-González, E.G., & Saucedo-Veloz, C. (2021). Silicon stimulates plant growth and metabolism in rice plants under conventional and osmotic stress conditions. Plants, 10(4), 777.
Rady, M.M., Desoky, E.S., Ahmed, S.M., Majrashi, A., Ali, E.F., Arnaout, S.M., & Selem E. (2021). Foliar nourishment with nano-selenium dioxide promotes physiology, biochemistry, antioxidant defenses, and salt tolerance in phaseolus vulgaris. Plants, 10(6), 1189.
Rai, P.K., Lee, S.S., Zhang, M., Tsang, Y.F., & Kim, K.H. (2019). Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. Environment international, 125, 365-385.
Ran, T., Cao, G., Xiao, L., Li., Y., Zhao, X., Qin, Y., Wu, P., & Tian, S. (2024). Effects of Cadmium Stress on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Potato in the Whole Growth Period. BMC Plant Biology, pp, 1-23.
Rehman, M.Z., Khalid, H., Akmal, F., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Qayyum, M.F., Iqbal, M., Khalid, M.U., & Azhar M. (2017). Effect of limestone, lignite and biochar applied alone and combined on cadmium uptake in wheat and rice under rotation in an effluent irrigated field. Environmental Pollution, 227, 560-568.
Riska, S.R. (2020). Overview of traditional use, phytochemical & pharmacological activities of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). International Journal of Modern Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1), 1-9.
Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Adrees, M., Ibrahim, M., Tsang, D.C., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Zahir, Z.A., Rinklebe, J., Tack, F.M., & Ok, Y.S. (2017). A critical review on effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of cadmium in vegetables. Chemosphere, 182, 90-105.
Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Ali, B., Adrees, M., Arshad, M., Hussain, A., Rehman, M.Z., & Waris, A.A. (2019). Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved the plant growth and reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat. Chemosphere, 1(214), 269-277.
Rubio, L., Pyrgiotakis, G., Beltran-Huarac, J., Zhang, Y., Gaurav, J., Deloid, G., Spyrogianni, A., Sarosiek, K.A., Bello, D., & Demokritou, P. (2019). Safer-by-design flame-sprayed silicon dioxide nanoparticles: the role of silanol content on ROS generation, surface activity and cytotoxicity. Particle and fibre toxicology, 16, 1-15.
Sardar, R., Ahmed, S., Shah, A.A., & Yasin, N.A. (2022). Selenium nanoparticles reduced cadmium uptake, regulated nutritional homeostasis and antioxidative system in Coriandrum sativum grown in cadmium toxic conditions. Chemosphere, 287, 132332.
Seneviratne, M., Rajakaruna, N., Rizwan, M., Madawala, H.M., Ok, Y.S., & Vithanage, M. (2019). Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress on seed germination and seedling development: a critical review. Environmental geochemistry and health, 41, 1813-1831.
Shawky, A.A., Khalifa, G.S., Hegazi, A., & ElSherif, M. (2023). Growth, Productivity, and Essential Oil Content of Fennel Plants Treated with Spirulina Platensis Extract and Compost Tea Under Low Nitrogen Doses. Gesunde Pflanzen, 11, 1-0.
Shaari, N.E., Khandaker, M.M., Tajudin, M.T., Majrashi, A., Alenazi, M.M., Badaluddin, N.A., Adnan, A.F., Osman, N., & Mohd, K.S. (2023). Enhancing the Growth Performance, Cellular Structure, and Rubisco Gene Expression of Cadmium Treated Brassica chinensis Using Sargassum polycystum and Spirulina platensis extracts. Horticulturae, 9(7), 738.
Tu, J., Wu, J., Huang, X., & Zhou, C. (2024). Foliar Spraying Biosynthetic Nanoselenium Alleviates Cd Stress through Changes in Growth, Cd Uptake and Nutritional Quality of pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1-13.
Wu, C., Dun, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, M., & Wu, G. (2020). Foliar application of selenium and zinc to alleviate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cadmium toxicity and uptake from cadmium-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 190, 110091.
Zhang, H., Xu, Z., Guo, K., Huo, Y., He, G., Sun, H., Guan, Y., Xu, N., Yang, W., & Sun, G. (2020). Toxic effects of heavy metal Cd and Zn on chlorophyll, carotenoid metabolism and photosynthetic function in tobacco leaves revealed by physiological and proteomics analysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 202, 110856.
Zhao, H., Liu, C., Song, J., & Fan, X. (2022). Pilot study of toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28‐day studies of selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme in Kunming mice. Journal of Food Science, 87(9), 4264-4279.
)