تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

اثر کاربرد برگی گاما آمینوبوتیریک اسید (GABA) و فورکلرفنورون (CPPU) بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروسا

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
کاربرد ترکیبات طبیعی و ایمن برای انسان و محیط زیست، نقش مهمی در بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت توت‌فرنگی دارد. یکی از مهم‌ترین و گسترده‌ترین ارقام توت‌فرنگی مورد کشت در جهان رقم کاماروسا است که به دلیل تولید اول فصل، عملکرد بالا، میوه‌های جذاب همراه با سفتی بالا و کیفیت حمل و نقل و عمر پس از برداشت نسبتاً بالا، یک رقم مناسب برای تولیدکنندگان است. در این پژوهش بوته‌های توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروسا در گلخانه ای تونلی با پوشش پلاستیک پلی‌اتیلنی و بدون استفاده از سیستم گرمایشی در شهرستان رامیان، استان گلستان در گلدان های پلی‌اتیلنی با بستر کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت در آبان ماه سال 1400 کشت شدند. بوته ها در دو مرحله (ابتدای گلدهی و 10 روز بعد) با گاما آمینوبوتیریک اسید (GABA) با غلظت صفر، 10 و 20 میلی‌مولار و یک مرحله (ابتدای گلدهی) با فورکلرفنورون (CPPU) با غلظت صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر محلول‌پاشی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی GABA و CPPU توانست به‌طور معنی‌داری رشد و نمو ریشه، سطح برگ، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید برگ، سفتی میوه و مجموع وزن میوه برداشت شده را افزایش و درصد میوة بدشکل را کاهش دهد. تیمارGABA  20 میلی‌مولار مجموع وزن میوه برداشت شده را 17 درصد افزایش داد و بیشترین سفتی میوه (1/96 نیوتن بر سانتی‌متر مربع) در بوته‌های محلول‌پاشی شده با 20 میلی‌مولار GABA مشاهده شد. میزان کلروفیل کل برگ با افزایش غلظت GABA و CPPU افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل برگ (1/384 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) در تیمارهای 20 میلی‌مولار GABA و 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر CPPU (1/430 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) ثبت شد. تیمار 10 میلی‌‎گرم در لیتر CPPU به ترتیب 107 و 59 درصد افزایش حجم و وزن ریشه را سبب شد. بیشترین طول میوه (65/51 میلی‌متر) و نسبت طول به قطر میوه (1/69) در بوته‌های محلول‌پاشی شده با 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر CPPU به‌دست آمد. همچنین هر دو تیمار GABA و CPPU بر شاخص درخشندگی رنگ میوه و قند کل میوه اثر معنی‌داری داشتند. در این میان، تیمار GABA بر طول، قطر، نسبت طول به قطر میوه و قند برگ در زمان برداشت اثر معنی‌داری نداشت. به‌علاوه تیمار CPPU نتوانست قطر میوه، قند برگ و مجموع وزن میوه برداشت شده را در زمان برداشت تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. محلول‌پاشی CPPU بر محتوای سیتوکینین میوه اثر معنی‌داری داشت و بیشترین مقدار این تنظیم کنندۀ رشد گیاهی در تیمار 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر CPPU ثبت شد. در نهایت، محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروسا با 20 میلی‌مولار GABA و 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر CPPU به‌منظور تولید میوه با کیفیت و ماندگاری بالا توصیه می‌شود. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of foliar application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) on physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Camarosa

نویسندگان English

Naeimeh Soukht Saraei 1
Feryal Varasteh 2
Hamid Reza Sadeghipour 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Strawberry is a globally valued fruit, and enhancing its quality without reliance on harmful chemicals is a critical goal. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, influences plant growth, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and both primary and secondary metabolism while improving responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, including synthetic compounds like forchlorfenuron (CPPU), can enhance photosynthesis, cell division, and overall plant performance, particularly if applied during early fruit development. 
Materials and Methods
This study evaluated the effects of foliar applications of GABA (0, 10, 20 mM) and CPPU (0, 5, 10 mg l-1) on Camarosa strawberry plantlets, grown in Ramian County, Golestan province, Iran (UTM: 318446, 4092385) in October 2022. Treatments were applied at flowering and repeated 10 days later for GABA, and once at flowering for CPPU, using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Fruits were harvested at 75% surface redness and assessed for root volume and weight, total sugar, leaf photosynthetic pigments, fruit dimensions and shape, malformed fruit percentage, firmness, color, yield, and endogenous cytokinin. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS 9.1), and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.01).
Results and Discussion
GABA application, particularly at 20 mM, significantly increased root volume and weight, leaf carotenoid content, chlorophyll b content, fruit firmness and the total harvested fruit weight at the 1% significance level. It also significantly enhanced total leaf chlorophyll and reduced the percentage of malformed fruits at the 5% significance level. Specifically, 20 mM GABA increased total harvested fruit weight by 17%. However, GABA had no significant effect on leaf area, chlorophyll a content, total leaf sugar, or most fruit dimensional indices. CPPU application significantly increased root volume and weight, leaf area, carotenoid content, fruit length, firmness, and reduced malformed fruit percentage (p<  0.01), and also affected chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and fruit length-to-diameter ratio at the 5% level, sugar, or most fruit dimensional indices. Notably, 10 mg L-1 CPPU enhanced root volume and weight by 107 % and 59 %, respectively, versus control. The highest fruit length (65.51 mm) and fruit length-to-diameter ratio (1.69) were obtained in plants sprayed with 10 mg L-1 CPPU. The highest fruit firmness (1.96 Ncm-2) was observed in the 20 mM GABA treatment. Both GABA and CPPU increased total leaf chlorophyll, with maxima in 20 mM GABA (1.384 mg g-¹) and 10 mg L-1 CPPU (1.430 mg g⁻¹).  Malformed fruit incidence was lowest with 10 mg L-1 CPPU. Both GABA and CPPU treatments significantly improved fruit color brightness and total sugar content.
Conclusion
Foliar applications of GABA and CPPU act as regulators of growth and development in strawberry, enhancing yield and fruit quality. Applying 20 mM GABA and 10 mg L-1 CPPU to Camarosa strawberries is recommended to produce high-quality, well-formed, and long-lasting fruit.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cytokinin
Fruit firmness
Fruit total sugar
Photosynthetic pigments
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