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مطالعۀ عملکرد و اجزای ‌عملکرد کاملینا (Camelina sativa L.) با کاربرد زئولیت و سرکۀ‌چوب در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان روغنی مثل سویا و آفتابگردان از جمله  محصولات زراعی ضروری هستند که به مقدار قابل توجهی آب نیاز دارند. معرفی گیاه کاملینا به عنوان جایگزین مناسب با ویژگی‌های سازگار با شرایط نامساعد محیطی و نیاز کم به آب و عناصر غذایی می‌تواند به عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای تنوع بخشی به کشت و تأمین نیازهای روغنی کشور باشد. این پژوهش به‌ منظور مطالعه عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاملینا با کاربرد زئولیت و سرکۀ‌چوب در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، به‏صورت کرت‌های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعۀ دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال زراعی 02-1401 اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل رژیم‌های آبیاری در چهار سطح مختلف بوده‌اند: آبیاری مطلوب (I1)، کم آبیاری ملایم (I2)، کم آبیاری متوسط (I3) و کم آبیاری شدید (I4)، که به ترتیب پس از تخلیه (جذب در منطقه ریشه یا تبخیر) 20، 40، 60 و 80 درصد آب قابل استفاده و سپس آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت مزرعه اعمال شده است. رژیم‌های آبیاری در کرت‌های اصلی و استفاده از زئولیت در دو سطح مختلف (بدون کاربرد زئولیت و هشت تن در هکتار زئولیت) و  سرکۀ چوب در چهار سطح مختلف (صفر، ۵۰۰۰، 10000، 15000 پی‏پی‏ام) به صورت ترکیب فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برای تعیین زمان و حجم آبیاری و همچنین مقدار نفوذ عمقی آب، از دستگاه Time-Domain Reflectometry یا TDR استفاده شد. استفاده از زئولیت و محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ چوب در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب سبب بهبود قابل توجهی در تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده گردید. همچنین، در شرایط کم آبیاری متوسط و کم آبیاری شدید، این تأثیرات چشمگیرتر بود. اما باید توجه داشت که در کم آبیاری شدید، تأثیرات معنی‌داری از زئولیت مشاهده نشد، در حالی که استفاده از سرکۀ چوب با غلظت 10000 پی‌پی‌ام توانست نتایج قابل توجهی در برخی از ویژگی‌های گیاه، مانند عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت داشته باشد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، در کاربرد زئولیت و عدم کاربرد سرکۀ چوب حاصل شد که با تیمار کاربرد زئولیت و محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ چوب با غلظت 15000 پی‌پی‌ام (1350 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از لحاظ آماری با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشتند. در کم‌آبیاری شدید با 951 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عدم کاربرد زئولیت، محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ چوب با غلظت 10000 پی‌پی‌ام بیشترین عملکرد دانه را ثبت کرد. سایر رژیم‌های آبیاری از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. بیشترین شاخص برداشت در آبیاری مطلوب با 33/86 درصد در تیمار کاربرد زئولیت و عدم محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ‌چوب به دست آمد، در کم آبیاری شدید، عدم کاربرد زئولیت و محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 10000 پی‌پی‌ام بیشترین شاخص برداشت را 30/31 درصد ثبت کرد. با توجه به نتایج، می‌توان چنین استنباط نمود برای افزایش سطح برگ، طول ریشه، ارتفاع، تعداد خورجینک در بوته، و وزن هزار دانه، آبیاری مطلوب و همچنین استفاده از زئولیت و محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ چوب با غلظت 5000 پی‌پی‌ام توصیه می‌شود. برای افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده، در صورت امکان کم‌آبیاری متوسط و همچنین کاربرد زئولیت به‌عنوان به صرفه ترین تیمار معرفی می‌شود. در شرایط کم آبیاری شدید نیز استفاده از محلول‌پاشی سرکۀ چوب با غلظت 10000 پی‌پی‌ام به جهت افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of yield and yield components of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under water deficit stress with the application of zeolite and wood vinegar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Mohammad Abedi 1
  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy 2
  • Ali Heidarzadeh 3

1 Graduated M.Sc, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Graduated Ph.D, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The agricultural sector plays a critical role in ensuring food security through while conserving natural resources. Oilseed crops require substantial water inputs, making it necessary to identify alternative crops with lower water and nutrient demands. Camelina sativa has emerged as a promising oilseed crop due to its adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions. Promoting camelina cultivation could help diversify agricultural production and reduce dependence on traditional oilseed crops.
 Materials and Methods
This study aimed to investigate the yield and yield components of camelina under water deficit stress with the application of zeolite and wood vinegar. The experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Agricultural Faculty Farm of Tarbiat Modares University as a split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was irrigation regimes at four levels: optimal irrigation, mild water deficit stress, moderate water deficit stress, and severe water deficit stress, corresponding to 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% depletion of available water capacity, respectively, followed by irrigation to field capacity. Sub-plots included two levels of zeolite application (0 and 8 tons ha-1) and four levels of wood vinegar foliar application (0, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 ppm) in a factorial arrangement. The Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) device was used to determine the irrigation timing and volume, as well as the amount of deep water infiltration. After performing the plowing operation, zeolite was evenly spread over the soil surface in the experimental area and mixed with the soil for the plots designated to have zeolite according to the experimental design. Additionally, foliar application of wood vinegar was carried out at four different stages of plant growth (10 days before flowering, inflorescence emergence, full flowering, and fruiting) to achieve optimal effectiveness.
 Results and Discussion
The results indicate that zeolite application and wood vinegar foliar spraying significantly improved all measured traits under optimal irrigation conditions. The highest grain yield was obtained in the treatment with zeolite application and no wood vinegar application, which showed no statistically significant difference from the treatment with zeolite application and foliar spraying of wood vinegar at a concentration of 15,000 ppm (1,350 kg.ha-1). Under severe water deficit conditions, the highest grain yield (951 kg.ha-1) was recorded in the treatment without zeolite application and foliar spraying of wood vinegar at a concentration of 10,000 ppm. Other irrigation regimes did not show statistically significant differences. The highest harvest index (33.86%) was achieved under optimal irrigation in the treatment with zeolite application and no foliar spraying of wood vinegar. Under severe water deficit, the highest harvest index (30.31%) was recorded in the treatment without zeolite application and foliar spraying of wood vinegar at a concentration of 10,000 ppm. These beneficial effects were more pronounced under moderate and severe water stress. However, under severe drought stress, zeolite application did not yield significant improvements, whereas wood vinegar at 10,000 ppm significantly enhanced grain yield and harvest index. These findings suggest that zeolite and wood vinegar can serve as effective strategies to enhance plant performance, particularly in water-limited environments. 
 Conclusion
For maximizing seed and biological yield, moderate water stress combined with zeolite application is recommended as the most cost-effective treatment. Under severe water stress, foliar application of wood vinegar foliar application at 10,000 ppm is recommended to enhance seed and biological yield.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Drought stress
  • Harvest index
  • Seed yield
  • Straw yield
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 48، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 21-38
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هم رسانی
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