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تاثیر بیوچار بر رشد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی تلخون تحت تنش شوری (Artemisia dracunculus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی مهندسی علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

10.22055/ppd.2024.47046.2173

چکیده

تلخون (Artemisia dracunculus L.) گیاهی معطر و پایا می‌باشد که  کاربرد گسترده‌ای در صنایع غذایی، دارویی آرایشی و بهداشتی دارد. ارزش دارویی این گیاه به‌دلیل وجود اسانس، ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدی، اسیدهای فنلی، کومارین، و الکالوئیدها می‌باشد. تنش شوری به یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی تبدیل شده، که موجب کاهش‌ عملکرد گیاهان می‌شود. لذا، یافتن راهکارهایی که موجب غلبه یا کاهش اثرات تنش شوری بر گیاه بشود حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری کلریدسدیم (صفر،  75 و 150 میلی‌مولار) و کاربرد خاکی بیوچار (صفر، 7 و 14 درصد حجمی)، بر رشد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک تلخون، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر مبنای طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان در طی سال‌های 1401 انجام شد. ارتفاع گیاه، وزن‌خشک بخش هوایی، محتوای کلروفیل a، پراکسید هیدروژن، مالون‌ دی‌آلدئید، پرولین، سدیم و پتاسیم تحت تأثیر اثرات متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بدون تنش شوری و تنش شوری 75 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم با کاربرد 14% حجمی بیوچار، موجب افزایش ارتفاع و وزن‌خشک بخش هوایی گیاه شد. بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل a در تیمار بدون تنش شوری با هر دو سطح بیوچار و تیمار تنش شوری 75 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم با کاربرد 14% حجمی بیوچار حاصل شد. تنش شوری 150 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم در شرایط عدم کاربرد بیوچار، موجب افزایش محتوای پراکسید هیدروژن، مالون دی‌آلدئید و سدیم ( 35 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) شد. بالاترین محتوای پرولین در تیمارهای تنش شوری 150 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم با هر دو سطح کاربرد بیوچار و عدم کاربرد آن مشاهده شد. بالاترین محتوای پتاسیم در تیمار بدون تنش شوری با کاربرد 14% حجمی بیوچار حاصل شد که نشان‌دهنده افزایش 71 درصدی نسبت‌ به شاهد بود. نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم تحت تاثیر اثر اصلی بیوچار قرار گرفت و کاربرد 7 و 14% بیوچار باعث افزایش نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم گیاه شد. اثرات اصلی تنش شوری و بیوچار محتوای آب نسبی برگ، محتوای اسانس، کلروفیل b و کارتنوئید گیاه را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. اثر اصلی تیمارهای 7 و 14% بیوچار، محتوای کلروفیل b را نسبت ‌به شاهد افزایش داد. کاربرد 14% بیوچار موجب افزایش محتوای آب نسبی برگ (افزایش 17 درصدی نسبت‌به شاهد)، و کاروتنوئید، شد. با افزایش تنش شوری به 150 میلی‌مولار از محتوای آب نسبی برگ به میزان 22 درصد نسبت‌به شاهد کاسته شد و بالاترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ در شاهد مشاهده شد. هر دو تیمار تنش شوری 75 و 150 میلی‌مولار موجب افزایش محتوای کاروتنوئید شد. بیشترین محتوای اسانس در تیمار 14% حجمی بیوچار مشاهده شد که نشان‌دهنده افزایش 76 درصدی نسبت‌به شاهد بود. اثر اصلی تنش شوری 75 میلی‌مولار موجب افزایش محتوای اسانس شد. 18 جزء در اسانس تلخون شناسایی شد. استراگول (8/90-3/84 %) جزء غالب اسانس در تلخون بود که بیشترین جزء این ترکیب در تیمار تنش شوری 150 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم با کاربرد 14%  بیوچار حاصل شد. دومین جزء ازنظر فراوانی dl-limonene (02/3-05/1 %) بود که بیشترین جزء این ترکیب در تیمار تنش شوری 75 میلی‌مولار با کاربرد  7% حجمی بیوچار مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی حاضر نشان داد که تنش شوری 150 میلی‌مولار تاثیر منفی بر صفات رشدی و فیزیولوژیک تلخون داشت اما کاربرد بیوچار به میزان 14% موجب بهبود صفات رشدی، فیزیولوژیک و افزایش جزء غالب اسانس تحت تنش شوری شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of biochar on the growth and some physiological characteristics of Artemisia dracunculus L. under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maehdiyeh Safavi 1
  • Maedeh Mohammadzadeh 1
  • lamia vojodimehrabani 2

1 Student of Horticultural Science Engineering, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Horticultural Science, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Artemisia dracunculus L. is a perennial fragrant plant which is commonly used as a flavoring vegetable in many countries. The plant is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health industries. The medicinal value of tarragon is due to the presence of essential oil, phenolics and flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and alkaloids. In the last decade, due to climatic changes, salinity stress has become one of the most important biological problems, which causes a decrease in plant productivity. Salinity stress, by creating water and ionic imbalance, induces drought stress and increases the concentration of vacuolar sap. Moreover, the ionic toxicity and ionic competition in the cell membranes as a result of salt stress leads to programmed cell death. Therefore, it is important to find solutions to overcome or reduce the effects of salinity stress on plants. Biochar is an organic carbonic compound that can affect the physicochemical structure of the soil. Biochar, by increasing the absorption of nutrients, enhances the cation exchange capacity, and water holding capacity in the soil, improves the soil structure, and increases the plant access to the soil nutrients, and in this way helps to enhance the yield of the plant.
Materials and Methods
To investigate the effects of soil-based biochar (zero, 7, and 14% v) application and, NaCl salinity stress (zero, 75, and 150 mM) on the growth and some physiological traits of Artemisia dracunculus L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on the completely randomized design with three replications during 2022 in Research Greenhouse of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. After adding biochar to the soil mixture, tarragon rhizomes were plantd in the pots. One month later, after complete stablishment of plants, salinity levels were imposed. The plants were maintained in the growing medium for 3 month. Later the plant parts were sampled for the traits measurement.
 Results and Discussion
Plant height, aerial parts dry weight, chlorophyll a, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline, sodium, and potassium content were influenced by the interaction effects of experimental treatments. The treatments without salinity and 75 mM NaCl salinity stress + the application of 14% (v) biochar caused an increase in the plant height and aerial part dry weight of the plant. The highest content of chlorophyll a was obtained in the treatment without salinity stress + both levels of biochar and 75 mM NaCl salinity stress + application of 14% (v) of biochar. The salinity stress )150 mM( in the condition of not using biochar increased the content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and sodium content (35 mg g-1 DW) of the plant. The highest proline content was observed in 150 mM salinity stress with both levels of biochar application and non-application. The highest potassium content was obtained in the treatment without salinity stress with the application of 14% (v) of biochar, which showed a 71% increase compared to the control. The potassium-to-sodium ratio was affected by the main effect of biochar, and the use of 7 and 14% biochar increased the potassium-to-sodium ratio of the plant. The independent effects of salinity stress and biochar affected leaf relative water content, essential oil, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content. Seven and 14% biochar treatments increased the chlorophyll b content compared to the control. The application of 14% biochar raised the relative water content of leaves (17% increase compared to the control), and carotenoids. By increasing the salinity stress to 150 mM, the leaf-relative water content decreased by 22% compared to the control, and the highest leaf-relative water content was observed in the control. Both 75 and 150 mM salinity stress treatments increased carotenoid content. The top essential oil content was observed in 14% (v) of biochar, which showed a 76% increase compared to the control. 75 mM salinity stress increased the essential oil content as well. 18 components were identified in Artemisia dracunculus essential oil.Estragole (84.3-90.8%) was the dominant component of the essential oil, and the highest content of this compound was obtained in 150 mM NaCl salinity stress + 14% biochar application.The second component in terms of abundance was d-limonene (1.05-3.02%), and the highest content of this compound was observed in the 75 mM salinity stress + 7% (v) of biochar application.
 Conclusion
The overall results showed that 150 mM salinity stress hurts the growth and physiological characteristics of A. dracunculus, but the use of biochar at the rate of 14% improved the growth and physiological characteristics and even enhanced the dominant components content of essential oil under salt stress.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • H2O2 content
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Proline
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 229-244
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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