نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان دارویی و معطر

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خسروشهر، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان باغی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

بررسی­ها نشان داده است که کاربرد بعضی از ترکیباتی که اغلب توسط محققان و کشاورزان اهمیت آن نادیده گرفته شده، می­تواند تأثیر قابل ملاحظه­ای بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان داشته باشد و در گیاهان دارویی بر میزان تولید اسانس بیفزاید. لذا این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثرات محلول­پاشی سلنیوم و سلسیوم و زئولیت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و درصد و عملکرد اسانس رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.) انجام شد. این آزمایش به­صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات (دوبار خرد شده) بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خسروشهر در سال زراعی 1399 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل محلول­پاشی سلسیوم (صفر و 4 گرم در لیتر) و فاکتور دوم محلول­پاشی سلنیوم (صفر و 4 گرم در لیتر) به­ترتیب در کرت‌های اصلی و فرعی و فاکتور سوم شامل کاربرد زئولیت (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار داده شدند. در مرحله رسیدگی کامل، 5 بوته از یک مترمربع هر کرت برداشت گردید و ماده خشک کل بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه با کاربرد این تیمارها افزایش یافت که نتیجه آن افزایش عملکرد اسانس رازیانه در واحد سطح بود. براساس نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین داده­ها، کاربرد هر سه ترکیب زئولیت، سلسیوم و سلنیوم افزایش معنی‌داری را در عملکرد اسانس رازیانه باعث شد و این صفت را به­­ترتیب به­میزان 24، 1/23 و 5/22 درصد افزایش داد. سلسیوم و سلنیوم با افزایش عملکرد دانه تولیدی، عملکرد اسانس را افزایش داد. علاوه بر آن زئولیت از طریق تعداد دانه، بر عملکرد دانه اثر مثبت داشت، درحالی­­که سلسیوم و سلنیوم، هر دو ویژگی اجزای عملکرد شامل وزن هزاردانه و تعداد دانه را افزایش داد. درنهایت افزایش محصول اسانس رازیانه تحت تأثیر کاربرد زئولیت، سلسیوم و سلنیوم قرار گرفت. در اغلب موارد هر سه ترکیب بر صفات ارزیابی شده مؤثر بود و لذا می­توان این گونه نتیجه­گیری کرد که این سه ترکیب با مکانیسم­های مختلف بر افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد رازیانه مؤثر بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of selenium, silicon and zeolite on yield and yield components and percentage of essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.) in Khosrowshahr region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalil Shafagh-Kolvanagh 1
  • Mohammad Bagher Tajkhalili 2
  • Ahmad Bybordi 3
  • Mina Amani 4

1 Professor, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 MSc of Crop ecology, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Department of Agricultural Research, Khosroshahr, Iran

4 Ph.D. Student of the Physiology of Production and Post-harvest of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Studies have shown that the use of some compounds whose importance is often neglected by researchers and farmers can have a significant effect on the growth and yield of plants and increase the amount of essential oil production in medicinal plants. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of Selenium and Silicon foliar application and zeolite soil application on the yield and components of seed yield and the percentage and yield essential oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.).
Materials and methods
 This experiment was carried out in the form of a split split plot (twice chopped) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Khosrowshahr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in the 2019 crop year. The first factor included foliar spraying of calcium (zero and 4 gr/L) and the second factor included foliar spraying of selenium (zero and 4 gr/L) in the main and secondary plots, respectively, and the third factor was the application of zeolite (zero, 5 and 10 tons/ha) were placed in sub-sub-plots. In the full ripening stage, plants were harvested from one square meter of each plot and the dry matter of the whole plant, number of seeds per umbels, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, percentage and essential oil yield were measured.
 Results and Discussion
The results showed that the seed yield increased with the application of these treatments, which resulted in an increase in the yield of fennel essential oil per unit area. Based on the results of the average data comparison, the use of all three compounds of zeolite, selenium and silicon caused a significant increase in the yield of fennel essential oil and increased this attribute by 24, 23.1, and 22.5 percent, respectively. Silicon and selenium increased the yield of essential oil by increasing the seed yield. In addition, zeolite had a positive effect on seed yield through the number of seeds, while silicon and selenium increased both characteristics of yield components, including 1000-seed weight and number of seeds.
 Conclusion
Finally, the yield of fennel essential oil was affected by the use of zeolite, selenium and silicon. In most cases, all three compounds were effective on the evaluated traits, and therefore, it can be concluded that these three compounds were effective in increasing the yield and yield components of fennel with different mechanisms. Therefore, it can be concluded that these three compounds work through different mechanisms to enhance the yield and quality of fennel essential oil, positioning them as effective tools in sustainable agriculture and the optimization of medicinal plant production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000-seed weight
  • Foliar application
  • Seed yield
  • Total dry matter
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