نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به بحران آب و نیاز روزافزون مصرف‌کنندگان به روغن، لزوم مطالعات به جهت بهبود تولید دانه‌های روغنی و در راستای بهبود تغذیه و سلامت جامعه مشهود است بدین منظور این پژوهش با هدف بررسی عملکرد و ترکیبات روغن کاملینا تحت تاثیر محلول‌پاشی اوره و رژیم‌های آبیاری به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح  بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس اجرا شد. در این پژوهش عوامل بررسی شده شامل رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در زمان گلدهی گیاه در چهار سطح به عنوان عامل اصلی  تعریف شد. این سطوح شامل آبیاری مطلوب (بدون تنش)، کم‌آبی ملایم، کم‌آبی متوسط و کم‌آبی شدید بود. که به ترتیب آبیاری تا زمانی ادامه یافت که رطوبت قابل استفاده گیاه در منطقه ریشه به 20، 40، 60 و 80 درصد برسد و سپس ادامه آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه و عامل فرعی شامل کاربرد کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره به صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی در شش سطح (1%، 2%، 3%، 4% و محلول‌پاشی آب مقطر و عدم محلول‌پاشی) بود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش مشاهده شد که در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه و مقدار روغن بیشترین مقدار را نشان دادند. عملکرد دانه در شرایط کم‌آبی ملایم نسبت به شاهد (آبیاری مطلوب) 83/12 درصد کاهش داشت و محلول‌پاشی اوره 1، 2، 3 و 4 درصد نیتروژن نسبت به شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) به ترتیب 23/18، 95/27، 30/16 و 74/11 درصد عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد. استفاده از محلول‌پاشی کود اوره با غلظت 3% نیتروژن منجر به افزایش بیشتری در عملکرد دانه و مقدار روغن نسبت به سایر غلظت‌ها شد. عملکرد روغن در شرایط کم‌آبیاری ملایم و متوسط نسبت به شاهد (آبیاری مطلوب) به ترتیب 42/4 و 23/21 درصد کاهش داشت. همچنین محلول‌پاشی اوره 1، 2 و 3 درصد نیتروژن نسبت به شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) به ترتیب 85/23، 37/35 و 81/23 درصد عملکرد روغن را افزایش داد. تیمار کم‌آبی ملایم و محلول‌پاشی اوره 4 درصد نیتروژن بیشترین مقادیر اسید چرب پالمیتیک، استئاریک، اولئیک و لینولئیک را ایجاد کرد. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین مقدار اروسیک‌اسید از تیمار آبیاری مطلوب و محلول‌پاشی اوره 1 درصد نیتروژن به دست آمد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and oil compositions of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kimia Momeni-Shijani 1
  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy 2
  • Ali Heidarzadeh 3
  • Amir Mohammad Abedi 1

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Graduated Ph.D. from the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Oilseeds are rich in fatty acids, hence they are of paramount importance. Fats and oils are recognized as primary sources of energy in human nutrition. Additionally, fat-soluble vitamins, which play a crucial role in maintaining human health, are supplied through the consumption of oilseeds in the body. Therefore, studying and researching oilseeds and their importance in today's nutrition is crucial. Camelina is an oilseed product belonging to the Brassicaceae family, which can adapt well to various environments and produce suitable oil for biological purposes. Due to its appropriate composition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (omega-9), linoleic acid (omega-6), alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3), and low levels of saturated fatty acids, it is considered one of the highest quality edible oils.
Materials and Methods
 This research aimed to investigate the performance and composition of camelina oil under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021 growing season at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. In this study, the examined factors included different irrigation regimes at the flowering stage at four levels defined as the main factor. These levels included optimal irrigation (no stress), mild water deficit stress, moderate water deficit stress, and severe water deficit stress. Irrigation continued until the plant's available moisture in the root zone reached 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent, respectively, and then irrigation continued to the field capacity. The secondary factor included the application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea source as foliar spray at six levels (0% (distilled water spray), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and no foliar spray (control)).
 Results and Discussion
Under optimal irrigation conditions, seed yield and oil content showed the highest values, with the optimal irrigation treatment exhibiting the highest yield. In mild water deficit stress conditions, seed yield decreased by 12.83% compared to the control (optimal irrigation), while foliar application of nitrogen at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% increased seed yield by 18.23%, 27.95%, 16.30%, and 11.74%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of nitrogen foliar spray at a concentration of 3% resulted in a greater increase in grain yield and oil content compared to other concentrations. Oil yield decreased by 4.42% and 21.23% in mild and moderate water deficit stress conditions, respectively, compared to the control (optimal irrigation). Additionally, foliar application of urea at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% increased oil yield by 23.85%, 35.37%, and 23.81%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). Under severe water deficit stress conditions, the treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration led to the highest amount of seed oil, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Regarding the anthocyanin content, under severe water deficit stress conditions, foliar application of nitrogen at a concentration of 1% resulted in a greater increase in anthocyanin content compared to other treatments.
 Conclusion
In optimal irrigation conditions, grain yield and oil content showed the highest values. In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of foliar spraying of urea fertilizer with a concentration of 3% nitrogen led to a greater increase in grain yield and oil content than other concentrations. In severe water deficit stress conditions, urea fertilizer treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration resulted in the highest amount of  oil content and chlorophyll a and b.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthocyanin
  • Chlorophyll
  • Fatty acids
  • Grain yield
  • Oil yield
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