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اثر پرتو فرابنفش B بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی مرتبط با تحمل سرما در انگور یاقوتی (Vitis vinifera L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد درختان میوه، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش روی نهال‌های ریشه‌دار انگور رقم یاقوتی (Vitis vinifera L.) به صورت فاکتوریل (3×3) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ملایر در بهار و تابستان سال 1401 اجرا شد. در مرحله 15 برگی تاک‌ها تحت سه تیمار پرتو فرابنفش B به ترتیب ذیل قرار گرفتند تیمار اول (شاهد): نور طبیعی،  تیمار دوم (متوسط): 98/5 کیلو ژول بر متر مربع در روز (برابر با 55/0 وات در متر مربع به مدت 3 ساعت) و تیمار سوم (شدید): 66/9 کیلو ژول بر متر مربع در روز (برابر با 55/0 وات در متر مربع به مدت 5/4 ساعت). این تیمارها تحت طول روز طبیعی موجود در گلخانه در خرداد ماه به مدت 3 روز روی گیاهان اعمال شد. بعد از اعمال تیمارهای پرتو فرابنفش B ، یک گروه از گلدان‌ها در گلخانه (دمای ºC1±24) نگهداری  و گروه دیگری از گلدان‌ها (تاک-های شاهد و تیمار شده با پرتو فرابنفش B) جهت اعمال تنش سرما به اتاقک سرماساز منتقل و تحت دمای 4  و 4- درجه سانتی گراد (مدت 6 ساعت در هر دما) قرار داده شد. بر اساس نتایج بیشترین و کمترین محتوای کلروفیل کل مربوط به تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 و  تیمار پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4- بود. بیشترین و کمترین محتوای کاروتنوئید مربوط به تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B و دمای C°24 و  تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 بود. محتوای نسبی آب در تیمارهای بدون پرتو و دمای C°24 بیشترین و در تیمار پرتودهی متوسط و دمای C°4- کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین درصد نشت الکترولیت‌ها در تیمارهای بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°4- و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 مشاهده گردید. محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و پراکسیدهیدروژن تاک‌های تحت تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B تحت دمای C°4- بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 کمترین بود. بیشترین محتوای قند محلول و پروتئین محلول در گیاهان تحت تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4- و کمترین مقدار این ترکیبات در تیمار بدون پرتو فرابنفش B و C°24 مشاهده گردید. محتوای پرولین در تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4 بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتو و دمای C°24 کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات‌پراکسیداز در تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4 و پرتودهی متوسط و دمای C°4- مشاهده گردید. فعالیت آنزیم‌های گایاکول‌پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در گیاهان تحت تیمار متوسط پرتودهی و دمای C°4 بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°4- کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین محتوای فنول و فلاونوئید کل مربوط به تاک‌هایی بود که به ترتیب با پرتو شدید فرابنفش B همراه با دمای C°4 و بدون پرتودهی همراه با C°24 تیمار شده بودند. در کل می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تیمار متوسط پرتو فرابنفش B از طریق انگیزش سامانه‌های آنتی اکسیدانی، تجمع ترکیبات جاذب پرتو فرابنفش B و اسمولیت های سازگاری در گیاه منجر به افزایش توان تحملی آنها در مواجهه با دمای سرمازدگی شد ولی تاثیری بر تحمل به یخ زدگی نداشت. تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B هم در دمای معمولی و هم در دماهای پایین باعث آسیب به غشاءهای سلولی و نکروز برگ شد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of UV-B radiation on physiological and phytochemical indices related to cold tolerance in Yaghooti grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Orooji 1
  • Rouhollah Karimi 2
  • Alireza Shayganfar 3

1 MSc Student in Fruit Science, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Environmental stresses, especially damage caused by frost, often have a significant effect on plant growth and development. In order to adapt to the cold, plants show specific physiological and biochemical responses that lead to an increase in their duirability and survival during exposure to low temperature. The use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to increase cold tolerance and physiological and biochemical changes related to it has been less researched. This is while UV-B is not necessarily a source of stress, but moderate, non-harmful levels of UV-B act as an environmental signal in higher plants and able to induce several key reactions in order to adapt to cold in the plant.
 Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out on rooted seedlings of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Yaghooti in a factorially (3×3) based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Malayer University in the spring and summer of 2022. In the 15-leaf stage, the vines (except for the control) were exposed to two doses of UV-B radiation in the following order: first dose (control): natural light, second dose (moderate): 5.98 kJ m-2 d-1 ( equal to 0.55 W/m2 for 3 hours) and the third dose (severe): 9.66 kJ m-2 d-1 (equal to 0.55 W/m2 for 4.5 hours) was applied to the plants under the natural photoperiod in the greenhouse in June. After applying UV-B radiation treatments, one group of pots was kept in the greenhouse (temperature 24±1 ºC) and another group of pots (control vines and treated with UV-B rays to apply cold stress to the cooling chamber) transferred and placed under the temperature of 4ºC and -4ºC (for 6 hours at each temperature).
Results and Discussion
According to the results, the highest and lowest total chlorophyll content was related to the treatment without irradiation and temperature of 24°C and the treatment of severe irradiation and temperature of -4°C, respectively. The highest and lowest carotenoid content was related to the severe UV-B irradiation treatment and 24°C temperature and the treatment without irradiation and 24°C temperature, respectively. The relative water content was the highest in the treatments without radiation and temperature of 24°C, and the lowest in the treatment of moderate irradiation and temperature of -4°C. The highest and lowest percentages of electrolyte leakage were observed in treatments without irradiation and temperature of -4°C and treatment without irradiation and temperature of 24°C, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide was the highest in the vines under severe UV-B irradiation along with (-4°C) and was the lowest in treatment without irradiation along with 24°C. The highest content of soluble sugar and soluble protein was observed in plants treated with severe irradiation along with (-4°C), and the lowest amount of these compounds was observed in the treatment without UV-B irradiation along with (24°C). The content of proline was the highest in the treatments with severe irradiation along with (4°C), and the lowest in the treatment without radiation and temperature of 24°C. The highest and lowest activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme was observed in the treatments of sever irradiation along with (4°C) and moderate irradiation along with (-4°C), respectively. The activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase enzymes (CAT) were the highest in plants under moderate irradiation along with (4°C), and the lowest activity of these enzymes observed under non-irradiation condition along with (-4°C). The highest and lowest total phenol and flavonoid contents were related to those vines that were treated with sever irradiation along with (4°C) and without UV-B irradiation along with 24°C, respectively.
Conclusion
Totally, it can be concluded that moderate radiation treatment through the stimulation of antioxidant systems, the accumulation of UV-B absorbing compounds and acclimate osmolytes in the plant led to an increase in their tolerance to chilling temperatures (+4°C), but there was no effect on frost tolerance (-4°C). However, sever UV-B irradiation treatment both at normal and low temperatures caused damage to cell membranes and leaf necrosis. Based on the results of application of moderate dose of UV-B rays, it can be used as an elicitor to improve plant antioxidant system and cell membrane stability under chilling temperature (4°C).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Cold stress
  • Flavonoids
  • Grape
  • Soluble sugars
  • UV-B
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 195-212
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هم رسانی
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