تولیدات گیاهی

تولیدات گیاهی

اثر پرتو فرابنفش B بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی مرتبط با تحمل سرما در انگور یاقوتی (Vitis vinifera L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - باغبانی

نویسندگان
احمد عروجی 1
روح الله کریمی 2
علیرضا شایگان فر 3
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد درختان میوه، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
10.22055/ppd.2024.46261.2146
چکیده
این آزمایش روی نهال‌های ریشه‌دار انگور رقم یاقوتی (Vitis vinifera L.) به صورت فاکتوریل (3×3) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ملایر در بهار و تابستان سال 1401 اجرا شد. در مرحله 15 برگی تاک‌ها تحت سه تیمار پرتو فرابنفش B به ترتیب ذیل قرار گرفتند تیمار اول (شاهد): نور طبیعی،  تیمار دوم (متوسط): 98/5 کیلو ژول بر متر مربع در روز (برابر با 55/0 وات در متر مربع به مدت 3 ساعت) و تیمار سوم (شدید): 66/9 کیلو ژول بر متر مربع در روز (برابر با 55/0 وات در متر مربع به مدت 5/4 ساعت). این تیمارها تحت طول روز طبیعی موجود در گلخانه در خرداد ماه به مدت 3 روز روی گیاهان اعمال شد. بعد از اعمال تیمارهای پرتو فرابنفش B ، یک گروه از گلدان‌ها در گلخانه (دمای ºC1±24) نگهداری  و گروه دیگری از گلدان‌ها (تاک-های شاهد و تیمار شده با پرتو فرابنفش B) جهت اعمال تنش سرما به اتاقک سرماساز منتقل و تحت دمای 4  و 4- درجه سانتی گراد (مدت 6 ساعت در هر دما) قرار داده شد. بر اساس نتایج بیشترین و کمترین محتوای کلروفیل کل مربوط به تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 و  تیمار پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4- بود. بیشترین و کمترین محتوای کاروتنوئید مربوط به تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B و دمای C°24 و  تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 بود. محتوای نسبی آب در تیمارهای بدون پرتو و دمای C°24 بیشترین و در تیمار پرتودهی متوسط و دمای C°4- کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین درصد نشت الکترولیت‌ها در تیمارهای بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°4- و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 مشاهده گردید. محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و پراکسیدهیدروژن تاک‌های تحت تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B تحت دمای C°4- بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°24 کمترین بود. بیشترین محتوای قند محلول و پروتئین محلول در گیاهان تحت تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4- و کمترین مقدار این ترکیبات در تیمار بدون پرتو فرابنفش B و C°24 مشاهده گردید. محتوای پرولین در تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4 بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتو و دمای C°24 کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات‌پراکسیداز در تیمارهای پرتودهی شدید و دمای C°4 و پرتودهی متوسط و دمای C°4- مشاهده گردید. فعالیت آنزیم‌های گایاکول‌پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در گیاهان تحت تیمار متوسط پرتودهی و دمای C°4 بیشترین و تیمار بدون پرتودهی و دمای C°4- کمترین بود. بیشترین و کمترین محتوای فنول و فلاونوئید کل مربوط به تاک‌هایی بود که به ترتیب با پرتو شدید فرابنفش B همراه با دمای C°4 و بدون پرتودهی همراه با C°24 تیمار شده بودند. در کل می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تیمار متوسط پرتو فرابنفش B از طریق انگیزش سامانه‌های آنتی اکسیدانی، تجمع ترکیبات جاذب پرتو فرابنفش B و اسمولیت های سازگاری در گیاه منجر به افزایش توان تحملی آنها در مواجهه با دمای سرمازدگی شد ولی تاثیری بر تحمل به یخ زدگی نداشت. تیمار شدید پرتو فرابنفش B هم در دمای معمولی و هم در دماهای پایین باعث آسیب به غشاءهای سلولی و نکروز برگ شد. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
انگور
آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان
پرتو فرابنفش
تنش سرما
فلاونوئید
قندهای محلول
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of UV-B radiation on physiological and phytochemical indices related to cold tolerance in Yaghooti grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Orooji 1
Rouhollah Karimi 2
Alireza Shayganfar 3
1 MSc Student in Fruit Science, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Environmental stresses, especially damage caused by frost, often have a significant effect on plant growth and development. In order to adapt to the cold, plants show specific physiological and biochemical responses that lead to an increase in their duirability and survival during exposure to low temperature. The use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to increase cold tolerance and physiological and biochemical changes related to it has been less researched. This is while UV-B is not necessarily a source of stress, but moderate, non-harmful levels of UV-B act as an environmental signal in higher plants and able to induce several key reactions in order to adapt to cold in the plant.
 Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out on rooted seedlings of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Yaghooti in a factorially (3×3) based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Malayer University in the spring and summer of 2022. In the 15-leaf stage, the vines (except for the control) were exposed to two doses of UV-B radiation in the following order: first dose (control): natural light, second dose (moderate): 5.98 kJ m-2 d-1 ( equal to 0.55 W/m2 for 3 hours) and the third dose (severe): 9.66 kJ m-2 d-1 (equal to 0.55 W/m2 for 4.5 hours) was applied to the plants under the natural photoperiod in the greenhouse in June. After applying UV-B radiation treatments, one group of pots was kept in the greenhouse (temperature 24±1 ºC) and another group of pots (control vines and treated with UV-B rays to apply cold stress to the cooling chamber) transferred and placed under the temperature of 4ºC and -4ºC (for 6 hours at each temperature).
Results and Discussion
According to the results, the highest and lowest total chlorophyll content was related to the treatment without irradiation and temperature of 24°C and the treatment of severe irradiation and temperature of -4°C, respectively. The highest and lowest carotenoid content was related to the severe UV-B irradiation treatment and 24°C temperature and the treatment without irradiation and 24°C temperature, respectively. The relative water content was the highest in the treatments without radiation and temperature of 24°C, and the lowest in the treatment of moderate irradiation and temperature of -4°C. The highest and lowest percentages of electrolyte leakage were observed in treatments without irradiation and temperature of -4°C and treatment without irradiation and temperature of 24°C, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide was the highest in the vines under severe UV-B irradiation along with (-4°C) and was the lowest in treatment without irradiation along with 24°C. The highest content of soluble sugar and soluble protein was observed in plants treated with severe irradiation along with (-4°C), and the lowest amount of these compounds was observed in the treatment without UV-B irradiation along with (24°C). The content of proline was the highest in the treatments with severe irradiation along with (4°C), and the lowest in the treatment without radiation and temperature of 24°C. The highest and lowest activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme was observed in the treatments of sever irradiation along with (4°C) and moderate irradiation along with (-4°C), respectively. The activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase enzymes (CAT) were the highest in plants under moderate irradiation along with (4°C), and the lowest activity of these enzymes observed under non-irradiation condition along with (-4°C). The highest and lowest total phenol and flavonoid contents were related to those vines that were treated with sever irradiation along with (4°C) and without UV-B irradiation along with 24°C, respectively.
Conclusion
Totally, it can be concluded that moderate radiation treatment through the stimulation of antioxidant systems, the accumulation of UV-B absorbing compounds and acclimate osmolytes in the plant led to an increase in their tolerance to chilling temperatures (+4°C), but there was no effect on frost tolerance (-4°C). However, sever UV-B irradiation treatment both at normal and low temperatures caused damage to cell membranes and leaf necrosis. Based on the results of application of moderate dose of UV-B rays, it can be used as an elicitor to improve plant antioxidant system and cell membrane stability under chilling temperature (4°C).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antioxidant enzymes
Cold stress
Flavonoids
Grape
Soluble sugars
UV-B
Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24:1–15.
Bagheri, M., Motafakkerazad, R., Salehi Lisar, S. Y. & Talebpour, A. (2020). Effects of different levels of ultraviolet (UV) on growth and some secondary metabolites of the Hairy St. Jonh’s wort (Hypericum hirsutum L.). Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Iran, 3(1), 92-114. [In Persian]
Bates, L., Waldren, R. P. & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 13, 39-250.
Beck, E. H., Heim, R. & Hansen, J. (2004). Plant resistance to cold stress: mechanisms and environmental signals triggering frost hardening and dehardening. Journal of Biosciences, 29, 449-459.
Bergmeyer, H. U. (1970). Methods of enzymatic analysis. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 636-647.
Berli, F. J., Alonso, R., Beltrano, J. & Bottini, R. (2015). High -altitude solar UV -B and abscisic acid sprays increase grape berry antioxidant capacity. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 66, 65 -72.
Bradford, M. M. (1976). Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
Burchard, P., Bilger, W. & Weissenböck, G. (2000). Contribution of hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids to epidermal shielding of UV-A and UV-B radiation in developing rye primary leaves as assessed by ultraviolet-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant, Cell and Environment, 23(12), 1373-1380.
Centritto, M., Loreto, F., Massacci, A., Pietrini, F., Villani, M. C. & Zacchini, M. (2000) Improved growth and water use efficiency of cherry saplings under reduced light intensity. Ecological Research, 15, 385-392.
Cerovic, Z. G., Ounis, A., Cartelat, A., Latouche, G., Goulas, Y., Meyer, S. & Moya, I. (2002). The use of chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra for the non-destructive in situ assessment of UV-absorbing compounds in leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 25, 1663-1676.
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. & Chern, J. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal Food Drug Analaysis, 10, 178-182.
Doupis, G., Chartzoulakis, K., Beis, A. & Patakas, A. (2011). Allometric and biochemical responses of grapevines subjected to drought and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 17, 36-42.
Erdal, S. (2012). Androsterone-induced molecular and physiological changes in maize seedlings in response to chilling stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 57, 1-7.
Ershadi, A., Karimi, R. & Mahdei, K. N. (2016). Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates, proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38(2), 1-10.
Foyer, C. H. & Noctor, G. (2003). Redox sensing and signalling associated with reactive oxygen in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Physiologia Plantarum, 119, 355-364.
Frohnmeyer, H. & Staiger, D. (2003). Ultraviolet-B radiation-mediated responses in plants. Balancing damage and protection. Plant physiology, 133(4), 1420-1428.
Hana, B. & Bischof, J. C. (2004). Direct cell injury associated with eutectic crystallization during freezing. Cryobiology, 48, 8-21.
Heath, R. L. & Packer, L. (1968). Photo-peroxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys, 125,189–198.
Herzog, V. & Fahimi, H. D. (1973). Determination of the activity of peroxidase. Analytica Chimica Acta, 55, 554–562.
Hideg, E., Jansen, M. A. & Strid, A. (2013). UV-B exposure, ROS, and stress: inseparable companions or loosely linked associates? Trends in Plant Science, 18, 107-115.
Irigoyen, J. J., Emerich, D. W. & Sanchez-Diaz. M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84, 55-60.
Jadidi, M., Mumivand, H., Ehteshamnya, A. & Shayganfar, A. (2022). Effect of light intensity and UV radiation on morpho-physiological charactrestics and biomass of Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Heritier). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 11(48), 299-314. [In Persian].
Jansen, M. A. & Bornman, J. F. (2012). UV-B radiation: from generic stressor to specific regulator. Physiologia Plantarum, 145, 501-504.
Jordan, B. R. (2002). Molecular response of plant to UV-B stress. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 909-916.
Kalbina, I. & Strid, Å. (2006). The role of NADPH oxidase and MAP kinase phosphatase in UV‐B‐dependent gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant, Cell and Environment, 29(9),1783-1793.
Karimi, R. & Ershadi, A. (2015). Role of exogenous abscisic acid in adapting of ‘Sultana’ grapevine to low temperature stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 37(8), 1-11.
Karimi, R. (2020). Cold Hardiness evaluation of 20 commercial table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(3), 433-450.
Karimi, R. (2014). Evaluation of nutrition and abscisic acid efficacy on cold hardiness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Bu-Ali Sina University. Doctoral dissertation. p, 240. [In Persian].
Karimi, R., Ershadi, A., Rezaei Nejad, A., & Khanizadeh, S. (2016). Abscisic acid alleviates the deleterious effects of cold stress on ‘Sultana’grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants by improving the anti-oxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity of leaves. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 91(4), 386-395.
Kasuga, J., Arakawa, K. & Fujikawa, S. (2007). High accumulation of soluble sugars in deep supercooling Japanese white birch xylem parenchyma cells. New Phytologist, 174(3), 569-579.
Kirnak, H., Kaya, C., Tas, I., & Higgs, D. (2001). The influence of water deficit on vegetative growth, physiology, fruit yield and quality in eggplants. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol, 27(3-4), 34-46.
Loreto, F., & Velikova, V. (2001). Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage, quenches ozone products, and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Plant Physiology, 127(4), 1781-1787.
Lukatkin, A. S. (2002). Contribution of oxidative stress to the development of cold-induced damage to leaves of chilling-sensitive plants: 2. The activity of antioxidant enzymes during plant chilling. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 49(6), 782-788.
Martínez-Lüscher, J., Torres, N., Hilbert, G., Richard, T., Sánchez-Díaz, M., Delrot, S., ... & Gomès, E. (2014). Ultraviolet-B radiation modifies the quantitative and qualitative profile of flavonoids and amino acids in grape berries. Phytochemistry, 102, 106-114.
Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and cell physiology, 22(5), 867-880.
Nemati, Z., Nemati, S. H., Mirshamsi Kakhki, A. & Nabati, J. (2021). Comparison of physiological indices in response to cold stress in wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites) for screening of cold tolerant lines. Plant Productions, 44(3), 395-406. [In Persian]
Núñez-Olivera, E., Martínez-Abaigar, J., Tomás, R., Otero, S., & Arróniz-Crespo, M. (2006). Physiological effects of solar ultraviolet-B exclusion on two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. from La Rioja, Spain. American journal of enology and viticulture, 57(4), 441-448.
Pontin, M. A., Piccoli, P. N., Francisco, R., Bottini, R., Martinez-Zapater, J. M., & Lijavetzky, D. (2010). Transcriptome changes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Malbec leaves induced by ultraviolet-B radiation. BMC Plant Biology, 10, 1-13.
Rajabi, R. & Pourdad S. S. (2011). A study on cold resistance in safflower varieties and lines by physiological and biochemical indices. Plant Productions, 33(2), 1-14. [In Persian].
Rezayi Far, Z., Fallahi, S. & Gholinezhad, E. (2018). The effect of drought stress and ultraviolet on antioxidant defensive system of enzyme and non-enzyme in three varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 7(24): 155-170. [In Persian]
Shayganfar, A., Azizi, M. & Rasouli, M. (2018). Various strategies elicited and modulated by elevated UV-B radiation and protectant compounds in Thymus species: Differences in response over treatments, acclimation and interaction. Industrial Crops and Products 113, 298-307.
Takshak, S. & Agrawal, S. B. (2014). Effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on biomass production, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants in Withania somnifera. Biologia plantarum. 58(2), 328- 334.
Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L. & Oomah, B. D. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chememistery, 46, 4113–4117.
Wagner, G. J. (1979). Content and vacuole/extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, ferr aminoacids and anthocyanins in protoplasts. Plant Physiology, 64, 87-93.
Williams, T. B., Dodd, I. C., Sobeih, W. Y., & Paul, N. D. (2022). Ultraviolet radiation causes leaf warming due to partial stomatal closure. Horticulture Research, 9, 1-13.
Zhang, Y., Zheng, S., Liu, Z., Wang, L., & Bi, Y. (2011). Both HY5 and HYH are necessary regulators for low temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168(4), 367-374.
Zlatev, Z. S., Lidon, F. J. & Kaimakanova, M. (2012). Plant physiological responses to UV-B radiation. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 24 (6), 481-501.
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 2
تابستان 1403
صفحه 195-212