نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - سبزی و صیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد سبزی‌ها، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

کلم بروکلی (Brassica oleracea var. italica)، از خانواده براسیکاسه و جنس براسیکا، یکی از واریته‌های کلم‌ محسوب می‌گردد که گل نارس سبزرنگ آن خوراکی بوده و ارزش غذایی بالایی دارد. کشت گیاه بروکلی، بهاره یا پاییزه است و در مراحل اولیه به شرایط خیلی سرد و خشکی حساس می‌باشد. کاهش ناگهانی دما در زمستان‌های شمال کشور، خطری جدی برای برخی گونه‌های سبزی از جمله کلم بروکلی محسوب می‌گردد. در این پژوهش برای بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای ضدتنش بر افزایش تحمل نشای کلم‌ بروکلی به تنش سرمای ناگهانی (منفی 2 درجه سلسیوس به مدت 12 ساعت)، آزمایشی در قالب  طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار شامل شاهد، ساکارز 1 درصد، سیلیکات پتاسیم 2/0 درصد، بردوفیکس 2/0 درصد، ساکارز+سیلیکات پتاسیم، ساکارز+بردوفیکس، سیلیکات پتاسیم+بردوفیکس و ساکارز+سیلیکات پتاسیم+بردوفیکس انجام شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده یک هفته بعد از اعمال تنش سرمای ناگهانی نشان داد که تأثیر تیمارهای به‌کاررفته بر شاخص‌های مختلف رشد رویشی کلم بروکلی شامل ارتفاع ساقه، تعداد برگ، وزن خشک هوایی، وزن تر ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه، از نیز آماری معنی‌دار نبود. از نظر عملکرد کوآنتومی خاموشی غیرفتوشیمیایی، بیشترین مقدار این شاخص در تیمار شاهد و سیلیکات‌پتاسیم تنها دیده شد که به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به تمامی تیمارهای دیگر بیشتر بود. کمترین میزان عملکرد کوآنتومی خاموشی غیرفتوشیمیایی در تیمار سیلیکات‌پتاسیم+بردوفیکس دیده شد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با دو تیمار ساکارز+سیلیکات‌پتاسیم و تیمار سه‌گانه (ساکارز+ سیلیکات‌پتاسیم+ بردوفیکس) نداشت. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در تیمار ساکارز تنها (26/50 درصد مهار) دیده شد که اختلاف معنی داری با دو تیمار ساکارز+سیلیکات پتاسیم و بردوفیکس تنها نداشت، ولی هر سه این تیمارها نسبت به سایر تیمارهای بکارفته در این آزمایش از نظر آماری برتر بودند. در میزان قند محلول نیز دو تیمار سیلیکات پتاسیم تنها و تیمار سه‌گانه، بهتر از شاهد بودند و سایر تیمارها در مقایسه با شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان ندادند. بیشترین نشت‌یونی در تیمار ساکارز+بردوفیکس دیده شد که نسبت به شاهد و تمامی تیمارهای دیگر بیشتر بود. بیشترین میزان پرولین در تیمار ساکارز+سیلیکات پتاسیم دیده شد، که به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به همه تیمارهای دیگر برتر بود. از آنجایی‌که در تیمار سیلیکات پتاسیم+بردوفیکس وضعیت شاخص‌های مختلف آنتی‌اکسیدانی و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی بالا نبوده است، لذا مکانیسم تأثیر این تیمار در تعدیل تنش سرمای ناگهانی مرتبط با سیستم دفاعی آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه نبوده و احتمالا به اثر مستقیم عناصر مس، سیلیسیم و پتاسیم برمی‌گردد. نتیجه‌گیری کلی این آزمایش نشان می‌‎دهد که تیمارهای برتر این آزمایش سیلیکات پتاسیم+بردوفیکس و ساکارز+سیلیکات پتاسیم بودند که توانستند تحمل نشای کلم بروکلی به تنش سرمای ناگهانی را افزایش دهند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the morphological and phytochemical response of broccoli seedling to the application of sucrose, Bordeaux mixture and potassium silicate under sudden cold stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Nickkhoo 1
  • Kamran Ghasemi 2
  • Vahid Akbarpour 3

1 Former Master's Student in Vegetables, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Broccoli is a one of the vegetables that has a very high nutritional value and it is cultivated in many countries all around the world. Due to the intensification of climate change, sudden drops in temperature during the winter in northern countries pose a serious threat to some vegetable species, including broccoli. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sucrose, potassium silicate, and Bordeaux mixture on increasing the tolerance of broccoli seedlings to sudden cold stress. 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, three replications, and three samples per each replication. The treatments included: control, sucrose1%, potassium silicate 0.2%, Bordeaux mixture 0.2%, sucrose + potassium silicate, sucrose + Bordeaux mixture, potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture, and sucrose + potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture. 
Results and Discussion
The effect of the treatments on the growth of broccoli seedlings one week after exposure to low temperature stress, including stem height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight, was not statistically significant. The highest concentration of chlorophyll b (1.647 mg/g fresh weight) was obtained in the Bordeaux mixture treatment which along with the combined treatment of sucrose + potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture were the only treatments that showed a significant superiority compared to the control. The highest transpiration rate among the tested treatments was observed in the sucrose + Bordeaux mixture treatment, which did not show a significant difference compared to the three-component treatment of sucrose + potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture, but showed a significant superiority compared to the other treatments. The foliar application of Bordeaux mixture caused a higher stomatal conductance compared to the control after a temperature stress of -2 °C, but the other treatments did not show a significant difference compared to the control. In terms of the non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)), the highest Y(NPQ), was observed in the control and potassium silicate treatments, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. Meanwhile, the lowest level of this index was observed in the potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatment, which did not show a significant difference compared to the sucrose + potassium silicate, sucrose + potassium, and silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatments. The highest level of antioxidant activity was observed only in the sucrose treatment and the sucrose + potassium silicate and Bordeaux mixture treatments, which were superior to all other treatments without any significant difference among them. In terms of total phenolic content, only the sucrose+ Bordeaux mixture treatment showed a significant superiority compared to the control, and the other treatments did not show a significant difference from the control. In the trait of soluble sugar content, the sole potassium silicate and the three-component treatments were better than the control, and the other treatments did not show a significant difference compared to the control. The highest ion leakage was observed in the sucrose + Bordeaux mixture treatment, which was higher than the control and all other treatments. The lowest ion leakage was also observed in the sucrose + potassium silicate and potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatments, although the difference between them and the control and potassium silicate-only treatments was not significant. The highest level of proline was observed in the sucrose+potassium silicate treatment, which was significantly superior to all other treatments. 
Conclusion
Sucrose+potassium silicate treatment improved the defense system of the plant against sudden cold stress by increasing the amount of carotenoid and proline, and as a result of these activities, the antioxidant of the whole plant and higher chlorophyll also increased. Also, this treatment showed low ion leakage and low non-photochemical quenching, which can show higher sudden cold tolerance. Another favorable treatment was potassium silicate + bordeaux mixture which produced a higher assimilation rate, although this photosynthetic production did not affect the biomass, but since the ion leakage was low and caused the lowest Y(NPQ), it can be said that the plant in this treatment receive lower stress. Overall, considering all the evaluated traits, the top-performing treatment in this experiment was the potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatment, followed by the sucrose + potassium silicate treatment.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cole crops
  • Carbohydrate
  • Ice maker bacteria
  • Silica
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