تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

اثر محلول‌پاشی سولفات پتاسیم و سیلیسیم بر برخی خصوصیات میوه انار رقم ملس ساوه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - میوه های گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی (بیوتکنولوژی)، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

تولید انار در ایران، به عنوان یکی از مهمترین کشورهای تولید کننده انار دنیا، با چالش‌هایی روبرو می‌باشد. ترک-خوردگی میوه انار یکی از مهمترین این چالش‌ها می‌باشد که باعث کاهش بسیار زیاد در کیفیت میوه‌های تولیدی گردیده و هر ساله صدمات اقتصادی بسیار زیادی به باغداران تحمیل می‌کند. مدیریت صحیح باغ، بخصوص عملیات داشت مناسب، می‌تواند نقش بسیار مهمی در کنترل این عارضه و کاهش صدمات ناشی از آن داشته باشد. تغذیه مناسب گیاه از جمله موارد تاثیر گذار در این زمینه می‌باشد که می‌تواند با بهبود شرایط فیزیولوژیکی گیاه و میوه در کاهش این عارضه موثر باشد. در این پژوهش، اثرات محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم و سولفات پتاسیم بر میزان ترک-خوردگی و برخی از خصوصیات کمی و کیفی میوه انار بررسی شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم در چهار سطح (صفر، 100، 300 و 500 پی‌پی‌ام) در ترکیب با سولفات پتاسیم در سه سطح (صفر، 75/0 و 5/1 درصد)، روی انار رقم ملس ساوه کشت شده در سال 1401 روی یکی از باغات تجاری انار واقع شده در شهرستان چرداول استان ایلام انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی سه بار در طول فصل رشد تکرار شدند. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که اکثر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه تحت تأثیر محلول‌پاشی ترکیبات مذکور قرار گرفتند. همچنین نتایج مطالعه نشان داد محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم، سولفات پتاسیم و اثر متقابل بین آنها بر میزان ترک‌خوردگی میوه انار معنی‌دار است. بیشترین ترک‌خوردگی میوه (87/27 درصد) در درختان شاهد ثبت شد وکمترین آن (64/2 درصد) در محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم 500 پی‌پی‌ام و سولفات پتاسیم 75/0 درصد به دست آمد. همچنین محلولپاشی با سیلیسیم و سولفات پتاسیم علاوه بر کاهش ترکیدگی میوه باعث بهبود دیگر صفات میوه هم گردید، به‌طوریکه بیشترین میزان وزن میوه با مقدار 204 گرم در تیمار سولفات پتاسیم 5/1 درصد مشاهده شد و کمترین مقدار آن (144 گرم) در نمونه شاهد ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد هر دو تیمار استفاده شده بر وزن میوه تاثیر گذاشته و باعث افزایش وزن میوه و آریل نسبت به شاهد شدند. در مجموع، بر اساس نتایج حاصل شده از این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که محلول‌پاشی ترکیبی سیلیسیم با سولفات پتاسیم نسبت به تیمارهای انفرادی آنها کارآمدتر بوده و منجر به بهبود عملکرد، کیفیت میوه و همچنین کاهش ترک‌خوردگی میوه گردید که نشان می-دهد بین این ترکیبات اثرات هم افزایی وجود دارد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش استفاده همزمان از سیلیسیم و سولفات پتاسیم بعنوان راهکاری عملی برای کاهش عارضه ترکیدگی میوه و بهبود کمی و کیفی میوه انار پیشنهاد می‌گردد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Foliar application of silica and potassium sulphate on some characteristics of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Abdollahi 1
  • Abdolkarim Zarei 2
  • Javad Erfani-Moghadam 3
  • Mahmood Rostaminia 4

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic (Plant Biotechnology), Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Water and Soil Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit-bearing species with a long history of cultivation in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Pomegranate production in Iran, as the main pomegranate producer in the world, is faced with different challenges. Fruit cracking is one of the serious disorders in pomegranate that cause significant reduction in the quality of fruit and subsequent economic damages to the pomegranate producers annually. Fruit cracking can be controlled to some extent by appropriate orchard management. Proper orchard fertilization is among the influential cases that can lead to the improvement in the physiological state of trees in favor of reducing the fruit cracking. 
Materials and methods
In this study, the effects of silicon and potassium sulfate spraying were investigated on the fruit cracking and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of four levels of silica (0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm) and three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 0.75%, and 1.5%) spraying on the fruit of pomegranate cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’, one of the most important pomegranate varieties of Iran. The treatments were applied three times during the growing season. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized block design in three replicates. Data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software and the means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.
 Results and Discussion
The results indicated that most of the qualitative and quantitative traits were influenced by foliar spraying of these substances. Also, the results indicated that foliar application of silica, potassium sulfate, and their interaction significantly affected the fruit cracking. According to the results, the lowest fruit cracking (2.64%) was obtained by spraying 500 ppm silica and 0.75% potassium sulfate, while the highest fruit cracking (27.87%) was recorded from control plants. The highest fruit weight (204 g) was recorded in the treatment of 1.5% potassium sulfate and the lowest fruit weight (144 g) was recorded from untreated plants. Most of the treatments had a positive effect on fruit and aril weight and increased this character compared to the control. Spraying with 500 ppm silica and 1.5% potassium sulfate resulted in the highest (39.69 g) 100 arils weight, while control plants had the lowest (29.14) 100 arils weight. Silica and potassium sulfate treatment also improve the total soluble solid and titratable acidity in the fruit juice of pomegranate.
 Conclusion
The data obtained from this study could provide valuable insights into the effects of proper fertilization in reducing one of the main pomegranate disorders. Overall, the results indicated that combined spraying of silica (500 ppm) with potassium sulfate (1.5%) is more effective than their individual use and results in the higher fruit yield and quality, as well as a lower cracking disorder. These findings suggest that there are synergistic effects between these compounds. According to the results of this investigation simultaneous application of silica and potassium is suggested as a practical strategy in orchard management practices that could be beneficial for improving qualitative and quantitative attributes of pomegranate fruit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aril
  • Fruit cracking
  • Fruit quality
  • Nutrition
  • Potassium
مراجع
Ahmed, M., Akl, M., Moawad, A., Mohamed, A., Hamdy, M., Ibrahim, I. & Mohamed, H. (2015). Productive capacity of Manfalouty pomegranate trees in relation to spraying of silicon and vitamins B. World Rural Observations, 7 (1), 108-118.
Ali A., Summers L. L., Klein G. J. & Lovatt C. J. (2000). Albedo breakdown in California. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 2, 1090-1093
Ali, M. M., Yousef, A. F., Li, B. & Chen, F. (2021). Effect of environmental factors on growth and development of fruits. Tropical Plant Biology, 14, 226–238. doi: 10.1007/s12042-021-09291-6.
Al-Saif, A. M., Mosa, W.F., Saleh, A. A., Ali, M. M., Sas-Paszt, L., Abada, H. S. & Abdel-Sattar, M. (2022). Yield and fruit quality response of pomegranate (Punica granatum) to foliar spray of potassium, calcium and kaolin. Horticulturae, 8(10), 2-16.
Altieri, M.A. & Nicholls C. I. (2003). Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research, 72, 203-211. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00089-8
Amin A., Al-Abbasi, G. & Alkurdi, H. (2020). Effect of foliar spray with nano-optimus plus and potassium chelated with amino acids in some growth characters of Citrus aurantifolia L. Saplings. Plant Archives, 20, 897–900.
Behzsadi-Shahrebabaki, H., Ranjbar, V., Hoseinina, M. & Asadi, E. (2004). Guide for Pomegranate (Planting, Practices, Harvesting). Agricultural Education Publication. (In Persian)
Chang, B. M. & Keller, M. (2021). Cuticle and skin cell walls have common and unique roles in grape berry splitting. Horticultural Reserches, 8, 168. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00602-2.
Cronje, P. J., Stander, O. P. & Theron, K. I. (2013). Fruit splitting in citrus. Horticaltural Reviews, 41, 177–200.
Davarpanah, S., Aakari, M., Babalar, M., Zarei, M. & Aghayeh, R. (2017). Effect of foliar application of phosphorus, potassium and iron on physical and chemical properties of pomegranate fruit. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(3), 693-706.
Dhillon, W. S., Gill, P. P. S. & Singh, N. P. (2011). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on growth, yield and quality of pomegranate 'Kandhari'. Acta Horticulturae, 890, 327-332.
Epstein, E. (1999). Silicon, Annl. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant molecular biology, 50, 641-664.
Fageria, N. K., Dos Santos, A. B. & De Moraes, M. F. (2010). Yield, potassium uptake, and use efficiency in upland rice genotypes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41(22), 2676-2684.
Fang, J. B., L. L., Chen, J. Y., Zhang, W. Y. & Li, S. H. (2002). Influence of sink or source change on fruit characteristic in kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 29(2), 113-118.
Gao, J., Su, Y., Yu, M., Huang, Y., Wang, F. & Shen, A. (2021). Potassium alleviates post-anthesis photosynthetic reductions in winter wheat caused by waterlogging at the stem elongation stage. Frontier in Plant Science, 11, 1982. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607475.
Ghasemi, K., Ghajar Sepanlou, M. & Hadadinejad, M. (2020). Effect of Silicon nutrition on strawberry cv. Camerosa yield and growth in outdoor hydroponic system. Plant Production, 43(1), 93-106. [In Persian]
Gunes, A., Inal, A., Bagci, E. G., Coban, S. & Sahin, O. (2007). Silicon increases boron tolerance and reduces oxidative damage of wheat grown in soil with excess boron. Biologia plantarum, 51, 571-574.
Hegazi, A., Samra, N. R., El-Baz, E. E. T., Khalil, B. M. & Gawish, M. S. (2014). Improving fruit quality of manfaloty and wonderfull pomegranates by using bagging and some spray. Journal Plant Production, 5 (5), 779-792.
Hepaksoy, S., Aksoy, U., Can, H. Z. & Ui, M. A. (2000). Determination of relationship between fruit cracking and some physiological responses, leaf characteristics and nutritional status of some pomegranate varieties. Ciheam - Options Mediterraneennes, 42, 81-86.
Hernández, F., Legua, P., Martínez, R., Melgarejo, P. & Martínez, J. J. (2014). Fruit quality characterization of seven pomegranate accessions (Punica granatum L.) grown in Southeast of Spain. Scientia Horticulturae, 175, 174-180.
Hosein-Beigi, M., Zarei, A., Rostaminia, M. & Erfani-Moghadam, M. (2019). Positive effects of foliar application of Ca, B and GA3 on the qualitative and quantitative traits of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. ‘Malase-Torshe- Saveh’. Scientia Horticulturae, 254, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.081
Jiao, Y., Sha, C. & Shu, Q. (2022). Integrated physiological and metabolomic analyses of the effect of potassium fertilizer on Citrus fruit splitting. Plants (Basel), 12;11(4):499. doi: 10.3390/plants11040499.
Khadivi-Khub, A. (2015). Physiological and genetic factors influencing fruit cracking. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 37(1), 1-14.
Khalil, H. A. & Aly, H. S. (2013). Cracking and fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as affected by pre-harvest sprays of some growth regulators and mineral nutrients. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 5, 71-76.
Khayyat, M., Tehranifar, A., Zaree, M., Karimian, Z., Aminifard, M. H., Vazifeshenas, M. R., Amini, S., Noori Y. & Shakeri, M. (2012). Effects of potassium nitrate spraying on fruit characteristics of ‘Malas Yazdi’pomegranate. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35(9), 1387-1393.
Liang, Y., Nikolic, M., Bélanger, R., Gong, H. & Song, A. (2015). Silicon in agriculture from theory to practice. Springer.
Mengel, K. (2007). Potassium. In Handbook of Plant Nutrition, 1st ed.; Barker, A.V., Pilbeam, D.J., Eds.; CRC Taylor and Francis: New York, NY, USA, pp. 91–120.
Mohamed, H. M., Omran, M. A. A. & Mohamed, S. M. (2019). Effect of foliar spraying of some materials on protecting Murcott mandarin fruits from sunburn injuries. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 8, 514–524.
Mokhtarzadeh, Z. & Shahsavar, A. R. (2020). Effects of gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate on pomegranate fruit splitting and fruit characteristics. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 85(3), 237-245.
Olyaie Torshiz, A., Goldansaz, S. H., Motesharezadeh, B., Asgari-Sarcheshmeh, M. A. & Zarei, A. (2017). Effect of organic and biological fertilizers on pomegranate trees: yield, cracking, sunburning and infestation to pomegranate fruit moth ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal Crop Protection, 6 (3), 327–340.
Olyaie Torshiz, A., Goldansaz, S. H., Motesharezadeh, B., Askari, M. A. & Zarei, A. (2020). The influence of fertilization on pomegranate susceptibility to infestation by Ectomyelois ceratoniae. Internationa Journal of Fruit Science, 20 (3), S1156-S1173, doi: 10.1080/15538362.2020.1778602
Patil, A., Durgude, A., Pharande, A., Kadlag, A. & Nimbalkar, C. (2017). Effect of calcium silicate as a silicon source on growth and yield of rice plants. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5, 545–549.
Pavlovic, J., Kostic, L., Bosnic, P., Kirkby, E. A. & Nikolic, M. (2021). Interactions of silicon with essential and beneficial elements in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697592.
Ranganathan, S., Suvarchala, V., Rajesh, Y. B. R. D., Srinivasa Prasad, M., Padmakumari, A. P. & Voleti, S. R. (2006). Effects of silicon sources on its deposition, chlorophyll content, and disease and pest resistance in rice. Biologia plantarum, 50, 713-716.
Rashno nezhad, F., Moallemi, N. & Mortazavi, S. M. H. (2015). Effects of harvesting time and fruit size on physical and biochemical properties of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Rabab Neiriz’ in Ghalletol-Baghmalak. Plant Production, 39(3), 27-38. [In Persian]
Reddy, P.A. & Prasad, D. M. (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on fruit characters and yield of pomegranateA (Punica granatum L.) cv. Ganesh. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2(2): 91-93.
Savreet, S. & Bal, J. (2013). Quality improvement in lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) through integrated management of fruit cracking. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 3552–3557. doi: 10.5897/AJAR2013.6876.
Shahid, S. A., Abdelfattah, M. A., Abdelfattah, M. A., Wilson, M. A., Kelley, J. A. & Chiaretti, J. V. (2014). Soil Classification. In: United Arab Emirates Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7420-9_1
Sheikh, M. K. & Manjula, N. (2009). Effect of split application of N and K on growth and fruiting in Ganesh pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture, 4, 91-94.
Singh, A., Shukla, A. K. & Meghwal, P. R. (2020). Fruit cracking in pomegranate: extent, cause, and management–A Review. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20, 1234-1253.
Srivastava, A. K. & Singh, S. (2003). Diagnostics of citrus nutrition. In: Citrus Nutrition, 1rd Edition. International book distribution Company, Springer, Dordrecht, Lucknow, India. pp. 237-287
Wassel, A. H., Gobara, A., Ibrahiem, H. & Shaaban-Mai, M. (2015). Response of wonderful pomegranate trees to foliar application of amino acids, vitamins B and silicon. World Rural Observations, 73, 91-95.
Xu, H. j., Johkan, M., Maruo, T., Kagawa, N. & Tsukagoshi, S. (2021). New insight on low-K lettuce: from photosynthesis to primary and secondary metabolites. HortScience, 56, 407–413.
Yuan, Z., Fang, Y., Zhang, T., Fei, Z., Han, F., Liu, C., Liu, M., Xiao, W., Zhang, W., Zhang, M., Ju. Y., Xu, H., Dai. H., Liu. Y., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Zhou, J., Guan, D., Yan, M., Xia, Y., Huang, X., Liu, D., Wei, H. & Zhang, M. (2018). The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genome provides insights into fruit quality and ovule developmental biology. Plant biotechnology journal, 3, 1-21.
Zarei, A. (2017). Biochemical and pomological characterization of pomegranate accessions in Fars province of Iran. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 49 (2), 155-167.
Zarei, A., Zamani, Z. & Sarkhosh, A. (2020). Biodiversity, germplasm resources and breeding methods. in: Sarkhosh A, Yavari AM, Zamani Z, (Eds), The Pomegranate: Botany, Production and Uses, CABI publication, 94: 596 PP.
Zhang, J., Ding, J., Ibrahim, M., Jiao, X., Song, X., Bai, P. & Li, J. (2021). Effects of the interaction between vapor-pressure deficit and potassium on the photosynthesis system of tomato seedlings under low temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 283, 110089. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110089.
Ziogas, V., Bravos, N. & Hussain, S. B. (2022). Preharvest foliar application of Si–Ca-based biostimulant affects postharvest quality and shelf-life of Clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan). Horticulturae, 8(11), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110996
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 309-321
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار