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بررسی کنترل تلفیقی علف های هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و صفات کیفی کلزا در تناوب با ذرت

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - علوم علف های هرز

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌ آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

علف‌های هرزیکی از  عوامل کاهش­ دهنده محصولات کشاورزی  است خاکورزی حفاظتی و باقی گذاشتن  بقایای گیاهی بر سطح خاک موجب کاهش تبخیر و تعرق از سطح خاک و کنترل  علف‌های هرز می گردد. این پژوهش در قالب طرح آماری  بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی به صورت  کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده با 3 تکرار درمزرعه آموزشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز درسال 1401-1400 اجرا گردید. خاکورزی متناوب در سه سطح بدون خاکورزی-بدون خاکورزی، کم­ خاکورزی- خاکورزی متداول و خاکورزی متداول- بدون خاکورزی در کرت های اصلی و  کنترل علف هرز در شش سطح شاهد (بدون اعمال تیمار)، وجین دستی (20 و 40 روز بعد از کاشت)،علف‌کش سیکلوکسیدم 2 لیتر در هکتار به صورت پس رویشی و تقسیط 15 و 30 روز بعد از کاشت، علف‌کش سیکلوکسیدم 2 لیتر در هکتار 30 روز بعد از کاشت به صورت پس رویشی+ بقایای گیاهی ذرت (5 تن در هکتار) و علف‌کش سیکلوکسیدم 5/1 لیتر در هکتار به صورت پس رویشی 30 روز بعد از کاشت + بقایای گیاهی ذرت (5 تن در هکتار)  در کرت های فرعی مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین تعداد دانه در خورجین، بالاترین عملکرد دانه، بالاترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی و درصد روغن در تیمار مربوط به اثرات متقابل خاکورزی متداول-بدون خاکورزی و وجین دستی علف‌های هرز بود. اما بالاترین تعداد خورجین در بوته و وزن هزاردانه در شرایط خاکورزی متداول-بدون‌خاکورزی و کاربرد علف‌کش سیکلوکسیدم 2 لیتر در هکتار به‌صورت تقسیط مشاهده شد. استفاده خاکورزی متداول و کاربرد علف‌کش سیکلوکسیدم 2 لیتر در هکتار به‌صورت تقسیط یا وجین دستی می­تواند در مهار علف‌های هرز و افزایش عملکرد گیاه کلزا مؤثر باشد. بالاترین میزان فسفر دانه با (63/11) کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار مربوط به اثرات متقابل خاکورزی متداول-بدون خاکورزی و وجین دستی علف‌های هرز بود و کمترین میزان فسفر دانه با (57/7) کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار بدون خاکورزی-بدون خاکورزی و عدم کنترل علف‌های هرز مشاهده شد. .  با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، عدم خاکورزی در کشت پاییزه کلزا با استفاده از بقایای ذرت و استفاده مقدار کاهش یافته علفکش، باعث عدم تاخیر در کشت به موقع این محصول استراتژیک می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating integrated weed control on yield and yield components and qualitative traits of canola in rotation with corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negar Atashbar 1
  • Ali Monsefi 2
  • Esfandiar Fateh 3

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics Department. Faculty of Agriculture. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics Department. Faculty of Agriculture. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Genetic and Plant Production Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Conservation tillage practices and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface have a positive effect on crop yields by reducing the germination and establishment of weeds during crop growth. The presence of weeds is one of the most important factors that reduce agricultural products in the world and it leads to a large reduction in the yield of agricultural products. Weeds, as one of the effective limiting factors for canola cultivation, cause a decrease in the yield of canola due to the competition in absorbing the environmental resources of growth such as nutrients, radiation, and water. On the other hand, mixing weed seeds with canola reduces the quality of its oil. Therefore, this experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of weeds and alternating plowing on the yield and some agricultural characteristics of canola in the conditions of Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of sequential tillage and weed management, research was conducted in the year 2021-2022 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. The lay out of this research was an experimental design of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factor of tillage in three levels: 1) zero tillage-zero tillage, 2) reduce tillage-conventional tillage and 3) Conventional tillage-zero tillage and the sub-plot of weed control in six levels: 1) control, 2) hand weeding, 3) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare in installments of 15 and 30 days after sowing, 4) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing, 5) crop residues as surface mulch (maize @ 5 tons per hectare) and 6) crap residues + cycloxidem herbicide was 1.5 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS software and comparison of averages with LSD method.
Results and Discussion
The results of the experiment showed that the highest seed number per silique, the highest seed yield, the highest biological yield, and the percentage of oil in the treatment were related to the mutual effects of conventional tillage and manual weeding. The highest silique number per plant and 1000 seeds weight were in the conditions of conventional tillage and the application of 2 liters of herbicide per hectare in installments. The highest rate of harvest index was obtained with 26.80 percent in the condition without tillage and the application of 2 liters of cycloxidum herbicide per hectare in installments.
Conclusion
The use of conventional tillage and the use of cycloxidum herbicide 2 liters per hectare in division along with manual weeding can be effective in controlling weeds and increasing crop yield. In other hand the use of integrated management of weeds and the use of an effective combination of different methods of weed control with sequential tillage, which is effective in terms of society and the environment, and can reduce the damage caused by weeds and burning of residue.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop residues
  • Cropping system
  • Cycloxidum
  • Oil yield
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 1
خرداد 1403
صفحه 101-115
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هم رسانی
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