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تأثیر محلول‏پاشی اسیدهای آمینه در شرایط تنش کم ‏آبی آخر فصل بر برخی از فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیک گیاه کلزا (Brassica Napus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه روی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک کلزا در شرایط قطع آبیاری آخر فصل (مرحله رشد زایشی) انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل (دو عاملی) در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 02-1401 در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (آبیاری کامل در طول فصل زراعی، قطع آبیاری از مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی، قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجین‏دهی) و پنج سطح محلول‌پاشی (بدون محلول‏پاشی، محلول‏پاشی به ترتیب صفر (آب مقطر)، یک، دو و سه گرم اسیدهای آمینه در یک لیتر آب) در سه مرحله رشد (رشد طولی ساقه (رشد نه میانگره به طور آشکار)، مرحله ظهور گل‌آذین (محصور شدن جوانه‌های گل توسط برگ‌ها) و مرحله گلدهی بود. اثرات تیمارها یک هفته بعد از آخرین محلول‌پاشی، بر صفات مختلف شامل: رنگدانه‏های فتوسنتزی شامل کلروفیل a،b و کاروتنوئید، سرعت فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن زیر روزنه‌ای و هدایت روزنه‌ای، شاخص‌های مختلف فلورسانس اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد برهمکنش تنش کم‏آبی و محلول‏پاشی روی سرعت فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه‌ای، میزان تعرق، غلظت دی‌اکسید کربن زیر روزنه‌ای و نسبت آن به دی‌اکسید کربن محیط، رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کاروتنوئید ) و شاخص‏های فلورسانس کلروفیل تأثیر معناداری گذاشت. در بررسی همبستگی بین صفات مشخص گردید کاروتنوئید تنها با صفات غلظت دی‌اکسید کربن زیر روزنه‌ای (r= 0.84**) و نسبت آن به دی‌اکسیدکربن محیط (r= 0.88**) و همچنین فلورسانس کمینه (r= 0.84**) همبستگی مثبت و معنادار دارد. کلروفیل aوb بالاترین همبستگی مثبت و معنادار را با شاخص فلورسانس بیشینه (r= 0.94**) داشتند. شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل بالاترین همبستگی مثبت و معنادار را با صفات سرعت فتوسنتز، هدایت‌ روزنه‌ای، میزان تعرق و کلروفیل‌ها داشتند با این وجود فلورسانس کمینه تنها با صفات مرتبط با تبادل دی‌اکسیدکربن و کاروتنوئید همبستگی مثبت و معنادار ایجاد نمود. عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی مثبت را با سرعت فتوسسنز (**89/0 r=) و میزان تعرق (**91/0 r=) دارد. براساس نتایج اعمال تیمار دو گرم اسیدهای آمینه در لیتر در شرایط آبیاری کامل صفات سرعت فتوسنتز را 22 درصد، هدایت روزنه‌ای را 80 درصد، میزان تعرق را 30 درصد، کلروفیل b را 40 درصد و کاروتنوئید را 27 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. از طرف دیگر با محلول‌پاشی یک گرم اسیدهای آمینه در لیتر در شرایط قطع آبیاری از گل‌دهی بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و حداکثر کارایی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II به دست آمد که با تیمار شاهد (بدون محلول‌پاشی) اختلاف 20 و 5/5 درصدی داشتند. همچنین بالاترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار قطع آبیاری از گل‌دهی (1440 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، قطع آبیاری از خورجین دهی (2346 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و آبیاری کامل (4514 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد برگی دوگرم اسید آمینه در لیتر حاصل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application of amino acids on some physiological processes of oil rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) under late-season drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Fayaz 1
  • ALI SOROOSHZADEH 2
  • Ali Heidarzadeh 3

1 Masters student, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran

3 Ph.D. Graduate of Agronomy, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Oil rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) stands out as a precious oilseed plant cultivated globally, ranking as the third major source of oil production. The cultivation of this plant is expanding due to its notable nutritional and economic advantages. However, the arid and semi-arid climate of Iran poses a challenge to rapeseed cultivation, particularly with the occurrence of water deficit stress towards the end of the season. Various strategies are employed to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress and enhance plant tolerance. One effective method involves the application of biological stimulants, such as amino acids. These compounds can stimulate plant growth and development, under optimal conditions and stress. Amino acids play direct and indirect roles in physiological metabolism, facilitating nutrient exchange and structural activities. This includes the augmentation of photosynthetic pigment concentration, enhancement of photosynthesis rate, and increased protein synthesis, particularly under stress conditions. In consideration of the significance of oil and the role of rapeseed in oil production, along with the challenges posed by drought stress during the reproductive growth stages of rapeseed, this study was conducted to examine the impact of foliar application of amino acids on the physiological parameters of oil rapeseed under conditions of irrigation interruption at the end of the season.
 Materials and methods
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acids on the physiological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments of oil rapeseed under withholding irrigation at the end of the season (reproductive growth stage) as factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during the 2022-2023 growing season. The investigated factors were three levels of irrigation (full irrigation during the season, withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage, withholding irrigation from pod forming) and five levels of foliar spraying (no foliar spraying, zero foliar spraying (distilled water), one, two and three grams of amino acids per liter) in stem elongation, flower-bud emergence, and flowering stages. The experimental plots included four planting rows and three meters in length. In the field, one week after the last foliar spraying, photosynthetic and transpiration rates and various fluorescence parameters were measured using a portable gas exchange and Mini-PAM device, respectively. Moreover, pigments (including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) in the fresh plant samples were determined in the laboratory. After ensuring the normality of the residual of data, statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (version 4.9.) to compare the average data. The LSD test was used at the five percent level.
Results
Physiological and biochemical traits were adversely impacted by water deficit stress, as evidenced by the withholding of irrigation. This stress condition significantly decreased various characteristics, including maximum photosystem efficiency, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and levels of photosynthetic pigments. However, applying amino acids via foliar spray mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress. The results indicated that the photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, intercellular CO2/ambient CO2 ratio, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly influenced by the interaction between drought stress and foliar application of amino acids.  The results indicated that the foliar application of two grams of amino acids per liter significantly increased various physiological parameters compared to the control group. Specifically, it resulted in a 22% enhancement in the photosynthesis rate, an 80% improvement in stomatal conductance, a 30% elevation in transpiration rate, a 40% rise in chlorophyll b, and a 27% increase in carotenoid levels. Conversely, the foliar spraying of one gram of amino acids per liter yielded the highest levels of chlorophyll a and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. These values were 20% and 5.5%, respectively, different from those observed in the control group. Also, the highest grain yield was obtained under withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage (1440 kg ha-1), withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage (2346 kg ha-1) and full irrigation during the season (4514 kg ha-1) with foliar application of 2 grams of amino acid per liter.
 Conclusion
Based on the findings, the most favourable impact of foliar application of amino acids on the investigated traits was observed at a concentration of two grams per liter of water. Notably, the enhancement of these traits has a direct correlation with seed yield. Consequently, considering the substantial influence of these traits on the improvement of seed yield (22.4% and 61.4% under full irrigation and irrigation interruption conditions, respectively), the recommendation is to employ foliar spraying of two grams of amino acids per liter. This application is suggested to enhance rapeseed's physiological and biochemical characteristic across all three irrigation regimes, including full irrigation and interruption of irrigation from the flowering and budding stages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • Photosynthesis
  • Quantum efficiency of photosystem
  • Stomatal conductance
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 1
خرداد 1403
صفحه 65-83
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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