نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - علوم علف های هرز

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

علف­کش­های بازدارنده سنتز استولاکتات سینتاز از جمله علف­کش­هایی هستند که پایداری بالایی در خاک دارند. بقایای این علف­کش­ها در خاک می­تواند به گیاهان بعدی کشت شده، خسارت وارد کند. به منظور ارزیابی پاسخ گیاه ذرت به باقی‌مانده علف‌کش‌های بازدارنده استولاکتات­سینتاز مصرف شده در کنترل علف­های هرز در کشت گندم بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکردی ذرت در دورهای مختلف آبیاری، پژوهشی در کشت و صنعت شهید بهشتی شهرستان اندیمشک در طی سال­های زراعی 1400-1399 و 1401-1400 اجرا گردید. بررسی تأثیر علف‌کش‌های استفاده شده در گندم (به عنوان فاکتور اصلی) و دورهای مختلف آبیاری شامل یک، دو، سه و چهار دور آبیاری در فاصله بین برداشت گندم تا کشت ذرت (به عنوان فاکتور فرعی) بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و عملکردی ذرت به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. سطوح فاکتور اصلی شامل کاربرد علف‌کش آتلانتیس (مزوسولفورون متیل­سدیم+ یدوسولفورون متیل­سدیم دارای 18 گرم ماده موثره، 2/1% OD) با دز 5/1 لیتر در هکتار، کاربرد علف‌کش آپیروس (سولفوسولفورون دارای 5/22 گرم ماده موثره، 75% WG) 6/26 گرم به همراه یک لیتر مویان در هکتار ، شاهد دارای علف­هرز و شاهد بدون علف­هرز (وجین) بودند. علف‌کش‌های بازدارنده سنتز استولاکتات سینتاز در ابتدای پنجه­زنی گندم رقم "مهرگان مادری" مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش صفاتی مانند طول بوته، تعداد برگ، طول بلال، قطر بلال، تعداد ردیف در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت و باقیمانده علف­کش در خاک بررسی شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که کاربرد علف­کش و دور آبیاری اثر معنی­داری بر صفات ارزیابی شده ذرت داشت. کاربرد علف­کش آپیروس و آتلانتیس (در شرایط کاربرد چهار دور آبیاری) به ترتیب در سال اول آزمایش سبب افزایش 51 و 34 درصدی و در سال دوم آزمایش سبب افزایش 76 و 62 درصدی عملکرد دانه ذرت در مقایسه با شاهد دارای علف­هرز شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش دور آبیاری از اثر منفی کاربرد علف‌کش‌های بازدارنده سنتز استولاکتات سینتاز بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، طول و قطر بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد ردیف در بلال، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت گیاه ذرت کاسته شد و علف­کش آتلانتیس در مقایسه با علف­کش آپیروس اثر تخریبی بیش­تری بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، طول و قطر بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد ردیف در بلال، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت گیاه ذرت داشت. بررسی نتایج بقایای علف­کش در خاک نیز حاکی از این بود که پس از اتمام دوره آزمایش، بقایای علف­کش آتلانتیس بیش از علف­کش آپیروس بود که این امر سبب بروز اثر تخریبی بیش­تر آن در مقایسه با علف­کش آپیروس در کشت ذرت شده­ است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Respose of corn growth and yield characteristics to different rounds of irrigation in the soil contains Apirus and Atlantis herbicide residues

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Saaedi 1
  • Kamal Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf 2
  • Ali Ghanbari 3
  • Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi 2

1 Dept. of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN

2 Dept. of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN

3 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an annual plant from the Poaceae family, which ranks third among crops due to its special characteristics, including a wide range of adaptation in tropical and subtropical climates. In recent years, herbicides that inhibit the action of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and Acetolactate synthase have been widely used to control narrow leaves. One of the significant consequences of these herbicides being released into the environment is their persistence in the soil. This issue, along with the harmful effects on the activity of microorganisms and stability in the soil ecosystem, poses a serious threat to crop rotation, as their gradual leaching and runoff can lead to underground and surface water pollution.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment aimed to investigate the residual effect of Acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides on some growth and yield characteristics of corn in different rounds of irrigation was conducted at Shadid Beheshti of Andimshek Agro-industrial Company in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The Acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides used in wheat were Atlantis herbicide (Mesosulfuron-methyl+ iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, OD 1.2%, 1.5 L ha-1), Apirus herbicide (Sulfosulfuron, WG 75%, 26.6 g.ha-1), weedy check, and weed-free check as main-plot and different rounds of irrigation (one, two, three, and four rounds between wheat harvest to corn sowing) as sub plot were examined using a split-plot design with randomized complete block design with four replications. The investigated traits included plant length, number of leaves, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 100 seeds weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, and herbicide carryover in the soil.
 
Results and Discussion
The analysis of variance revealed that the application of herbicide and irrigation rounds significantly affected the assessed traits of corn. The highest values for plant length, number of leaves, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 100 seeds weight, seed yield, and biological yield were observed in the weed-free check with four rounds of irrigation. The weedy check with one round of irrigation had the lowest values for these traits. Increasing the irrigation rounds reduced the negative effect of Acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides on corn plants, and Atlantis herbicide demonstrated a more destructive effect compared to Apirus herbicide. Examination of herbicide carryover in the soil indicated higher residues of Atlantis herbicide compared to Apirus herbicide, resulting in a more detrimental impact on corn plants.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, Apirus herbicide, with better weed control in corn fields and lower soil stability, had a less negative effect on corn plants compared to Atlantis herbicide. The findings from the two years of testing supported this conclusion. Additionally, it was observed that increasing soil moisture through more rounds of irrigation reduced herbicide carryover in the soil and consequently minimized their negative effects on corn plants. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, it seems that in the rotation of wheat-corn, the use of Apirus herbicide in wheat cultivation to control weeds, as well as the implementation of a rounder irrigation method for corn, can lead to a better corn yield compared to the use of Atlantis herbicide.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop rotation of wheat- corn
  • Herbicide residual
  • Mesosulfuron-methyl+ iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium
  • Sulfosulfuron
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