نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تنش محیطی یا زیستی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، عضو هیئت علمی وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله وسردسیری، موسسه باغبانی

2 موسسه علوم باغبانی

3 ازمایشگاه پزوهشکده میوه های معتدله وسردسیری/موسسه باغبانی/کرج

4 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

در آزمایشی گلدانی و در باغ تحقیقاتی کمال اباد کرج اثرات بستر خاکهایی با آهک در محدوده 15% (بافت: clay-loam ) ، 20 % (بافتclay :)، 25 % (بافت: loam) و 45% (بافت: sandy loam) برصفات رشد (طول و عرض برگ، قطر، ارتفاع و طول میانگره) و جذب برگی عناصر غذایی (نیتروژن، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، بور، روی وآهن فعال وآهن آهن کل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین تحمل به­­کلروز آهن ناشی از آهکی بودن خاک در مقادیر مختلف "شاخص قدرت کلرزه شدن" یا CPI خاک برای هردوپایه مورد بررسی اندازه­گیری گردید. این آزمایش در قالب طرح آماری فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی به شکل گلدانی انجام گرفت. پایه P.betulifolia در مقایسه با پایه پیرودوارف (شاهد)، به"شاخص قدرت کلرزه شدن" خاک حساسیت کمتری نشان داد. روابط رگرسیونی منفی و معنی­داری بین افزایش "شاخص قدرت کلرزه شدن" خاک و صفات مورد بررسی در پایه بتولیفولیا مشاهده نگردید. از ویژگی­های برتر پایه بتولیفولیا در مقایسه با پایه پیرودوارف میزان تحمل به آهک فعال خاک حتی تا محدوده 45% آهک (بابافت sandy loam وpH قلیایی) از لحاظ جذب برگی عناصر غذایی نظیر پتاسیم (25/. %)، کلسیم (63/. %)، منیزیم (83/. %)، روی (2/35ppmبور(76/3ppm)، مقدار کلروفیل برگ (23/42 برای ارزش SPAD و 748/. برای شاخص FV/FM) و صفات رشد نظیر عرض قطر تنه ( 97/3 میلی متر) در ارجحیت قرار داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of pear seedlings P.betulifolia for tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Mirabdulbaghi 1
  • Hamid Abdollahi 2
  • Mahyar Tavusi 3
  • Ali Rezaei 4

1 Associate prof., Member of scientific board , Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), Kara j

2 Temperate Fruits Research Center Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Ag. Research Education Extension Org. Karaj, Iran.

3 Temperate Fruits Research CenterHorticultural Science Research Institute, Ag. Research Education Extension Org. Karaj, Iran.

4 Tarbiat Modars University, PhD student

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The aim of this research is to introduce the superior characteristics of P.betulifolia pear rootstock in comparison to the commercial Pyrodwarf (control) in terms of leaf parameters {leaf-N, -K, -Mg, Ca, -Fe, -Zn and leaf-B content; leaf area; chlorophyll (SPAD-Value); Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0:minimum fluorescence; FM: maximum; fluorescence and value of photochemical capacity of photosystem 2 (FV/FM)}, growth traits (shoot length, diameter of shoot) under active lime tolerance in heavy-textured to clayey soils.
 Materials and Methods
 The experiment was conducted in a factorial design within the construction of a completely randomized blocks design, using pots. The factors included: 1- Soils with lime in the range of 15% (texture: clay-loam), 20% (texture: clay), 25% (texture: loam), and 45% (texture: sandy loam). 2- Rootstocks P.betulifolia, Pirrodwarf (as a control). In total, the experiment was carried out on 120 units (5 different levels of soil lime * 2 non-grafted rootstocks * 3 replications * 4 trunk of each studied rootstock/). Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SAS software, involving mean comparisons using Duncan’s method and determining regression relationships.The preparation of pots was carried out as follows: initially, drainage holes were created at the bottom of plastic pots and covered with gravel. Then, a layer of sand and gravel was added to the depth of the pots, followed by the application of animal manure. At this stage, the soils under study, representing different combinations of texture and lime treatments, were added to the 3-kilogram pots. Each pot’s soil composition consisted of 1/3 sand and gravel, 1/3 animal manure, and the remaining being the specified soil samples. Prior to commencing the experiment, the soil samples underwent chemical analysis to determine their general characteristics, including total neutralizing value (TNV), saturation pH, electrical conductivity, soil texture, and organic matter content. In this research, the “Chlorosis Power Index” (CPI) was employed using the formula: CPI = 10000 * (active lime) / (Fe, ppm) ² to estimate the intensity of chlorosis resulting from soil liming for the studied rootstocks. The iron content, extracted as active iron (Fe, ppm) ² using ammonium oxalate, was reported in milligrams per liter, while CPI was reported in milligrams per kilogram.
 Results
P.betulifolia rootstock, compared to the control rootstock Pyrodwarf, showed lower sensitivity to the soil’s “Chlorosis Power Index.” Negative and significant regression relationships between the increase in the soil’s “Chlorosis Power Index” and the investigated traits were not observed in the P.betulifolia rootstock.
Conclusion
Notably, P.betulifolia demonstrated superior features, including active lime soil tolerance up to 45% lime (sandy loam texture and alkaline pH), in terms of leaf uptake of nutrients such as potassium, boron, total iron, and active iron, chlorophyll content, and growth traits like leaf length, leaf width, height, and trunk diameter.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf nutrient uptake
  • Leaf chlorophyll
  • Soil chlorotic power index (CPI)
  • Vegetative growth
Ali-Akbari, M. (2009). Identification of native pear cultivars in the central and western parts of Kurdistan. Plant Production,32 (1); 39-51. [ In Persian].
Anonymus, (1993). Soil science reports from Damavand area (Tehran province). Technical Journal. Number 842
Anonymus, 1353. Preferential soil reports of Isfahan province. Technical Journal, No. 407.
Anonymus, (1371). General soil reports of Damavand region (Tehran province). Technical Journal, No. 842
Anonymus, 1375. Detailed preferential soil studies of Khorasan province, 1375. Technical Journal, No. 944
Anonymus, (1377). General soil studies and classification of West Azerbaijan province. Technical Journal, No. 1027.
Archana, M., Anusree, T., Suma, R., & Manjunatha, G. (2019). Identifying association between pomegranate fruit yield and nutrient variables using correlation and linear multiple regression models. International Journal of Forest, Soil & Erosio9(3)
Bai, M., Hao, G., Zhang, X., Yang, S., Guo, H. (2019). Nutrients of soil and leaf in pear orchards of Shanxi province. Journal of Agriculture 9 (12): 23–27
Cardenas-Lailhacar, B., Dukes,& M.D. (2015). Effect of temperature and salinity on the precision and accuracy of landscape irrigation soil moisture sensor systems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 141(7): 04014076.
Fallahi, E., Neilse, D., Neilsen, G.H., Fallahi, B., & Shafii, B. (2010). Efficient irrigation for optimum fruit quality and yield in apples. HortScience, 45 (11): 1616–1619,
Farhadi, H., ُSHARIFANI, M. M., Alizadeh, M., Hokmabadi, H., & Aliniaefard, S. (2023). Effect of Drought Stress on the Amount of Proline, Glycine Betaine, Carbohydrate, Phenol and Malondialdehyde Content Genotypes and Interspecific Hybrids Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Plant Productions, 46(4):507-521. [ In Persian].
Ikinci, A., Bolat, I., Ercisli, S., & Kodad, O. (2014). Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, and fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions. Biological Research, 47(71):1-8.
Imami, A. (1375). Plant analysis methods. Soil and Water Research Institute. Technical Journal, No. 982.
Malakouti, M.J., Ehyaee, M. & Khoshkhabar V.G. (2009). Irrigation Water Bicarbonate Obstacle to Increasing Agricultural Productivy in the Country. Technical publications. Soil and Water Research Institute.iran. [ In Persian].
Milošević, T., & Milošević, N. (2016). Estimation of nutrient status in pear using leaf mineral composition and deviation from the optimum percentage index. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 15 (5): 45-55.
Mirabdulbaghi, M., 2020. Evaluation of the effectiveness of concentration of iron and zinc elements in flower at full bloom to some leaf parameters, growth traits and yield of quince cultivars seedlings (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)  from Iran grown in calcareous soils. Plant Production, 43 (2):159-170. [ In Persian].
Tagliavini, M., Bassi, D., & Marangoni, B. (1993). Growth and mineral nutrition of pear rootstocks in lime soils. Scientia Horticulturae, 54(1):13-22
Shafiei, N., Khaleghi, E., & Moallemi, N. (2019). Effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Olive (Olea europaea cv. ‘Konservalia’) under water stress. Plant Productions, 42(1):15-30. [ In Persian].
Tagliavini, M., & Rombola, A.D. (2001). Iron deficiency and chlorosis in orchard and vineyard ecosystems. European Journal of Agronomy; 15 (2) 71-92
Yu, N., Li, J., Wang, J., Cai, Z., Sha, S., & Li, H. (2013). Investigation and analysis on nutrient status of soil and leaves in'Nanguoli'pear orchards in Liaoning Province. International Journal of Fruit Science. 30(2):254-9.
Zarin Negesh, M. (1368). Soil fertility and production. University of Tehran Press and Publications Institute, Page 245. [In Persian].
Zahoori, M., Abdollahi, M., Arjey, A., & Abdousi, V. (1398). Preliminary selection of some pear rootstocks for drought tolerance based on growth and physiological indices. Journal of Horticulture and Seed Science, 35(2):285-302