نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - گیاهان زینتی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه لرستان، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه لرستان، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشگاه لرستان، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشگاه سراوان، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، سراوان، ایران

چکیده

شوری یکی از اصلی‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که استقرار گیاهچه و عملکرد گیاهان فضای سبز را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. در دهه اخیر، تمایل به استفاده از ترکیبات نانوذرات فلزات در بخش کشاورزی، ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهی، علوم دامی و علوم باغبانی رایج شده است. کاربرد نانوذرات نقره در تنش‌های غیرزیستی و به روش‌های متنوع، تحمل گیاهان را در برابر تنش‌ها بهبود می‌بخشد. نانوذرات نقره به‌علت کوچک بودن و حلالیت بالا سریع‌تر توسط گیاهان جذب می-شوند و بنابراین با کاربرد این مواد شرایط بهینه برای رشد گیاه ایجاد می‌شود و از ایجاد هرگونه شرایط تنشی در گیاه جلوگیری می‌شود. به همین منظور، جهت بررسی اثر نانو ذرات نقره بر تحمل به شوری گل جعفری فرانسوی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول شامل تیمار شوری در چهار سطح  (صفر، 25، 50 و 100 میلی‌مولار سدیم کلرید، به ترتیب معادل 067/0، 450/2، 440/5 و 520/9 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم کاربرد نانوذرات نقره در چهار سطح (صفر، 10، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. آزمایش در اردیبهشت سال 1400 در گلخانه گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی واقع در شهرستان خرم آباد، استان لرستان انجام شد. بذرهای گل جعفری فرانسوی (Tagetes patula L.) از شرکت پاکان بذر اصفهان خریداری شد و بذرها در گلدان‌های پلاستیکی حاوی مخلوط خاکی شامل خاک، کود دامی پوسیده و ماسه  با نسبت وزنی 2:1:1 کشت شد. در این بررسی کاربرد نانونقره نه تنها به طور قابل توجهی تمام پارامترهای ارزیابی شده را بهبود بخشید، بلکه تا حدی اثرهای مخرب در شرایط شوری (50 و 100 میلی‌ مولار) کاهش داد، این اثر تدریجی نانونقره زمانی که درغلظت‌های 10 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اعمال شد، برجسته‌تر بود. کاربرد نانونقره سبب افزایش خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل جعفری از جمله وزن تر گل (به میزان 23/2 درصد) شد. نانونقره در غلظت‌های 10 و 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر موجب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ (70/7 درصد)، محتوای فنل کل (96/5 درصد)، محتوای فلاونوئیدهای کل (91/34 درصد) و میزان پتاسیم برگ (055/4 درصد) در شرایط تنش شوری گردید. همچنین در این تیمار، کم‌ترین میزان سدیم برگ (162/0 درصد)، نشت یونی (44/25 درصد) و مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (56/21 درصد) یادداشت شد. نتایج حاضر نشان داد کاربرد نانوذرات نقره در بهبود تحمل به شوری در گیاه جعفری فرانسوی مفید بود و کاربرد غلظت‌های 10 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر این ماده می‌تواند اثرات تنش شوری را کاهش دهد، در حالی‎‎که در غلظت‌های بالاتر (100میلی‌گرم در لیتر) احتمالا به دلیل سمیت یون نانوذرات برای بهبود رشد و گلدهی این گیاه در مناطق شور پیشنهاد نمی‌شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of salinity stress and the application of silver nanoparticles on flowering and some physico-biochemical characteristics of French parsley (Tagetes patula L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khatoun Behzad 1
  • Abdollah Ehtesham Nia 2
  • Mohamadreza Raji 3
  • Hasan Moumivand 2
  • Majid Alikhani-Koupaei 4

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khorramabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Lorestan University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khorramabad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Lorestan University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khorramabad, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Saravan University, Department of Plant medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Saravan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Salinity stress leads to ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Salinity stress through the osmotic mechanism, due to the reduction of the osmotic potential of the soil solution, causes disturbances in transpiration and photosynthesis. The mechanism of action of ionic toxicity is also related to ion absorption and changes in physiological processes caused by toxicity, deficiency or change in the balance of mineral elements. In the last decade, the tendency to use metal nanoparticle compounds in agriculture and horticultural sciences has become popular. Researchers believe that silver nanoparticles are absorbed faster by plants due to their small size and high solubility, therefore, by using these materials, optimal conditions for plant growth are created and stress conditions are prevented in the plant.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Horticultural Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture located in Khorramabad city, Lorestan province in 2021. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor was included salinity treatment at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively equivalent to 0.067, 2.450, 5.440 and 9.520 dS m-1) and the second factor was foliar application of nanosilver at 4 levels (0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm). Salinity treatments were started gradually with the application of low concentration of salt after establishing the plants in the pot. Nano silver foliar spraying was applied weekly for 5 times until the flowering stage. Foliar spraying with silver nanoparticles was done in 3 stages of four leaves, full growth and flowering.
Results and Discussion
In this study, application of nanosilver increased the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of parsley, including the fresh weight of the flower (by 2.23%). Nanosilver in concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/liter increases the relative content of leaf water (7.70%), the content of total phenol (5.96%), the content of total flavonoids (34.91%) and the amount of potassium in leaves (4.055 %) under salinity stress conditions. Additionally, the lowest amount of sodium leaf (0.162 %), ion leakage (25.44 %) and malondialdehyde (21.56 %) was observed in this treatment. Researchers believe that silver nanoparticles are absorbed faster by plants due to their small size and high solubility, therefore, by using these materials, optimal conditions for plant growth are created and any stressful conditions are prevented in the plant. Silver nanoparticles with suitable size and remarkable chemical stability remain in constant shape and size in solutions.
Conclusion
Based on the results observed in this study, the treatment of silver nanoparticles in concentrations of 10 and 50 ppm in the conditions of salinity stress, relative water content of leaves, potassium content of leaves, fresh and dry weight of flowers and time of budding and flowering were increased, while ion leakage, malondialdehyde, proline, total phenol and flavonoid content, and sodium content of leaves were decreased. Therefore, it can be stated that the application of silver nanoparticles in the form of foliar spraying at levels of 10 and 50 ppm can reduce the negative effects caused by salinity stress and improve the ornamental characteristics of parsley in 25 and 50 mM of salinity stress.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf potassium content
  • Nanoparticles
  • Proline
  • Relative water content
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