Document Type : Research Paper - Industrial Crops
Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate
2 Assistant Professor of Seed Science and Technology - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebil-Ardebil
3 Scientific Board
4 post Graduated Ph.D.
5 Scientific board
Abstract
Introduction: Today, after about 200 years of sugar beet history, about 40% of the sucrose needed by humans is supplied through this crop. Ardabil province with the production of 145,000 tons, 1.8% of the country's sugar beet is produced in Ardabil province. During the growing season, sugar beet is attacked by various pests and pathogens. In Iran, infection with various bacterial, nematode, fungal (especially rhizoctonia) and viral diseases, including rhizomania, has been reported. Pathogens of sugar beet leaves and roots are among the factors that affect the quantity and quality of sugar beet products and in many cases hinder development and even cause the cultivation of this product is limited.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate different quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (20 genotypes) of sugar beet in Moghan research farm using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017-2018. For this study, 20 sugar beet monogerm hybrids produced in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station along with 9 paternal and maternal parents were used.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the percentages of green field cover percentage, plant number, leaf length, petiole length, root diameter and sodium and potassium content at 5% probability level and leaf width, total root number and branch traits were significant differences at 1% probability level among genotypes. Also the nitrogen content, alkalinity coefficient, alkali content, molasses sugar content, gross sugar yield, net sugar yield, root yield and vegetable-yolk score were significant differences at 1% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that number of plants in genotype with number 17 and leaf parameters were in genotype with number15 and 20 the highest leaf length and width, respectively. The highest petiole length belonged to genotypes 9 and 16 and the maximum root diameter was obtained from genotype 10. In terms of total root number, genotypes with numbers 11 and 13 were significantly higher than other genotypes, and genotype 7 produced the highest number of branched roots. In this experiment, the highest (13.7%) contamination was observed in genotype 9 and the lowest was in genotypes 10 and 12. Sodium and potassium levels were highest in genotype 15, while genotype 20 had the highest amount of harmful nitrogen. In terms of alkalinity coefficient, genotype 3 had the highest rate, whereas genotype 15 had the highest percentage of molasses sugar. The highest gross sugar, pure sugar and root yield were obtained from genotype 12 (10.69, 8.193 and 85.59 ton / ha, respectively) and the lowest values belonged to genotype 3.
Conclusions: There was a significant positive relationship between root diameter and percentage of pure and gross sugars, pure and gross sugar yield and root yield. The relationship between sodium content and potassium and molasses sugar content was positive and significant, with a negative and significant correlation with the percentage of pure and gross sugar and extraction coefficient. Correlated nitrogen showed a significant negative correlation with alkalinity. The alkalinity coefficient showed a negative and significant correlation with the percentage of pure and gross sugars. The percent of molasses sugar was negatively and significantly correlated with extraction coefficient.
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