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ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی هیبریدهای نوین چغندر قند در شرایط اقلیمی نیر

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

5 دکتری اصلاح نباتات - ژنتیک مولکولی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

6 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندر قند، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

امروزه پس از حدود 200 سال سابقه چغندرقند، حدود 40 درصد ساکارز مورد نیاز انسان از طریق این محصول تامین می ­شود. 8/1 درصد از چغندرقند کشور در استان اردبیل تولید می­ شود. عوامل بیماری­‌زای برگ و ریشه چغندرقند از جمله عواملی هستند که بر کمیت و کیفیت محصولات چغندرقند تأثیر می‌­گذارند و در بسیاری از موارد مانع توسعه و حتی محدود شدن کشت این محصول می­‌شوند. این آزمایش به­منظور ارزیابی صفات مختلف کمی و کیفی چغندرقند (20 هیبرید) چغندرقند در مزرعه‌ تحقیقاتی نیر با استفاده از طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397-1398 اجرا گردید. برای این مطالعه 20 هیبرید منوژرم چغندرقند که در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل تولید شده بود به­ همراه 9 والد پدری و مادری استفاده شد. برای تعیین صفات موثر بر عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند و درصد قند قابل استحصال از تجزیه کلاستر و برای تعیین ضریب همبستگی از روش پبرسون استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات درصد پوشش سبز مزرعه، تعداد بوته و میزان سدیم و پتاسیم در سطح احتمال پنج درصد و صفات تعداد ریشه کل و منشعب، میزان نیتروژن مضره، ضریب آلکالیته، درصد قند ملاس، عملکرد قند ناخالص و خالص، عملکرد ریشه و نمره سبزی- زردی در سطح احتمال یک درصد تفاوت معنی‌­داری در بین هیبرید­ها داشتند. همچنین برای صفت تعداد بوته هیبرید 17 و تعداد ریشه هیبرید شماره 7 نسبت به بقیه هیبرید‌ها برتر بودند. در تحقیق حاضر، حداکثر آلودگی به بیماری ریزومانیا (7/13 درصد) در هیبرید شماره 9 مشاهده شد و کمترین مقدار آن متعلق به دو هیبرید شماره 10 و 12 بود. بیشترین میزان سدیم و پتاسیم در هیبرید 15 بود، در حالی‌­که هیبرید شماره 20 بالاترین میزان نیتروژن مضره را داشت. هیبرید 3 بالاترین ضریب آلکالیته را داشت، در صورتی­‌که بالاترین درصد قند ملاس به هیبرید 15 تعلق داشت. بالاترین عملکرد قند ناخالص، خالص و ریشه (به­ترتیب 69/10، 193/8 و 59/85 تن در هکتار) از هیبرید 12 به­دست آمد و کمترین مقادیر این صفات متعلق به هیبرید 3 بود. به­طور کلی از نظر شاخص­‌های عملکردی هیبریدهای شماره 3، 12 و 15 مناسب­ ترین هیبریدها نسبت به سایر هیبریدها بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of some new sugar beet hybrids in Nir climatic conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Sanaie Niri 1
  • Omid Sofalian 2
  • Salim Farzaneh 3
  • Ali Asghari 4
  • Seyede Yalda Raeisi Sadati 5
  • Abazar Rajabi 6

1 Ph.D Candidate, Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

5 Ph.D. Plant Breeding (Molecular Genetics), Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

6 Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Breeding and Preparation Research Institute, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Today, after about 200 years of sugar beet history, about 40% of the sucrose needed by humans is supplied through this crop 1.8% of the country's sugar beet is produced in Ardabil province. Pathogens of sugar beet leaves and roots are among the factors that affect the quantity and quality of sugar beet products and in many cases prevent the development and even limit the cultivation of this product.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted to evaluate different quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (20 hybrids) in the research field of Nair using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019. For this study, 20 sugar beet monogerm hybrids that were produced in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station along with 9 paternal and maternal parents were used. To determine the effective traits on root and sugar yield and percentage of extractable sugar from cluster analysis and to determine the correlation coefficient Peberson method was used.
Results
The results showed that the characteristics of the percentage of green cover of the field, the number of plants and the amount of sodium and potassium at the probability level of five percent and the traits of number of total and branched roots, amount of harmful nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient, molasses sugar percentage, gross and pure sugar yield, root yield and green-yellowness score had a significant difference among the hybrids at the probability level of 1%. Also, for the attribute number of hybrid plant number 17 and number of roots of hybrid number 7, they were superior to other hybrids. In the current research, the maximum infection with rhizomania disease (13.7%) was observed in hybrid number 9, and the lowest amount belonged to two hybrids number 10 and 12. The highest amount of sodium and potassium was in hybrid 15, while hybrid number 20 had the highest amount of harmful nitrogen. Hybrid 3 had the highest alkalinity coefficient, while the highest percentage of molasses sugar belonged to hybrid 15. The highest yield of gross, pure and root sugar (respectively 10.69, 8.193 and 85.59 tons per hectare) was obtained from hybrid 12 and the lowest values belonged to hybrid 3.
Conclusions
In general, in terms of performance indicators, hybrids number 3, 12 and 15 were the most suitable hybrids compared to other hybrids.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Quantitative traits
  • Root yield
  • Pure sugar
  • Harmful nitrogen
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 47، شماره 1
خرداد 1403
صفحه 85-100
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هم رسانی
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