نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - زراعت

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشگاه رازی

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

نگرانی‌های مربوط به امنیت غذایی، افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی را به دلیل افزایش روزافزون جمعیت جهان با پیش‌بینی بیش از 6/9 میلیارد نفر تا سال 2050 الزامی کرده‌است. گزارش شده‌است که محتویات مختلف فیزیکو‌شیمیایی گیاهان توسط محلول دود حاصل از گیاه افزایش می‌یابد. ترکیبات زیستی فعال دود در آب محلول بوده و در غلظت‌های خیلی پایین پاسخهای فیزیولوژیک قابل توجهی را در گیاهان ایجاد میکنند. این ترکیبات را می‌توان در شکل عصاره آبی تحت عنوان دودآب، با طراحی دستگاهی بر مبنای پژوهش‌های پیشین در این زمینه مورداستفاده قرار داد. از طریق مطالعات مختلف ثابت شد‌ه‌است که فعالیت تقویت‌کننده دود به دلیل وجود ترکیب کاریکین (KARs) است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی برگی دودآب بر برخی از شاخص‌های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه گندم، پژوهشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، طی دو سال زراعی 1399-1398 و 1400-1399 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی(RCBD) با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل ارقام گندم آبی(میهن و سیروان) و محلول‌‌پاشی دود آب با غلظت یک لیتر در هکتار در مراحل فنولوژیک رشدی گندم در یازده سطح شامل عدم کاربرد (شاهد)، کاربرد در مراحل برجستگی دوگانه، تشکیل گره دوم، ظهور سنبله، گرده‌افشانی، برجستگی دوگانه + تشکیل گره دوم، برجستگی دوگانه + ظهور سنبله، برجستگی دوگانه + گرده‌افشانی، تشکیل گره دوم + ظهور سنبله، تشکیل گره دوم + گرده‌افشانی، ظهور سنبله + گرده‌افشانی بود. صفات مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت، دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، طول پرشدن دانه و سرعت پرشدن دانه بود.
نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد بیش‌ترین سرعت پرشدن دانه با محلول‌پاشی دود آب در مرحله‌ی تشکیل گره دوم با متوسط (38/1 میلی‌گرم در روز) در هر دو رقم میهن و سیروان بود و بیش‌ترین وزن هزار دانه با متوسط (93/ 48 گرم) در رقم مهین در محلول‌پاشی در مرحله‌ی ظهور سنبله بدست آمد، همچنین محلول‌‌پاشی در مرحله‌ی برجستگی دوگانه + تشکیل گره دوم بیش‌ترین شاخص برداشت با متوسط (79/45 درصد) و طول پرشدن دانه با متوسط (51/48 روز) که همگی در رقم میهن بود. محلول‌‌پاشی در مراحل برجستگی دوگانه + تشکیل گره دوم و گرده افشانی بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه با متوسط (02/6 تن در هکتار) را موجب شد. بیش‌ترین تعداد دانه در سنبله با متوسط (83/55) و عملکرد بیولوژیک با متوسط (61/15 تن در هکتار) مربوط به محلول‌پاشی در مرحله‌‌ی برجستگی دوگانه + ظهور سنبله در رقم میهن بود. دودآب دارای پتانسیل لازم برای افزایش کمیت گندم می‌باشد. در صورت تأیید نتایج این پژوهش در تحقیقات دیگر، می‌توان استفاده از دودآب را به عنوان یک فناوری کاربردی و کم هزینه توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of foliar application of plant-derived smoke on yield and growth characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amene Akbarzade sharafi 1
  • Saeid Jalali Honarmand 2
  • Hamidreza Chaghazardi 3
  • Mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi 1

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Razi University

3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Food security concerns have necessitated the increase in agricultural production due to the ever-increasing world population, projected to exceed 9.6 billion people by 2050. It has been reported that various physicochemical contents of plants are increased by the solution of plant smoke. The biologically active compounds of smoke are soluble in water and in very low concentrations, they cause significant physiological responses in plants. These compounds can be used in the form of aqueous extract under the name of water smoke, by designing a device based on previous research in this field. Through various studies, it has been reported that the smoke enhancing activity is due to the presence of karrikin compounds (KARs).
 
Materials and methods
This research was carried out in a factorial experiment in base of randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications in the research farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, in the crop years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The factors included irrigated wheat cultivars (Mihan and Sirvan) and foliar application with a concentration of one liter per hectare in the phenological growth stages of wheat at eleven levels including no application (control), application in the stages of double ridge, second node detectable, ear emergence, anthesis, double ridge + second node detectable, double ridge + ear emergence, double ridge + anthesis, second node detectable + ear emergence, second node detectable + anthesis, ear emergence + anthesis. The studied traits in this research include seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, seed per spike, 1000-seed weight, seed filling duration and seed filling speed.
 
Result and discussion
The results of this study showed that the maximum seed filling speed in foliar application at the stage of second node detectable was average (1.38 mg. day-1) in both Mihan and Sirvan cultivars, and the maximum weight of 1000-seed weight (48.93 g) in Mihan cultivar in foliar application at the stage of ear emergence was obtained, also foliar application in the stage of double ridge + second node detectable had the highest harvest index with average (45.79%) and seed filling duration with average (48.51 days) All of which were in the Mihan cultivar. Foliar application in the stages of double ridge + second node detectable and anthesis caused the highest seed yield with average (6.02 t. ha-1). The maximum number of seeds per spike with average (55.83) and biological yield with average (15.61 t. ha-1) was related to foliar application at the stage of double ridge + ear emergence in Mihan cultivar.
 
Conclusion
Smoke water has the necessary potential to increase the quantity of wheat. If the results of this research are confirmed in other researches, it can be recommended to use water smoke as a practical and low-cost technology, especially for poor farmers in developing countries.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth regulator
  • Harvest index
  • Karrikin
  • Seed filling speed
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