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تأثیر بسترهای مختلف کشت و هرس هوایی ریشه بر رشد گیاه خربزه درختی (Carica papaya)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - میوه های گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تولید محصولات گلخانه ای، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران

چکیده

خربزه درختی (Carica papaya)، میوه‌ای گرمسیری است که کاربردهای دارویی و غذایی فراوانی دارد. انتخـاب بسـتر کشـت مناسب یکی از اهداف مهم در بهبود رشد دانهال درختان میوه می‌باشد. همچنین انجام هرس هوایی ریشه جهت تولید نهال‌هایی با سیستم ریشه‌ای منشعب و مستحکم از عوامـل موثر در پرورش گیاهان است. به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر بسترهای مختلف کشت و هرس هوایی ریشه بر رشد گیاه خربزه درختی (Carica papaya) آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد، تیمارها شامل بسترهای کاشت (کوکوپیت 100 درصد، پیت‌ماس 100 درصد، کوکوپیت 70 درصد + پرلیت 30 درصد و پیت‌ماس 70 درصد + پرلیت 30 درصد) و انجام یا عدم انجام هرس هوایی ریشه بودند که در سال 1401 در گلخانه‌ای واقع در شهرستان پاکدشت، شهرک گلخانه‌ای گلفام اعمال شد. بذرها در نیمه مهرماه در سینی‌های کشت حاوی بسترهای کاشت مورد نظر کشت گردید و جهت انجام هرس هوایی ریشه در تیمارهای مورد نظر برش‌های افقی در دیواره حفره‌های سینی کشت ایجاد شد و پس از 50 روز از کاشت بذرها نمونه‌ها جهت ارزیابی صفات وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی گیاهچه، طول بلندترین ریشه، ارتفاع گیاهچه، طول میانگره، تعداد گره، سطح برگ، محتوای کلروفیل کل و فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نتایج نشان داد، تیمارها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشتند. بیشترین وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی گیاهچه، طول بلندترین ریشه، ارتفاع گیاهچه، طول میانگره و تعداد گره در بستر کشت پیت‌ماس 70 درصد + پرلیت 30 درصد + عدم انجام هرس هوایی ریشه مشاهده شد. بیشترین سطح برگ در تیمار بستر کاشت پیت‌ماس 100 درصد + عدم انجام هرس هوایی ریشه و بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل کل در تیمار پیت‌ماس 70 درصد + پرلیت 30 درصد + انجام هرس هوایی ریشه به‌دست آمد. فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز نیز در تیمار پیت ماس 100 درصد + انجام هرس هوایی ریشه نیز بیشترین بود. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، بسترهای مختلف ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مختلفی دارند که می توانند بر رشد گیاه تاثیر گذار باشند، در این پژوهش کشت بذر خربزه درختی در بستر کشت حاوی پیت‌ماس 70 درصد و پرلیت 30 درصد و عدم انجام هرس هوایی ریشه به عنوان بهترین تیمار موثر بر رشد گیاه خربزه درختی (Carica papaya) پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Kazemi 1
  • Elham Danaee 2

1 M.Sc. Student of Production of Greenhouse Crops, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a tropical tree that leaves, fruits, seeds and roots has many medicinal and edible uses. Choosing the appropriate planting medium is one of the important ways to improve seedling growth of fruit trees. By improving the physical and chemical properties, it causes better absorption of nutrients and improves plant growth. Also, aerial root pruning to produce seedlings with branched and strong root systems is one of the effective factors in growing plants.
 
Materials and methods
To study the effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya), an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized statistical design with three replications and two factors of planting media (cocopeat 100%, peat mass 100%, and cocopeat 70% + perlite 30%, peat moss 70% + perlite 30%) and performing or not performing aerial root pruning was implemented in the greenhouse. The seeds were sown in the culture trays containing the desired planting beds, and horizontal cuts were made in the walls of the culture tray cavities to perform aerial pruning of the roots in the desired treatments. Sampling was done 50 days after sowing the seeds and some morphologic, physiologic and biochemical traits include fresh and dry weight of seedlings, root length, seedling height, internode length, node number, leaf area, total chlorophyll, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits so that the highest fresh and dry weight of seedlings (1.69, 0.66 g, respectively), root length (17.66 cm), seedling height (7.92 cm), internode length (8.61 mm) and node number (4.67) were observed in 70% peat moss + 30% perlite and no aerial root pruning. The maximum leaf area (9.14 cm3) and total chlorophyll (1.69 mg g-1 FW) content were obtained in the 100% peat moss planting bed treatment and no aerial root pruning and the 70% peat moss + 30% perlite treatment and root aerial pruning. The highest activity of peroxidase (37.60 U enzyme-1 FW), catalase (7.60 U enzyme-1 FW) and superoxide dismutase (16.08 U enzyme-1 FW) enzymes was also in 100% peat moss treatment and root aerial pruning.
 
Conclusion
In general, the results of this research showed that the combination of two organic and inorganic substrates, peat mass 70% and perlite 30%, showed the best effect on vegetative characteristics and total chlorophyll content in papaya. Also, the highest activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was observed in 100% peat moss bed. Root aerial pruning also decreased the evaluated growth characteristics and increased the total chlorophyll content and activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. According to the results, different culture media had different physical and chemical characteristics that can affect plant growth. In this research it is recommended to sowing papaya seeds in 70% peat moss and 30% perlite and not to perform aerial root pruning to produce this product.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cocopeat
  • Enzyme
  • Peat moss
  • Perlite
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 46، شماره 4
اسفند 1402
صفحه 611-623
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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